讲课肺癌英文演示文稿

讲课肺癌英文演示文稿目前一页\总数六十二页\编于十八点WhatisLungCancer?Beginswhencellsinthelunggrowoutofcontrolandformatumor目前二页\总数六十二页\编于十八点EtiologyandpathogenesisCigarettesmokingOtherfactorsincludeairpollutionsNowadaysItisreportedthattuberculosisisassociatedwiththeincidenceoflungcancer

目前三页\总数六十二页\编于十八点ClassificationsAccordingtoanatomy:(1)Centrallung(2)peripherallungcancer目前四页\总数六十二页\编于十八点目前五页\总数六十二页\编于十八点Accordingtohistologicclassification:Smallcelllungcancer(SCLC)andNon-smallcelllungcancer(NSCLC).NSCLCincludesSquamouscellcarcinoma,largecellcarcinoma,adenocarcinoma,adenosquamouscarcinoma.目前六页\总数六十二页\编于十八点Smallcelllungcancer(SCLC)

Oat-cellcarcinoma

SCLCgrowsveryrapidlyandisveryaggressive.Soonaftertheoriginalcellbecomescancerous,itquicklymultipliestoformatumor.ThesecellsswiftlyspreadtodistantsitesinthebodySCLCbelongsinagroupoftumorsderivedfromneuroendocrinecellsthatareresponsiblefortheproductionandsecretionofspecificpeptideproduct.theymayrelatedtoparaneoplasticsyndrome.目前七页\总数六十二页\编于十八点Cellsareovalorvaguelyspindle-shaped,havescantcytoplasm目前八页\总数六十二页\编于十八点目前九页\总数六十二页\编于十八点

Squamouscellcarcinomathemostfrequentformofthetumor(30-50percentofallcasesbronchialepitheliumandgrowthinsituItisrelatedtocigarettesmokingCavitationcanoccureinthedistaltotheobstructingmassCentrallocation目前十页\总数六十二页\编于十八点Intercellularbridgesandcellularpleomorphism目前十一页\总数六十二页\编于十八点目前十二页\总数六十二页\编于十八点squamouscellcarcinomausuallyoccursnearthebronchi,thetumorcancausecough(sometimesacoughthatistingedwithblood),shortnessofbreath,wheezing,andpneumoniaintheareabetweenthetumorandtheedgeofthelungitcausessymptomsearlyinthedisease

目前十三页\总数六十二页\编于十八点adenocarcinomaareasofscarringisassociatedwiththeoccurrenceofadenocarcinoma.Peripheraladenocarcinomasareusuallywell-circumscribed,grey-whitemassesthatrarelycavitate.Itarisesfromthesubmucosalglands,locatedinperipheralairwaysandalveoliFemale目前十四页\总数六十二页\编于十八点目前十五页\总数六十二页\编于十八点目前十六页\总数六十二页\编于十八点largecellcarcinoma目前十七页\总数六十二页\编于十八点largenuclei,prominentnucleoli,abundantcytoplsma目前十八页\总数六十二页\编于十八点usuallylocatedperipherallycanbequitelargeandnotinfrequentlycavitate目前十九页\总数六十二页\编于十八点theSymptomsofLungCancerFatigue(tiredness)Cough

ShortnessofbreathChestpainLossofappetiteCoughingupphlegmHemoptysis(coughingupblood)Ifcancerhasspread,symptomsincludebonepain,difficultybreathing,abdominalpain,headache,weakness,andconfusion目前二十页\总数六十二页\编于十八点Duetoprimarylesions:cough,dyspnea,hemoptysis,sputum,wheezing,weightloss,fever,pneumoniaDuetolocalextension:chestpain,hoarseness,superiorvenacavasyndrome,horner’ssyndrome,dysphagia,pericardialeffusion,pleuraleffusion,diaphragmparalysisOnly5-15percentofpatientsareasymptomaticwhendiscoveredtohavebronchogeniccarcinoma.目前二十一页\总数六十二页\编于十八点Regionnalspreadtohilarandmediastinalnodesmaycausedysphagiaduetoesophagealcompressionhorsenessduetorecurrentlaryngealnervecompressionhorner’ssyndromeduetosympatheticnerveinvolvementelevationofthehemidiaphragmfromphrenicnervecompression.目前二十二页\总数六十二页\编于十八点Superiorsulcus,orpancoast’stumormayinvolvethebrachialplexus,resultinginac7-t2neuropathywithpain,numbness,andweaknessofthearm.CardiacinvolvementisseeninAbout20-25percentofpatients

目前二十三页\总数六十二页\编于十八点Extrapulmonarymanifestations.Includingmetastasistootherorgans,suchasbrain,centralnervoussystem,skeletonsystem,liver,adrenalglandsandlymphnodesects.Paraneoplasticsyndromesareremoteeffectsoftumor.Theyleadtometabolicandneuromusculardisturbancesunrelatedtotheprimarytumor,metastases,ortreatment.Theymaybethefirstsignofthetumor.Theydonotindicatethatatumorhasspread.目前二十四页\总数六十二页\编于十八点PhysicalexaminationsUsuallyinearlystage,mostofthepatientswithlungcancerhavenopositivephysicalfindings.Generalfindingsincludeabnormalpercussion,breathsoundschanges,moistrales(whenpneumoniahappens)Digitalclubbing,superiorvenacavasyndrome,horner’ssyndrome(unilaterallyconstrictedpupil,enophthalmos,narrowedpalpebralfissureandlossofsweatingonthesamesideoftheface.目前二十五页\总数六十二页\编于十八点PhysicalexaminationsEndobronchialobstructionmayresultinalocalizedwheezeLobarcollapsemayresultinanareaofdecreasedbreathsoundsanddullnesstopercussion.目前二十六页\总数六十二页\编于十八点HowisLungCancerEvaluated?Becausealmostallpatientswillhaveatumorinthelung,achestx-rayorCTscanofthechestisperformedThediagnosismustbeconfirmedwithabiopsyThelocation(s)ofallsitesofcancerisdeterminedbyadditionalCTscans,PET(positronemissiontomography)scans,andMRI(magneticresonanceimaging)Itisimportanttofindoutifcancerstartedinthelungorsomewhereelseinthebody.Cancerarisinginotherpartsofthebodycanspreadtothelungaswell目前二十七页\总数六十二页\编于十八点ChestX-ray

