2014年陕西高考英语试题及答案详解

2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（陕西卷）第一部分：英语知识运用（共四节，满分55分）语音知识（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）从每小题的A、B、C、D四个选项中，找出其划线部分与所给单词的划线部分读音相同的选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。1.openA.become B.across C.lonely D.balcony2.teacherA.great B.heavy C.idea D.disease3.physicsA.pleasure B.music C.sure D.increase4.weatherA.warmth B.method C.theory D.breathe5.brownA.however B.sorrow C.knowledge D.owner第二节情景对话（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）根据对话情景和内容，从对话后所给的选项中选出能填入每一空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。选项中有两个为多余选项。Linda:hello,George.6George:Hi,Linda.I’mreadingatouristguidetoEurope.Linda:7George:Yes,I’mlookingforwardtosuchatrip.Hey,haveyoueverbeenthere?Linda:Yes,I’veactuallyvisitedmanycountriesinEurope:France,Germany,ItalyandAustria,forexample.George:8Andhowlonedidyoustay?Linda:Twoyearsago.Foroveronemonth.George:Didyoulikeit?Linda:9There’remanyancientchurchesandcastles.It’sthebesttripI’veevertaken.George:Soundsgreat.10Linda:Goodidea.Youwon’tregretit.A.Ofcourse.B.Notexactly.C.Whatareyoudoing?D.Whendidyougothere?E.DoyouplantomovetoEurope?F.AreyouthinkingofvisitingEuropesomeday?G.IdecidetomakethetripnextOctoberonmyannualleave.第三节语法和词汇知识（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 从每小题的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。11.—IgotthatjobIwantedatthepubliclibrary.—!That’sgoodnews.A.Goahead B.Cheers C.Congratulations D.Comeon12.It’squitehottoday.Doyoufeellikeforaswim?A.togo B.going C.go D.havinggone13.Pleasesendusalltheinformationyouhaveaboutthecandidatefortheposition.A.that B.which C.as D.what14.TheScottishgirlblueeyeswonthefirstprizeintheFifthChineseSpeechContest.A.by B.of C.in D.with15.thedelayedflightwilltakeoffdependsmuchontheweather.A.Why B.When C.That D.What16.—Youknow,Imetmygirlfriend’sparentsforthefirsttimeonlyyesterday.—?Ithoughtyou’dmetthembefore.A.Sowhat B.Pardon C.Really D.Whatfor17.Nosoonersteppedonthestagethantheaudiencebrokeintothunderousapplause.A.hadMoYan B.MoYanhad C.hasMoYan D.MoYanhas18.RalphW.Emersonwouldalwaysnewideasthatoccurredtohim.A.setoff B.setabout C.setup D.setdown19.villagewhereIwasbornhasgrownintotown.A.The;a B.A;the C.The.The D.A,a20.thedifficultmathsproblem,IhaveconsultedProfessorRussellseveraltimes.A.Workingout B.Workedout C.Toworkout D.Workout21.I’dappreciateifyoucouldletmeknowinadvancewhetherornotyouwillcome.A.it B.you C.one D.this22.DuringhisstayinXi’an,Jerrytriedalmostallthelocalfoodshisfriends.A.wouldrecommend B.hadrecommendedC.haverecommended D.wererecommending23.Wewouldratherourdaughterathomewithus,butitisherchoice,andsheisnotachildanylonger.A.wouldstay B.hasstayed C.stayed D.stay24.Theyoungcouple,whoreturnedmylostwallet,leftIcouldaskfortheirnames.A.while B.before C.after D.since25.Mybook,TheHouseofHades,ismissing.Whohavetakenit?A.need B.must C.should D.could第四节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出适合填入对应空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。