阅读理解突破之词义猜测题（原卷版）

阅读理解突破之词义猜测题高考命题取向正确理解文中单词或短语的含义是理解文章的第一步，也是理解文章的基础，不懂单词含义根本就谈不上理解文章。但英语单词、短语的含义并非完全等同于词典中所标注的汉语意思，其含义随不同语境会有所不同。能根据上下文理解灵活变化的词义，才算是真正初步具备了一定的阅读理解能力。在高考阅读理解中，词义猜测题通常有以下三种情况：推测划线单词或短语的含义；推测划线代词指代含义；推测划线句子的含义。近3年全国高考细节理解题题量统计卷名年份202020212022新高考I卷211全国卷I（乙卷）111全国卷=2\*ROMANII（甲卷）112全国卷=3\*ROMANIII112技巧点拨对于推测划线单词或短语的含义，可以依据定义、同位语、文章中的例子、对比关系或比较关系、构词法、并列结构、因果关系等来解题；对于推测代词含义，可以从宏观上充分把握代词指代内容涉及段落的整体含义，并从微观入手抓住关键词或关键句，弄清逻辑关系（因果关系，转折关系，补充说明，对比关系等）来解题；关于推测划线句含义，采用三步法—一定位，返回原文，定位划线句子，理清句子结构；二分析，分析划线句子前后语境，根据关键信息和逻辑关系（因果关系，转折关系，补充说明，对比关系等）合理推断句意；三比较，比较选项，找出与推断出的句义相似的选项。高考典题例析推测划线单词或短语的含义例1(2022·全国甲卷)AsGinniBazlintonreachedAntarctica,shefoundherselfgreetedbyagroupoflittleGentoopenguins(企鹅)longingtosayhello.Thesegentle,lovelygatekeeperswelcomedherandkick-startedwhatwastobeatripGinniwouldneverforget.Eversinceherchildhood,Ginni,now71,hashadadeeplovefortravel.Throughouthercareer(职业)asaprofessionaldancer,shetouredintheUK,butalwayslongedtoexplorefurther.Whensheretiredfromdancingandhersonseventuallyflewthenest,shedecideditwastimetotaketheplunge.

AftertakingadegreeatChichesterUniversityinRelatedArts,Ginnibegantotraveltheworld,eventuallygettingworkteachingEnglishinJapanandChile.AnditwasinChileshediscoveredshecouldgetlast-minutecheapdealsonshipsgoingtoAntarcticafromtheislandsoffTierradelFuego,thesouthernmosttipoftheSouthAmericanmainland.“IjustdecidedIwantedtogo,”shesays.“IhadnoideaaboutwhatI'dfindthereandIwasn'tnervous,Ijustwantedtodoit.AndIwantedtodoitaloneasIalwayspreferitthatway.”InMarch2008,Ginniboardedashipwith48passengersshe'dnevermetbefore,tobeginthejourneytowardsAntarctica.“Fromseeingthewildlifetowitnessingsunrises,thewholeexperiencewasamazing.Antarcticaleftanimpressiononmethatnootherplacehas,”Ginnisays.“IrememberthefirsttimeIsawahumpbackwhale;itjustroseoutofthewaterlikesomeprehistoriccreatureandIthoughtitwassmilingatus.Youcouldstillheartheoperaticsoundsitwasmakingunderwater.”Therealizationthatthisisapreciousland,toberespectedbyhumans,wasoneofthebiggestthingsthathithometoGinni.28.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“taketheplunge”underlinedinparagraph2?A.Trychallengingthings.B.Takeadegree.C.Bringbacklostmemories.D.Sticktoapromise.28.【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据第二段“Throughouthercareerasaprofessionaldancer,shetouredintheUK,butalwayslongedtoexplorefurther.Whensheretiredfromdancingandhersonseventuallyflewthenest,shedecideditwastimetotaketheplunge.”可知,在她的舞蹈演员职业生涯中,她曾在英国巡演,但一直渴望进一步探索。在她不再跳舞且她的儿子们最终成家立业后,她决定是时候冒险了。据此可以判断,taketheplunge意为“尝试具有挑战性的事情”。故选A。例2(2022·全国乙卷)Canasmallgroupofdrones(无人机)guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand,atthesametime,helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtoday's“eyesinthesky”technologytomakingsurethatthemillionsofkilometresofrailtracksandinfrastructure(基础设施)worldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7basis.Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints.Themoreregularlytheycanbeinspected,themorerailwaysafety,reliabilityandon-timeperformancewillbeimproved.Costswouldbecutandoperationswouldbemoreefficient(高效)acrosstheboard.Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety.ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrews'efforts.Byusingthelatesttechnologies,dronescouldalsostartprovidinghigher-valueservicesforrailways,detectingfaultsintherailorswitches,beforetheycancauseanysafetyproblems.Toperformthesetasks,dronesforraildon'tneedtobeflyingoverhead.Engineersarenowworkingonanewconcept:theraildronesofthefuture.Theywillbemovingonthetrackaheadofthetrain,andprogrammedtorunautonomously.VerysmalldroneswithadvancedsensorsandAIandtravellingaheadofthetraincouldguideitlikeaco-pilot.Withtheirabilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem,sothatfast-movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.29.Whatdoes“maintenance”underlinedinparagraph3referto?A.Personnelsafety.B.Assistancefromdrones.C.Inspectionandrepair.D.Constructionofinfrastructure.29.【解析】选C。词义猜测题。根据后文“ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.(据统计,仅欧洲铁路公司每年在铁路维护上的花费就约为200亿欧元,其中包括经常在夜间派遣维修人员检查和维修铁路基础设施。)”可知,花在“maintenance”上的费用是用于“inspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure(检查和维修铁路基础设施)”的,由此可知“Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety.”是指大幅节省检修成本和更好地保护铁路人员的安全,画线词和C项:Inspectionandrepair(检修)含义相近。故选C。推测代词含义例3(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Overthelastsevenyears,moststateshavebannedtextingbydrivers,andpublicservicecampaignshavetriedawiderangeofmethodstopersuadepeopletoputdowntheirphoneswhentheyarebehindthewheel.Yettheproblem,byjustaboutanymeasure,appearstobegettingworse.Americansarestilltextingwhiledriving,aswellasusingsocialnetworksandtakingphotos.Roadaccidents,whichhadfallenforyears,arenowrisingsharply.Thatispartlybecausepeoplearedrivingmore,butMarkRosekind,thechiefoftheNationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministration,saiddistracted(分心)drivingwas“onlyincreasing,unfortunately.”“Bigchangerequiresbigideas.”hesaidinaspeechlastmonth,referringbroadlytotheneedtoimproveroadsafety.Sototrytochangeadistinctlymodernbehavior,lawmakersandpublichealthexpertsarereachingbacktoanoldapproach:Theywanttotreatdistracteddrivinglikedrunkdriving.AnideafromlawmakersinNewYorkistogivepoliceofficersanewdevicecalledtheTextalyzer.Itwouldworklikethis:AnofficerarrivingatthesceneofacrashcouldaskforthephonesofthedriversandusetheTextalyzertocheckintheoperatingsystemforrecentactivity.Thetechnologycoulddeterminewhetheradriverhadjusttexted,emailedordoneanythingelsethatisnotallowedunderNewYork'shands-freedrivinglaws.“Weneedsomethingonthebooksthatcanchangepeople'sbehavior,”saidFélixW.Ortiz,whopushedforthestate's2001banonhand-helddevicesbydrivers.IftheTextalyzerbillbecomeslaw,hesaid,“peoplearegoingtobemoreafraidtoputtheirhandsonthecellphone.”10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“something”inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Advice. B.Data.C.Tests. D.Laws.10.【解析】选D。代词指代题。画线词所在的句子的意思是“我们需要一些能改变人们行为的有案可查的东西。”由此可知,something指能够改变人们的行为的有案可查的东西。根据下文的IftheTextalyzerbillbecomeslaw,hesaid,“peoplearegoingtobemoreafraidtoputtheirhandsonthecellphone.”可知,something指代的是法律。故选D。例4推测划线句含义(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Wejournalistsliveinanewageofstorytelling,withmanynewmultimediatools.Manyyoungpeopledon'tevenrealizeit'snew.Forthem,it'sjustnormal.ThishithomeformeasIwassittingwithmy2-year-oldgrandsononasofaovertheSpringFestivalholiday.Ihadbroughtachildren'sbooktoread.Ithadsimplewordsandcolorfulpictures—aperfectmatchforhisage.