ItisthemostimportantmethodtofindlungcancerThemostfrequentfindingisamassinthelungfield目前二十八页\总数六十二页\编于十八点目前二十九页\总数六十二页\编于十八点目前三十页\总数六十二页\编于十八点OnchestX-ray,secondarymanifestationsincludelobarcollapse,pleuraleffusion,pneumonitis,elevationofthehemidiaphragm,hilarandmediastinaladenopathy,anderosionofribsorvertebraeduetometastases.目前三十一页\总数六十二页\编于十八点目前三十二页\总数六十二页\编于十八点目前三十三页\总数六十二页\编于十八点Obstructiveatelectasis目前三十四页\总数六十二页\编于十八点LungcanceronCT

CTisthemostusefulinevaluatingpatientswithpulmonaryandmediastinalmasses.Itisalsousefulfordetectingmultiplemetastases.CTcanshowamasstobelocatedinwhichlobeoflungfieldandthesizeofthemass.Italsoshowsthenoduleinthemediastinum.Sometimes,whenamasslocatebehindtheheart,chestX-raycan`tdetectit.CTcandetectsomesecretsitesoflungcancer.

目前三十五页\总数六十二页\编于十八点目前三十六页\总数六十二页\编于十八点Bronchoscopy目前三十七页\总数六十二页\编于十八点RigidandflexiblescopeBiopsyandselectivewashingsLargersamplesthanflexiblescopeExactlocationLobectomyPneumonectomyUnresectableSleeve目前三十八页\总数六十二页\编于十八点目前三十九页\总数六十二页\编于十八点TransthoraciclungbiopsyItmaybeutilizedwhentumorlocatedinperipheralairway.TransthoracicneedlewithguidancebyCTcanbeusedtodetectlesionslocatednearthechestwall目前四十页\总数六十二页\编于十八点目前四十一页\总数六十二页\编于十八点VideoAssistedThoracicSurgeryDiagnosisofpleuraldiseaseWedgeresection目前四十二页\总数六十二页\编于十八点目前四十三页\总数六十二页\编于十八点Mediasteinoscopy&Mediasteinotomy目前四十四页\总数六十二页\编于十八点目前四十五页\总数六十二页\编于十八点DiagnosesunresectablediseaseEliminateN2diseasefromsurgicalresection目前四十六页\总数六十二页\编于十八点ThoracotomyIfthemethodsmentionedabovearenotusefulfordetectingthecelltypeoflungcancer,thoracotomymaybeused目前四十七页\总数六十二页\编于十八点StagingoflungcancerStagingisawayofdescribingacancer,suchasthesizeofthetumorandwhereithasspreadStagingisthemostimportanttooldoctorshavetodetermineapatient’sprognosis

ThetypeoftreatmentapersonreceivesdependsonthestageofthecancerStagingisdifferentfornon-smallcelllungcancerandsmallcelllungcancer

目前四十八页\总数六十二页\编于十八点StageINon-SmallCellLungCancerCancerisfoundonlyinthelungSurgicalremovalrecommendedRadiationtherapyand/orchemotherapymayalsobeused目前四十九页\总数六十二页\编于十八点StageIINon-SmallCellLungCancerThecancerhasspreadtolymphnodesinthelungTreatmentissurgerytoremovethetumorandnearbylymphnodesChemotherapyrecommended;radiationtherapysometimesgivenafterchemotherapy

目前五十页\总数六十二页\编于十八点StageIIINon-SmallCellLungCancerThecancerhasspreadtothelymphnodeslocatedinthecenterofthechest,outsidethelungStageIIIAcancerhasspreadtolymphnodesinthechest,onthesamesidewherethecanceroriginatedStageIIIBcancerhasspreadtolymphnodesontheoppositesideofthechest,underthecollarbone,orthepleura(liningofthechestcavity)SurgeryorradiationtherapywithchemotherapyrecommendedforstageIIIAChemotherapyandsometimesradiationtherapyrecommendedforstageIIIB

目前五十一页\总数六十二页\编于十八点StageIVNon-SmallCellLungCancerThecancerhasspreadtodifferentlobesofthelungortootherorgans,suchasthebrain,bones,andliverStageIVnon-smallcelllungcanceristreatedwithchemotherapy目前五十二页\总数六十二页\编于十八点Smallcelllungcancerhasoftenmetastasizedatthetimeofdiagnosis.TNMstagingisnotsuitedtosmallcelllungcancer.目前五十三页\总数六十二页\编于十八点TreatmentIncluding:A:SurgeryB:ChemotherapyC:RadiationtherapyD:Someothertherapyimmunologictherapy,Chinesetraditionaltherapy目前五十四页\总数六十二页\编于十八点SurgeryNon-smallcelllungcancer:patientswithstageIandIIareconsideredcandidatesforsurgicalresection,withstageIIIcancermaybecandidatesforsurgerywithpostoperativeradiationofthemediastinum.目前五十五页\总数六十二页\编于十八点目前五十六页\总数六十二页\编于十八点SurgeryWemustmeasurepulmonary