ItwasMother’sDayandIwasshoppingatthelocalsupermarketwithmyfive-year-oldson,Tenyson.Aswewere26,werealizedthatonlyminutesearlieran27womanhadfallenoverattheentranceandhitherheadontheground.28waswithher,buttherewasbloodeverywhereandthewomanwasembarrassedandclearlyinshock.29,alotofpeoplestoppedtohelpout.cleaningouttheattic(阁楼)onedaywhenshecameaccrossanolddustymanuscript(手稿).Onitstoppagewerethewords,“ByO.Henry.”Itwasanicestory,andshesentittoherdaughteratSMU,whoshowedittomyfather.Myfatherhadneverreadthestorybefore,butitsoundedlikeO.Henry,andheknewthatO.HenryhadoncelivedinHouston.SoitwaspossiblethatthefamousauthorhadgonetothebeachandstayedintheGalvestonboardinghouse,andhadwrittenthestorythereandleftthemanuscriptbehindbyaccident.MyfathervisitedanO.HenryexpertatColumbiaUniversityinNewYork,whoauthenticatedthestoryasO.Henry’s. Myfatherthensetouttosellit.Eventually,hefoundhimselfinDesMoines,meetingwithGaronerCowles,atopeditorattheDesMoinesRegister.Cowleslovedthestoryandboughtitonthespot.Myfathertookthemoneytothegirl.Itwasjustenoughforhertohavetheoperationshesodesperatelyneeded. MyfathernevertoldmewhattheO.Henrystorywasabout.ButIdoubtthatiscouldhavebeenbetterthanhisownstory.49.WhofoundtheO.Henry’smanuscript?A.Thegirl’smother. B.Theauthor’sfather.C.Thegirl. D.Theauthor.50.Whichofthefollowingmightexplainthefactthatthemanuscriptwasfoundintheattic?A.O.HenryonceworkedinHouston.B.O.HenryoncestayedinGalveston.C.O.HenryoncemovedtoDesMoines.D.O.HenryoncetaughtatSMU.51.Theunderlinedword“authenticated”inParagraph2probablymeans.A.named B.treated C.proved D.described52.Accordingtothetext,whydidtheauthor’sfathergotoDesMoines?A.ToselltheO.Henrystory. B.Tomeettheauthorhimself.C.TotalkwiththeO.Henryexpert. D.Togivemoneytothegirl.C WhydoAmericansstruggleswithwatchingtheirweight,whiletheFrench,whoconsumerichfood,continuetostaythin?NowaresearchbyCornellUniversitysuggestshowlifestyleanddecisionsabouteatingmayaffectweight.ResearchersconcludethattheFrenchtendtostopeatingwhentheyfeelfull.However,AmericanstendtostopwhentheirplateisemptyortheirfavoriteTVshowisover. AccordingtoDr.JosephMercola,ahealthexpert,theFrenthseeeatingasanimportantpartoftheirlifestyle.Theyenjoyfoodandthereforespendafairlylongtimeatthetable,whileAmericansseeeatingassomethingtobesqueezedbetweentheotherdailyactivities.MercolabelievesAmericanslosetheabilitytosensewhentheyareactuallyfull.SotheykeepeatinglongaftertheFrenchwouldhavestopped.Inaddition,hepointsoutthatAmericansdrivetohugesupermarketstobuycannedandfrozenfoodsfortheweek.TheFrench,instead,tendtoshopdaily,walkingtosmallshopsandfarmers’marketswheretheyhaveachoiceoffreshfruits,vegetables,andeggsaswellashigh-qualitymeatsforeachmeal. AfteravisittotheUnitedStates,MireilleGuiliano,authorofFrenchWomenDon’tGetFat,decidedtowriteabouttheimportanceofknowingwhentostopratherthansuggestinghowtoavoidfood.Todayshecontinuestostayslimandrarelygoestothegym. Insipteofallthesedifferences,evidenceshowsthatrecentlifestylechangesmaybeaffectingFrencheatinghabits.Todaytherateofobesity—orextremeoverweight—amongadultsisonly6%.However,asAmericanfastfoodgainsacceptanceandtheyoungrejectoldertraditions,theobesityrateamongFrenchchildrenhasreached17%—andisgrowing.53.InwhatwayaretheFrenchdifferentfromAmericansaccordingtoDr.JosephMercola?A.Theygoshoppingatsupermarketsmorefrequently.B.Theysqueezeeatingbetweentheotherdailyactivities.C.Theyregardeatingasakeypartoftheirlifestyle.D.Theusuallyeattoomuchcannedandfrozenfood.54.Thistextismainlyabouttherelationshipbetween.A.AmericansandFrench