Picturethis:mygrandsonsittingonmylapasIholdthebookinfrontsohecanseethepictures.AsIread,hereachesoutandpokes(戳)thepagewithhisfinger.What'supwiththat?Hejustlikesthepictures,Ithought.ThenIturnedthepageandcontinued.Hepokedthepageevenharder.Inearlydroppedthebook.Iwasconfused:Istheresomethingwrongwiththiskid?ThenIrealizedwhatwashappening.Hewasactuallyastrangertobooks.Hisfatherfrequentlyamusedtheboywithatabletcomputerwhichwasloadedwithcolorfulpicturesthatcomealivewhenyoupokethem.Hethoughtmystorybookwaslikethat.Sorry,kid.Thisbookisnotpartofyourhigh-techworld.It'sanoutdated,lifelessthing.Anantique,likeyourgrandfather.Well,Imaybeold,butI'mnothopelesslychallenged,digitallyspeaking.Ieditvideoandproduceaudio.Iusemobilepayment.I'veevenbuiltwebsites.There'sonenotablegapinmynew-mediaexperience,however:I'vespentlittletimeinfrontofacamera,sinceIhaveafacemadeforradio.Butthatdidn'tstopChinaDailyfromaskingmelastweektoshareapersonalstoryforavideoprojectabouttheintegrationofBeijing,TianjinandHebeiprovince.Anyway,grandpaisnowaninternetstar—twominutesoffame!Ipromisenottoletitgotomyhead.ButIwillmakesuremy2-year-oldgrandsonseesitonhistablet.4.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“hithomeforme”meaninparagraph2?A.Providedshelterforme.B.Becameverycleartome.C.Tookthepressureoffme.D.Workedquitewellonme.4.【解析】选B。词语猜测题。第一段提到:作者是记者,生活在一个讲故事的新时代,有许多新的多媒体工具。许多年轻人甚至没有意识到它是新的。对他们来说,这很正常。含有画线词语的句子承接上文,表示“而在春节假期,我和两岁的孙子坐在沙发上,尤其清楚地认识到了这一点”。故画线词语意思是“我很清楚”。故选B。模拟演练A潮南区2022-2023学年度第二学期期初高三摸底考试Hepassedawaymanyyearsago.Fatheroftheyear(年度最佳父亲),mydadwasnot.Thatsaid,insomeways,hewasabetterparentthanmanydadsaretoday.Helovedtoattendmyhockey(曲棍球)games.HetiedmyskatesforyearswhenIwasyoung.Buthedidn’tgotoasingleoneofthehundredsofsoccergamesIplayedasakid.Ididn’tcare.AllIwantedfrommyparentswasaridetothegame.Iwastheretoseemyfriends,notperformforMomandDad.That’swhyIdon’tunderstandhelicopterparents,theoneswhosufferfromgreatguiltandshameiftheycan’tmakeeverysinglepianopracticeorfootballgame.Yourkidsprobablydon’tcare.Letthemgoandhavesomefun.Allthatmattersisthatyoudropthemoffandpickthemupontime.Consistencyisking.Ofcourse,whenkidsarereallyyoung,theywanttospendtimewithyou.Andtheywantyou,theparent,tobefocusedonspendingtimewiththem,notcheckingyourphone.“Whereveryouare,bethere,”saidthegreatJimRohn.Mydadneverhadacellphone.HeneverusedtheInternet.Idon’teventhinkheevertouchedacomputer.Butevenifhedidhaveaphone,Ican’timaginehimcheckingwhenwewouldplaycatchinthebackyard.Hewaspresent.Everydayinthesummer,rightafterlunch,we’dplaycatch.He’dteachmehowtothrowacurveball(曲线球).Sometimeshe’dpitchtome,andwhenhe’dhitmewithafastball,he’dsay,“That’lltoughenyouup.”We’dplayuntilwelostalloftheballsinthegarden,notuntilhewasdistractedbyacellphone.JimRohnwouldhaveapprovedofhispresence,althoughperhapsnothisattitudeaboutfastballs.1.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“helicopterparents”inparagraph3referto?A.Theparentswhocanflyhelicopters.B.Theparentswhopickuptheirkidsontime.C.Theparentswhoenjoyparticipatinginsports.D.Theparentswhofocustoomuchontheirkids.B（2023辽宁朝阳高三期末）Youdon’tneedtobeanexperttorecognizelunamoths(蚕蛾).Theyhavehairywhitebodies,redlegsandhugegreenwingsthatstretchupto4.5inchesacross.Andattheendoftheirwingsareapairoflongtailsthathaveattractedscientistsforcenturies.Someofthemtheorizedthatitwaspossiblethatfemalemothsjudgedthehealthandqualityofamalebythesizeofhistails.Butitturnedoutthatfemalemothswerenotchoosyatall.Theyjustmatewiththefirstmalestheycouldfind.Othersbelievedthatthetailscouldincreaselunamoths’sizetomakethemharderforthebats-themainenemyoflunamoths—tohandle.Butthetheoryprovedwrongin1903whenascientistnamedArchibaldWeeksputbatsagainstabiggerspeciesofmothsthatlackedtails.Hefoundthatthebatskilled66%oftheirtargets.Lunamoths,despitebeingsmaller,werehardertocatch.