2023届北京市西城区高三下学期一模英语试卷

2023届北京市西城区高三一模英语第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Asachildgrowingupinthe1980s,MarleneIrvintookmanytripstoJoyland,anamusementparkinherhometownofWichita,Kansas.ShegotexcitedthemomentherfamilydroveintoJoyland'sparkinglot.“Thecarouselcirclingattheentrancetotheparkwasalwaysthe1forme,"Marlenesaid.“Icouldwatchthehorsesforhours.Joylandcertainlymadea/an2impressiononMarlene,asshegother“firstrealjob”yearslateratWichita'sChanceManufacturing,thelargestmakerofamusementparkridesintheworldatthetime.Marlenestartedinthefiberglassworkshop,wherethecarouselhorses'frames,alongwithpartsforFerriswheels,rollercoasters,andotherrides,werepiecedtogether.She3foundherwaytoChance'sartanddecorationdepartment,becomingoneoftheleadhorseartists.Then,afterworkingatChancefornearlyfifteenyears,Marlenedecidedtostartherownbusiness,focusingoncarouselrestoration.Aroundthesametime,Joylandstartedexperiencinga4inattendance.Atlast,totheheartbreakofWichitansyoungandold,Joyland5aftermorethanfiftyyearsofoperation.Localpreservationorganizationspurchasedsomeofthepark'shistoricalitems,andJoyland'sthirty-sixcarouselhorsesweredonatedtoBotanica,aWichita-ownedbotanicalgarden.BotanicaaskedMarleneto6theold,brokenhorses,andsheacceptedthechallenge.AsMarlenefinishedeachhorse,Botanica7themforthepublictosee.Althoughtheylooked8comparedtotheirglory（辉煌）daysatJoyland，thankstoMarlene'sartisticefforts,thehorsesimpressedobserversevenmorethantheyhadbefore.WhennativeWichitanssawthem,theirmost9questionwas:“Willwebeabletoridethem?”Evenas10,theyrememberedridingthehorsesatJoylandwhentheywerekids.Marlenealwayssmiledandanswered:“They'vebeenwaitingforyoutocomeback.”1. A.memory B.dream C.highlight D.comfort2. A.immediate B.lasting C.accurate D.general3. A.suddenly B.definitely C.hesitantly D.eventually4. A.decline B.break C.boost D.return5. A.wentdown B.felldown C.gotdown D.shutdown6. A.replace B.rearrange C.restore D.reuse7. A.displayed B.moved C.protected D.advertised8. A.modern B.different C.attractive D.unique9. A.basic B.unexpected C.common D.remarkable10. A.repairmen B.customers C.residents D.adults第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。AMynameisBarbaraandIworkatadepartmentstore.I11（work）thereforoneyearwhenanotherBarbarajoinedthestaff.ThenIchangedmynametagfrom“Barb”to“Barbie”.12mademefeelfunnywashowsmallkidstalkedaboutme.“IsshereallyBarbie?”theyasked.Ichangeditatmyotherjob,tooandbeganansweringthephone,“ThisisBarbie.HowcanIhelpyou?”Thecallershavegottenusedtothatovertime,ninetypercentof13nowrespondwithmyname:“Barbie,canyoutellme...”Pronouncingthatlong“e”soundforcesyourmouthintoasmile,butIhavefoundthesmileisusuallyreturnedvoluntarily.BIt'ssaidthatfortheEnglishman,hishouseishiscastle.However,thisdoesnotmeanthathishouseisabeautifulpalacethatothers14（invite）tosee.FortheBritish,thehomeisaplacetoprotectoneselffromtheoutsideworld.It'saprivateplaceinwhichhegoestohideaway15thetroublesoflife.TotheAmerican,thehomeisanexpressionof16（ne）.Muchmoneyisoftenspentoneachandeveryroom17（create,meright“feel"accordingtotheperson'slifestyle.Therefore,heishappytoshowhishousetoothers.CSmokejumpersarefirefighters,trainedtofightfiresinplacesthatfireenginescan'treach.Theytravelinsmallplanesand,18（use）aparachute,jumpintoremotewildareastofightfires.Smokejumpershavetorespondquickly.Whileafireisstillsmall,thepilot19（drop）teammembersintotheareaasneeded.Theirfirstjobmaybetobuildafirelinetostopthefirefromspreading.Waterissentdowntothem.Smokejumpersmustbe20（high）trained,veryexperiencedandextremelyfit.Theirjobisverydangerous.