B.lifestyleandobesityC.childrenandadults D.fastfoodandoverweight55.Thistextismainlydeveloped.A.bycontrast B.byspaceC.byprocess D.byclassification56.Wheredoesthistextprobablycomefrom?A.ATVinterview. B.Afoodadvertisement.C.Ahealthreport. D.Abookreview.D Oneafternoonlastweek,Isawthreetearfulchildrenfrommyson’sschoolbeingcomfortedbyteachers.Thatmorning,my11-year-oldbadstomachpains,retching(干呕)intoabowl.Talkingtoothermotherslater,Iheardaboutotherchildrenwithstomachacheordifficultysleepingthenightbefore. Whatcausedsomuchpain?Sportsday.Sportsdaymightbenecessaryatahighly-competitiveindependentschool,butnotatavillageprimaryschool.Forthechildrenwhocanflylikethewind,sportsdaycausesnoproblem.Forthosewhoareoverweightorjustnotgoodatsport,itisanightmare（恶梦）.Evenforthosewhoenjoyrunningbutfallhalfwaydownthetrackinfrontoftheentireschoolandtheirparents,itcanproveadisaster. Whydoweputourchildrenthroughthisannualsuffering?Somemaysaycompetitionischaracterbuilding;orit’stakingpart,notwinning,that’simportant;orthatitisatraditionofschoollife.Ijustfeltgreatpityforthosechildrenintearsorinpain. Teamgamesattheendofsportsdayproducedsomecloseraces,wildenthusiasm,lotsofshouting—andwerefuntowatch.Moreimportantly,thechildrenwhowerenotsofastorquickatpassingtheballwerehiddenalittlefromeveryone’seyes.Someofthemalsohadthethrillofbeingonthewinningside. Iwiththatsportsdaycouldbeabandonedandreplacedwithsomeotherless-competitiveevent.Perhapsanafternoonofteamgame,withafewracesforfhosewhowantthem,wouldbelessstressfulforthechildrenandalotmorefuntowatch.57.Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthor’ssonfromParagraph1?A.Hetalkedwithsomemothers.B.Hecomfortedhisclassmates.C.Hehaddifficultyinsleeping.D.Hesufferedfromstomachache.58.Sportsdayisstillanannualeventinthisschoolprobablybecause.A.thisisanindependentschoolB.itisatraditionoftheschoolC.ithelpschildrenloseweightD.childrenenjoywatchingsports59.Whatdoestheauthorthinkaboutteamgames?A.Theshouldincludemorestressfulraces.B.Theyareacceptabletodifferentchildren.C.Theyshouldbeabandonedatprimaryschools.D.Theyarelessfunforthosewholoverunning.60.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardssportsday?A.Critical. B.Neutral. C.Positive. D.Ambiguous.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 根据短文内容，从下框的A~F选项中选出能概括每一段主题的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。选项中有一项为多余项。RealwinnersoftourismNegativeeffectsoftourismGrowingtourismintheworldDevelopingtourismwithcautionBenefitstothelocalsfromtourismTourismproblemsandpossiblesolutions.61. OntheMediterraneanislandofMajoreainSpain,thelocalsareangry.Toolate.Inthelastquarterofthe20thcentuty,theyobtainedprofitfromforeignvisitorswantingtobuyuppropertyontheirbeautifulisland.SuddenlyitoccurredtoMajoreansthattheislandnolongerbelongedtothem.Its630,000inhabitants（居民）areincreasinglyconvincedthatthe14millionvisitorsayeararefartoomuchofagoodthing.Waterisinshortsupply,pollutionisworsening,andthereisnoaffordablehousingleftforthemtobuy.62. Tourismistheworld’slargestandfastestgrowingindustry.In1950,25millionpeopletraveledabroad;lastyearitwas750million.TheWorldTourismOrganizationpredictsthat1.6billionpeople,by2020,willtraveleachyear,spendingovertwotrillion.63. Thehostcountrymaynotseemanybenefits.InThailand,60%ofthe$4billionannualtourismincomeleavesthecountry.Touristsarrangedbytravelcompaniestendtostayatbigforeign-ownedhotels,buyingfewlocalprodects.Masstourism(旅游团队)usuallyleaveslittlemoneyinsidethecountryandmostofthemoneygoestotheairlines,thetouroperators,andtheforeignhotelowners,whoarethefinalwinneroftourism.64. Thesedaystheindustry’smosturgentquestionmaybehowtocontroltheflowoftourists.AtypicalexampleofthisisItaly,wheregreatculturalcenterslikeFlorenceandVenicecan’thandleallthetouriststheygeteverysummer.InFlorence,itshalf-millioninhabitantshavetolivewiththepolution,trafficjam,andcrimecausedby11millionvisitorsayear.Nowthere’stalkabouthowtosolvetheseproblems,likeraisinghoteltaxes,orevenchargingadmissiontosomepublicsquares.Theideaistodiscourageatleastsomevisitors,aswellastopayforcleaningupthemess.61. Formanypoorercontries,tourismmaystillofferthebesthopefordevelopment.TheVietnamesearedoingtheirbesttoopenuptheircountry.Libyahaspaid$1millionforastudy.Theyallwanttourists.Yetifsomethingisn’tdone,tourismseemscertaintobecomethevictimofitsownsuccess.Itseffectontheenvironmentisamajorconcern.Forthisreason,touristorganizationsneedtohavesecondthoughtsaboutwhatexactlytheyaretrytosell.第三部分：写作（共三节，满分55分）第一节单词拼写（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 根据下列各句句意和空白之后的汉语提示词，在答题卡指定区域的横线上写出对应单词的正确、完整形式，每空只写一词。66.Thefirstfewweeksofthis(春天)wereunusuallycold.67.Takethelifttothe(第十)floor,andyouwillfindthegym.68.Wecaneatoutifyoulike,butIwould(更喜欢)tostayin.69.Keepinmindthatitisashameto(浪费)food.70.Itwas(勇敢的)ofMarytoquitherjobandstartherownbusiness.71.I’mhappythatmy80yearoldgrandmahaslearnedhowto(下载)fromtheInternet.72.Theyfailedtoreachasettlement,becausethey(不同意)toomuchwitheachother.73.Menandwomenmustbetreated(平等地)ineducationandemployment.74.OnJune27,2012,theJiaolongreacheda(深度)of7,062metresinthePacificOcean.75.Theadvertisementforengineersinthelocalpaperattractedmany(申请人).第二节短文改错（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词出加一个漏词符号（＾），并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。 修改：在错的词下划一横线（__），并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1.每处错误及修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。 MyfathertookmeoutcampingforthefirsttimewhenIwasseven.Hewantedteachmeaboutanimals,insectsandtrees.Myunclesallcomealongwithbowsandarrowsforhunting. Oneeveningatsunset,wesatbythefire,haveourbarbecue.Justthenabirdwasflyingoverus.Myunclesimmediatejumpedupandshottheirarrowsonthebird.Neitherofthearrowshitthetarget.Suddenlythearrowswasflyingdownatusfromthesky—theywerelookedlikerain!Werantoescapebutfortunatelynoonewasinjured. ThatdayIdidn’tlearnmuchaboutanimals,insectsortrees,butIlearntaimpressivelessonaboutgravity!第三节书面表达（满分30分） 假定你是中学生李华。美国一个中学校长代表团即将访问你校并出席英语周的一项活动。请根据写作要点和写作要求写一篇欢迎词。写作要点：1.表示对客人的欢迎； 2.介绍此项活动（如活动目的、内容等）； 3.表达对客人的祝愿。写作要求：1.词数不少于100； 2.称呼已经给出，请写欢迎词正文； 3.不能使用真实姓名和学校名称。De