“Clearly,theirtailsprovidedananti-batadvantage,”Weeksobserved.“Ithinktheywereusedtodirectbatsawayfromthemoths’body.”Hewasroughlyright.Morethanacenturylater,JesseBarberfromBoiseStateUniversityputlunamothsagainstbatsinadarkroomandfilmedthehunting.Undernormalcircumstances,thebatsonlymanagedtocatch35%ofthelunamoths.ButifBarbercutofftheirtailsbeforehand,thebatscaught81%ofthem.Thatwasnotbecausethemothsbecameworsefliers—infact,cuttingthetroublesometailsseemedtohaveimprovedtheirflyingabilities.Barberexplainedthatbatswerenotvisualhunters.Theyfoundtheirfoodwithaspecialsound.Tobeprotectedfrombats,lunamothsneededsomethingthatmadeconfusingsounds.Thatwaswhatthelunamoths’tailsdid:Astheyflew,theywavedbehindthemandproducedsoundsthatweresimilartotheirwingbeats.Tobats,theyeithersoundedlikeahugepartoftheirtarget,orlikeanentirelydifferenttarget.Asaresult,theyaimedabouthalftheirattacksatthetails.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Bats. B.Wings. C.Lunamoths. D.Tailbeats.C(江苏省镇江市2022-2023学年度第一学期高三期中试卷)“Unlikememoryfunctionsthattendtodecreasewithage,expertknowledgeoftencontinuestoaccumulateaswegetolder.Thismakesitanareaofstrengthinolderadultsthatwemaybeabletocontrolandusetomitigateage-relatedmemorydeclineandimprovequalityoflifeforthisgroup,”saysDr.ErikWing,apostdoctoralfellowatBaycrest’sRotmanResearchInstitute.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mitigate”meaninParagraph4?A.Confirm. B.Delay. C.Preserve. D.Follow.D(山东中学联盟2023届高三百校大联考)Althoughtheperformancedecreasesovertimeasthepaperdriesout,itcanbetoppeduptosomeextentwithmorewater.Theresearcherssaytheywanttoimprovetheefficiencyofthebatteryinthefuture,andgetitworkingforlonger.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“toppedup”inparagraph4mean?A.Declined B.Maintained C.Increased D.ChangedE(南通市如皋市2022-2023学年度高三年级第一学期期初调研)NevercanIforgetthegloryofherfacewhenshetalksabouthowtrulybeautifulthisworldis.IfIsearchbackmylovefortheenvironmentandgeography,Ifindhertobethesourceofmyloveforpreservingnature.IfonedayIbecameanenvironmentalist,IknowthatI’llthankherforit.Apartfromthis,shehasalwaysgreetedmewithopenarmsandshecallsherstudents“mychildren”.Mrs.Monaf’smoralsandvaluesrubbedoffonmedeeplyandIhavealwaystakenaccountofheradvice.Shehasbeenoneofthemostconsistentlygoodthingsinmylife.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“rubbedoffon”inparagraph3mean?A.Scratchedoff. B.Tookon. C.Crossedoff. D.Impactedon.F云南玉溪市2023届高三毕业生第一次教学质量检测WhenstudentsfromLithgowvisitedwetlandsneartheirprimaryschool,theyquicklypickeduponaproblem:therewasnowhereforturtles.“Abunchofstudentssaidtherearenologsorrockshere,sowherearetheygoingtobask(晒太阳)?”saysAssociateProfessorRickySpencerfromWesternSydneyUniversity.Thequestionwasraisedaspartofaprojectinwhichyear5and6studentswereattemptingtounderstandtheirlocalenvironmentandwhatitneededtothrive(兴旺).Thestudentshadjustlearnedthatinspring,turtleshavetobaskonarockorlogtocreateeggs.Thestudentsarenowconductingresearchanddevelopingaproposaltopresenttotheirlocalcouncilfortheintroductionofnewbaskingareas,suchaslogsorhuman-madeplatforms.“Thatisprettypowerful,foryear5andyear6studentstoactuallyknowhowtomakechange,”Spencersays.“Wewantkidstounderstandwhyconservationmeasuresareimportant.”LedbyWesternSydneyUniversity,theTurtlesinSchoolsprogramaimstoencourageaninformedfuturegenerationthatwilltakecareoftheenvironment.Itiscurrentlyinatrialphase,withselectNewSouthWalesschoolshostingturtlesinclassroomsandvisitingnearbywetlands.By2023,upto10turtletankswillbeinstalled(安装)inschools.By2024,theprogramwillbeavailabletoallyear5and6classroomsacrossAustralia.Byguidingexperimentsontopicssuchasgrowthratesandbehaviouralobservations,andintroducingschoolstoactivitiesintheirlocalwetlands,Spencersaysthisprogramcouldencouragestudentstoactuallycarrytheireducationforwardtotheirday-to-daylife.PresbyterianLadies’Collegehasbeeninvestinginfacilitiesincludingaturtlepondforsixyears.TheywillbeavailablefornearbyschoolsinvolvedintheTurtlesinSchoolsprogram.“Wewanttoconnectstudentstotherealworld,todevelopvaluestolookaftertheenvironment.Ourstudentsbecomefamiliarwithunderstandingourrelationshiptothenaturalworld.Weareconnectedtoit.Werelyuponit.Itisn’tsomethingdispensable,”theprincipal,DrPaulBergis,says.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dispensable”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Unnecessary. B.Impossible.C.Mysterious. D.Powerful.G(海安市2023届高三期中学业质量监测试卷)“Peoplethinktheirhandiswiderthanitactuallyis,”saidLongo.Hesaidtheyalsoseemedtothinktheirfingerswereshorterthantheirtruelengths.Peopleweremostaccuratewhenfindingtheirthumbs,butbecamelessaccuratewitheachfinger,uptotheirpinkies(小手指)。“Itisconnectedtooursenseofposition,”explainedLongo.Humansknowwheredifferentpartsofourbodiesare,evenifwecan’tseethem.“Ittellsuswhetherajointisstraightornot,”saidLongo.“Wealsoneedtoknowthedistancesbetweenourjoints,“hewenton.Ourbrainsknowthesizesandshapesofourbodiesfromthemapstheymakeforthemselves.“Thisexperimenttriedtofindthosemaps,”hesaid.7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“It”inParagraph4referto?A.Thesizeofthehand. B.Themisbeliefpeoplehad.C.Themapthebrainmakes. D.Thepositionofeachbodypart.H(南京市2023届高三年级学情调研)Watchingyourkidslearnnewskillsisextraordinarilyrewarding,butI’veexperiencedmorepersonalgrowththanIhaveatanyotherpointinmylife.Lastyear,afterawinterofpracticingskiingonthegreentracksforbeginnerseachweek,Aliciawasfrench-fryingherwaydownbluesandevenattemptedherfirstblack.Thatmonthalsowitnessedmevisitingthemountainmoretimesthaninthe15yearscombinedandI’vegotmyselfapartnerforlife.8.Whatdoesthefatherimplybysaying“I’vegotmyselfapartnerforlife.”?A.Itisrewardingtolearnnewskills. B.Skiinghasbecomehislifelonghobby.C.Hewillexploremorewithhisdaughter. D.Hisdaughterwillaccompanyhimforever.I(海安市2023届高三期初学业质量监测试卷)InthevillagesoftheEnglishcountryside,therearestillpeoplewhorememberthegoodolddayswhennoonebotheredtolocktheirdoors.Theresimplywasn’tanycrimetoworryabout.Amazingly,thesehappytimesappearstilltobewithusintheworld’sbiggestcommunity.AnewstudybyDanFarmer,agiftedprogrammer,usinganautomatedinvestigativeprogramofhisowncalledSATAN,showsthattheownersofwelloverhalfofallWorldWideWebsiteshavesetuphomewithoutfittinglockstotheirdoors.