第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ADearTeachersandParents,ThisJune,duringFinancialLiteracyMonth,wehavesometoshare.In2015,afreeonlinefinancialeducationcoursenamedFutureSmartwasintroducedtomiddleschoolstudents,specificallytargetingthisgroupatatimeintheirliveswhenfinancialhabitstakeholdandgrow.Fastforwardtotoday,FutureSmart,availableinEnglishandSpanish,hasreachedover13,000schoolsacrossall50states.Morethantwomillionstudentshavecompletedthecourse,withalmosthalfcomingfromlow-to-moderateincomefamilies.Butwearen'tstoppingthere.Wepromisetoreachfourmillionmorestudentsbytheendof2025.Why?Becausethismomentcallsforbraveaction.Neverbeforehavemoneymanagementandinvestmentdecisionsbeensoeasytoconductatanytimeorplacethroughtheuseofasmartphone.Itistimetoofferstudentsmorecriticalfinancialliteracyeducationtoencouragethemtomakegoodfinancialdecisionsonadailybasisastheymaketheirwaythroughacomplexworld.Fromweighingopportunitycoststodelayinginstantsatisfactionforlong-termfinancialgain,FutureSmarteducatesouryouthusinghands-onsimulations（模拟）tointroduceconceptslikedailyfinancialdecisionsandtherewardsoflong-termplanning.Teachingyounglearnershowtobuildsolidfinancialfoundationsisanimportantstepinbuildingfinanciallyhealthycommunities.Althoughourworkisfarfromcomplete,weknowthatFutureSmartworks.Anditworksexceptionallywell.Inthelargeststudyofitskind,supportedbytheMassMutualFoundationandEVERFI,theUniversityofMassachusettsDonahueInstitute（UMDIWhat'smore,theseresultswereconsistentacrossallstudentdemographicsincludingrace,age,gender,schoolyear,andsocioeconomicstatus.Wehavealongwaytogotoreacheverysinglemiddleschoolstudent,butwewelcomethechallenge.Together,ourteamshavestartedamovementtoprovideequalaccesstofinancialeducation,andweinviteotherstojoinus.VisittolearnmoreandseehowyoucanbringFutureSmarttotheyoungpeopleinyourlife.MICHAELFANNING RAYMARTINEZHeadofMassMutualUS PresidentandCo-FounderofEVERFI21.ThecourseFutureSmart____.A.isofferedintwodifferentlanguagesB.requiresskillfulsmartphoneoperationC.hasbeenboughtbyalargenumberofschoolsD.targetsstudentsfromlow-to-moderateincomefamilies22.HowdoesFutureSmartintroducefinancialconcepts?A.Byestablishingfinanciallyhealthycommunities.B.Bymanagingopportunitiesandrewards.C.Bysimulatingreal-lifesituations.D.Bydelayingfinancialgain.23.Aftertakingthecourse,thestudentsshouldbeableto____.A.improvetheiracademicperformanceB.acceptfinancialchallengesatanytimeC.understandpeoplefromvariousbackgroundsD.buildastablefinancialfoundationforthefutureBIwassittinginachemistrylabclassduringmyfirstyearofuniversity,nervousabouttheexperimentweweretoperform.Igrabbedapipette（吸液管）and，asIfeared，myhandstartedtoshake.Theexperiencewasdisheartening:Iwashopingtopursueacareerinscience,butIstartedtowonderwhetherthatwouldbepossible.Ithoughtmydreamshadcrashedtotheground.Iwasaboybornwithbraindamage.Myfamilymanagedtofindgooddoctorswherewelived,inLeningrad（nowSt.Petersburg）Asateenager,Ifacedalotofbullyingatschool.Feelingalone,Ijoinedastudygroupcalled“Thenaturalworld”.Ithoughtthatgettingintotheworldofanimalswouldkeepmeawayfrompeople.That'showIcameintothefieldofbiology.Atuniversity,Ienjoyedthelecturesinmyscienceclasses.Manylabtasksprovedimpossible,however.AsIstruggledwithmymood,Ireadabookaboutdepression.Fromthenon,thephysiologyofmentaldisordersbecamemyscientificpassion.Ilookedintowhatwasbeingdonelocallyandwasexcitedtodiscoveralabthatdidbehavioralexperimentsinratstostudydepression.Attheendofmysecondyear,IapproachedtheprofessorofthelabtoseewhetherIcouldworkwithher.IwasafraidtoadmitIcouldn'tdosomelabtasks.Tomyrelief,shewascompletelysupportive.Shesetmetoworkperformingbehavioralexperimentsforothersinthelabwiththehelpofcolleagues.Ilovedthesupportiveatmosphereandstayedtheretocompletemymaster'sandPh.D.I'vecometorealizethatmyhandsaren'tthebarrierIthoughttheywere.Bymakinguseofmyabilitiesandworkingaspartofateam,I'vebeenabletofollowmypassions.I'vealsorealizedthatthere'smuchmoretobeingascientistthanperformingthephysicallabor.Imaynotcollectallthedatainmypapers,butI'mfullycapableofdesigningexperimentsandinterpretingresults,which,tome,isthemostexcitingpartofscience.24.Whatwastheauthor'sdream?A.Toliveanormallife.B.Tobecomeascientist.C.Togetamaster'sdegree.D.Torecoverfromdepression.25.TheauthorsaidhewasluckyinParagraph2because___.A.hedidn'tlosethefunctionofbothhandsB.helearnedhowtowalkattheageofoneC.hisfamilycouldaffordtoseegooddoctorsD.hisbraindamagedidn'taffecthisintellectualcapacity26.Fromthepassage,itisclearthat_____.A.theauthor'sowndepressioninspiredhimtohelpotherswithmentaldisordersB.theauthorwassurroundedbyateamwhourgedhimtofurtherhisstudyC.theauthor'slonelinessmovedhimtowardstheworldofbiologyD.theauthorfinallyfinishedthelabtasksonhisown27.Whatmessagedoestheauthorwanttoexpress?A.Lovingyourselfmakesadifference.B.Opportunityfollowspreparedpeople.C.Abrightfuturebeginswithasmalldream.D.Thesunsomehowshinestroughthestorm.CImagineasimplebloodtestthatcouldflagmostkindsofcancersattheearliest,mostcurablestage.Liquidbiopsiescould，intheory,detectatumor（肿瘤）wellbeforeitcouldbefoundbytouch,symptomsorimaging.Bloodtestscouldavoidtheneedforsurgeonstocuttissuesamplesandmakeitpossibletorevealcancerhidinginplacesneedlesandscalpelscannotsafelyreach.Theycouldalsodeterminewhattypeofcanceristakingroottohelpdoctorsdecidewhattreatmentmightworkbesttodestroyit.Liquidbiopsiesarenotyetinhand,becauseitishardtofinddefinitivecancersignalsinatubeofblood,butprogressinrecentyearshasbeenimpressive.LastyearthejournalSciencepublishedthefirstbigprospectivestudyofaliquidbiopsyforDNAandproteinsfrommultipletypesofcancers.Thoughfarfromperfect,thebloodtestcalledCancerSEEKfound26tumorsthathadnotbeendiscoveredwithconventionalscreenings.LiquidbiopsiescanrelyonavarietyofbiomarkersinadditiontotumorDNAandproteins,suchasfree-floatingcancercellsthemselves.Butwhatmakesthesearchdifficult,AnaRobles,acancerbiologistoftheNationalCancerInstitute,explains,isthat“ifyouhaveanearly-stagecancerorcertaintypesofcancer,theremightnotbealotoftumorDNA,”andtestsmightmissit.Theidealbloodtestwillbebothveryspecificandverysensitivesothateventinytumorscanbefound.Totacklethischallenge,CancerSEEKlooksforcancer-specificmutations（突变）on16genes，andforeightproteinsthatarelinkedtocancerandforwhichtherearehighlysensitivetests.Simpledetectionisnottheonlygoal.Anidealliquidbiopsywillalsodeterminethelikelylocationofthecancersothatitcanbetreated.“Mutationsareoftensharedamongdifferentkindsofcancer,soifyoufindtheminblood,youdon'tknowifthatmutationiscomingfromastomachcancerorlungcancer,”saysAnirbanMaitra,acancerscientistattheAndersonCancerCenter.Tosolvethatproblem,somenewerliquidbiopsieslookforchangesingeneexpression.Suchchanges,Maitranotes,are“moreorgan-specific”.Onthenearerhorizonareliquidbiopsiestohelppeoplealreadydiagnosedwithcancer.Lastyearthegovernmentapprovedthefirsttwosuchtests,whichscanfortumorDNAsodoctorscanselectmutation-targeteddrugs.Scientistsareworkingonbloodteststodetectthefirstsignsofcancerrecurrence（复发）inpatientswhohavecompletedtreatment.Thisworkismovingfast,butdoesitsavelives?ThatisthequestioncompaniessuchasThriveandGrailmustanswerfortheirbroadlyambitiousscreeningtests.“Thesecompanieshavetoprovethattheycandetectearlycancerand,moreimportant,thattheearlydetectioncanhaveanimpactoncancersurvival,”Maitraobserves.28.Accordingtothepassage,liquidbiopsiesareexpectedto__.A.flagcanceranddeterminethetreatmentB.detectcancersignalsfromasampleofbloodC.takeimagesoftumorsandpreventpotentialcancersD.showtypesofcancerbymeasuringtheamountofproteins29.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Signsofcancerrecurrencearenotdetectable.B.Differentkindsofcancerhavedifferentgenemutations.C.BiomarkersaremuchmorereliablethantumorDNAandproteins.D.Organ-specificcancerswillbeidentifiedthroughchangesingeneexpression.30.TheauthorismostlyconcernedaboutwhetherA.liquidbiopsiescandiscovertumorsconventionalscreeningscan'tfindB.liquidbiopsiescanimprovetheapplicationofmutation-targeteddrugsC.liquidbiopsiescanhelpsavethelivesofthosewithcancerD.liquidbiopsiescanbedevelopedforcancerpreventionDTechnologyseemsto.discourageslow,immersivereading.Readingonascreen,particularlyaphonescreen,tiresyoureyesandmakesitharderforyoutokeepyourplace.Soonlinewritingtendstobemoreskimmableandlist-likethanprint.ThecognitiveneuroscientistMaryWaltarguedrecentlythatthis“newnorm”ofskimreadingisproducing“aninvisible,game-changingtransformation"inhowreadersprocesswords.Theneuronalcircuitthatsustainsthebrain'scapacitytoreadnowfavorstherapidabsorptionofinformation,ratherthanskillsdevelopedbydeeperreading,likecriticalanalysis.Weshouldn'toverplaythisdanger.Allreadersskim.Skimmingistheskillweacquireaschildrenaswelearntoreadmoreskillfully.Fromabouttheageofnine,oureyesstarttobouncearoundthepage,readingonlyaboutaquarterofthewordsproperly,andfillinginthegapsbyinference.Noristhereanythingnewinthesefearsaboutdecliningattentionspans（持续时间）.Sofar，theanxietieshaveprovedtobefalsealarms.“Quiteafewcriticshavebeenworriedaboutattentionspanlatelyandseeveryshortstoriesassignsofculturaldecline,”theAmericanauthorSelvinBrownwrote.“Nooneeversaidthatpoemswereevidenceofshortattentionspans."AndyettheInternethascertainlychangedthewayweread.Forastart,itmeansthatthereismoretoread,becausemorepeoplethaneverarewriting.Ifyoutimetravelledjustafewdecadesintothepast,youwouldwonderathowlittlewritingwashappeningoutsideaclassroom.Anddigitalwritingismeantforrapidreleaseandresponse.Anonlinearticlestartsformingacommentstringunderneathassoonasitispublished.Thismodeofwritingandreadingcanbeinteractiveandfun.Butoftenittreatsotherpeople＇swordsassomethingtobequicklyharvestedasfodder（素材）tosaysomethingelse.Everyonetalksoverthetopofeveryoneelse,desperatetobeheard.Perhapsweshouldslowdown.Readingisconstantlypromotedasasocialgoodandsourceofpersonalachievement.Butthisadvocacyoftenemphasizes“enthusiastic”,“passionate”or"eager”reading,noneofwhichadjectivessuggestslow,quietabsorption.Toaslowreader,apieceofwritingcanonlybefullyunderstoodbyimmersingoneselfinthewordsandtheirslowcomprehensionofalineofthought.Theslowreaderislikeaswimmerwhostopscountingthenumberofpoollapshehasdoneandjustenjoyshowhisbodyfeelsandmovesinwater.Thehumanneedforthiskindofdeepreadingistootenaciousforanynewtechnologytodestroy.Weoftenassumethattechnologicalchangecan'tbestoppedandhappensinonedirection,sothatoldermedialike“dead-tree”booksarekickedoutbynewer,morevirtualforms.Inpractice,oldertechnologiescancoexistwithnewones.TheKindlehasnotkilledofftheprintedbookanymorethanthecarkilledoffthebicycle.Westillwanttoenjoyslowly-formedideasandcarefully-chosenwords.Eveninafast-movingage,thereistimeforslowreading.31.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsSelvinBrown'sopinion?A.Favorable.B.Critical.C.Doubtful.D.Objective.32.Theauthorwouldprobablyagreethat_.A.advocacyofpassionatereadinghelpspromoteslowreadingB.digitalwritingleadstotoomuchspeakingandnotenoughreflectionC.thepublicshouldbeawareoftheimpactskimminghasonneuronalcircuitsD.thenumberofInternetreadersisdecliningduetotheadvancesoftechnology33.