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph2mean?A.ManyInternetsitesarenotwellprotected. B.Thosehappytimesappearstilltobewithus.C.Theresimplywasn’tanycrimetoworryabout. D.Hackersdon’tactuallybreakintoanInternetsite.J(山东省菏泽市2023届高三二模考试)MarissaSumathipala,astudentatBroadRunHighSchooloutsideofWashington,D.C,waspracticingwithherrecreationalfigure-skatingteamwhenshecrashedwithanotherskater.Herheadhitagainsttheiceheavily.Everythingwentblack.Uptothatpoint,Sumathipala’sentirelifehadcentredaroundhersport—herdailyschedule,exerciseroutine,evenherdiet.Shehadhopesofmakingthe2018Olympicteam.Thefallontheicewouldchangeeverything,includingherdirection.Sumathipalahadabraininjuryanditendedherskatingcareer.Symptomslastedforyears.Hermemoryfeltunclearattimes.She’dfindherselfdizzy,sick,orexhausted.Sumathipalaconsulteddoctors,somanythatshe“lostcount.”Butnoonehadanswers.Sumathipalabegantorealizethattherewassomuchunknownaboutthebrain.Shesetouttofindtheanswersherself,apaththatwouldeventuallybringhertoHarvardUniversity,whereshe’dconcentrateinthehumanbrain.Throughoutherfouryears,Surmathipalahomedinonbrainscience.SheworkedwiththeMcCarrollLabatHarvardMedicalSchool,helpingdevelopanewmethodforsequencingsynapses(神经突序列)inthebrain,whicharecrucialformemoryandlearning.Evenasanundergraduate,hercolleaguesweresostruckbyhowmatureherthinkingalreadywasaboutsciencethatshequicklybecameatrustedandvaluedmemberofthelab.Also,SumathipalacompetedwiththeHarvardFigureSkatingCluballfouryears.Shehelpedincreaseitsmembershipandintroducednewskaterstothesportshestillloves.“Ispentalongtimestrugglingwithmyidentity,”shesaid.“GrowingupIwasjustaskaterandthen,whenIgotinjured,Ihadtorebuildmyidentity.ThenIwasascientist.Now,Iidentifyasbeingbothaskaterandascientist.”ReflectingonheryearsatHarvard,Sumathipalasaidoneofthethingsshe’smostgratefulforisseeinghowthingshavecomefullcircleforher.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“homedinon”inparagraph4probablymean?A.focusedon B.returnedto C.attendedto D.stayedatK(山东省2022-2023学年高三十月百校联考)Inaworldwheremanyofusgiveallourattentiontosmartphones,DulcieCowlingisdifferent.Shehasgotridofhers.This36-year-oldwomandecided,latelastyear,togiveuphersmartphonetoimprovehermentalhealth.AtChristmas,shetoldherfamilyandfriendsthatshewasgoingtochangehersmartphoneforanoldcellphone,withwhichshecouldonlymakeandreceivecallsandtextmessages.Sheremembersthatoneofthecrucialmomentsthatledhertomakesuchadecisionwasadayintheparkwithher2children,aged6and3.“Iwasintheparkwiththechildren,staringatthemobilephone.WhenIlookedup,alloftheparents—upto20—werelookingattheirphones,continuallyswipingacrossthescreen,”shesays.“Iwonderwhenthishappenedtous.Wearemissingreallife!”Roughly,9outof10peopleintheUKownsmartphones.Andpeopleareaddictedtothem.Arecentstudyfoundthattheaveragepersonspends4.8hoursadayontheirphones.However,forasmallbutgrowingnumberofpeople,enoughisenough.Inotherwords,theyshouldn’tspendmoretimeonthephones.AlexDunedinthrewhissmartphoneintherubbishbag2yearsago.“Culturally,wehavebecomeaddictedtothesetools,”saysthiseducationalresearcherandtechnologyexpert.“Theyareweakeningcognition(认知)andimpedingproductivity.”Dunedinsaysanotherreasonbehindhisdecisionwasenvironmentalconcerns.“WearewastinglargeamountsofenergyandproducinglargeamountsofCO2emissions.”Hehasbeenhappierandmoreprodu