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tenacious”inParagraph6probablymean?A.Comprehensive.B.Complicated.C.Determined.D.Apparent.34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.SlowReadingIsHeretoStayB.DigitalTechnologyPreventsSlowReadingC.Screenvs.Print:WhichRequiresDeepReading?D.ReadingIsNotaRace:TheWonderofDeepReading第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空自处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Adultsareoftenembarrassedaboutaskingforaid.It'sanactthatcanmakepeoplefeelemotionallyunsafe.35Seekingassistancecanfeellikeyouarebroadcastingyourincompetence.Newresearchsuggestsyoungchildrendon'tseekhelpinschool,evenwhentheyneedit,forthesamereason.Untilrecently,psychologistsassumedthatchildrendidnotstarttocareabouttheirreputationandtheirfriends'thoughtsaboutthemuntilaroundagenine.Butourresearchsuggeststhatasearlyasageseven,childrenbegintoconnectaskingforhelpwithlookingincompetentinfrontofothers.Atsomepoint,everychildstrugglesintheclassroom.36Tolearnmoreabouthowchildrenthinkaboutreputation,wecreatedsimplestoriesandthenaskedchildrenquestionsaboutthesesituationstoallowkidstoshowcasetheirthinking.Acrossseveralstudies,weasked576children,agesfourtonine,topredictthebehavioroftwokidsinastory.Oneofthecharactersgenuinelywantedtobesmart,andtheothermerelywantedtoseemsmarttoothers.Inonestudy,wetoldchildrenthatbothkidsdidpoorlyonatest.37Thefour-year-oldswereequallylikelytochooseeitherofthetwokidsastheonewhowouldseekhelp.Butbyagesevenoreight,childrenthoughtthatthekidwhowantedtoseemsmartwouldbelesslikelytoaskforassistance.Andchildren'sexpectationsweretruly“reputational”innature-theywerespecificallythinkingabouthowthecharacterswouldactinfrontofothers.Whenassistancecouldbesoughtprivately（onacomputerratherthaninperson）,childrenthoughtbothcharacterswereequallylikelytoaskforit.38Teacherscouldgivechildrenmoreopportunitiestoseekassistanceprivately.Theyshouldalsohelpstudentsrealizeaskingquestionsinfrontofothersasnormal,positivebehavior.39Parentscouldpointouthowachild'squestionkickedoffavaluableconversationinwhichtheentirefamilygottotalkandlearntogether.Adultscouldpraisekidsforseekingassistance.Theseresponsessendastrongsignalthatotherpeoplevalueawillingnesstoaskforaidandthatseekinghelpispartofapathtosuccess.A.Kidscouldbeafraidtoasktheirparentsforhelp.B.Seekinghelpcouldevenbetaughtassociallydesirable.C.Inanotherstudywetoldthemthatonlyonekiddidpoorly.D.Suchreputationalbarrierslikelyrequirereputation-basedsolutions.E.Themomentyouaskfordirections,afterall,yourevealthatyouarelost.F.Butiftheyareafraidtoaskforhelpbecausetheirclassmatesarewatching,learningwillsuffer.G.Wethenaskedwhichofthesecharacterswouldbemorelikelytoraisetheirhandinfrontoftheirclasstoasktheteacherforhelp.第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。InMartinCounty,Florida,twonon-profitorganizationshavecometogethertoplantseedsofhopethroughcommunitygardening.Recently,theHouseofHopecharityforthehomelessandpeoplewithaddictionsandothermentalhealthissuespartneredwithProjectL.I.F.T.,anorganizationthathelpsat-riskteens,togrowcommunitygardensinfoursmalltownsacrossthecounty.TheteensinProjectL.I.F.T.'sprogram--manyofthemaged14-19whoarealsostrugglingwithaddictions,managingmentalhealthorlegalissues--visitthegardenseverydayafterschoolwheretheygrowseeds,maintainandwaterplants,harvesttheproduceandlearntocreatetheirownmeals.TheytakesomeoftheproducehometotheirfamiliesbutmostissenttoHouseofHopeforthehomelesscommunity.Beyondtheneedforfood,ProjectL.I.F.T.hopedthegardenswouldprovideaneducationalopportunityfortheirteens.“We'retryingtoteachkidsnutritiontodeal