英国文学简史(期末考试资料)

英国文学简史英美文学史名词翻译Neoclassicism(新古典主义)Renaissance(文艺复兴)Metaphysicalpoetry(玄学派诗歌)Classism(古典主义)Enlightenment(启蒙运动)Romanticism(浪漫主义)ByronicHero(拜伦式英雄)Aestheticism（美学主义）Streamofconsciousness(意识流)theAgeofRealism(现实主义时期)Naturalism(自然主义)LocalColorist(乡土文学)Imagism(意象主义)TheLostGeneration(迷惘的一代)Surrealism(超现实主义)TheBeatGeneration(垮掉的一代)Metaphysicalpoets(玄学派诗人）NewCriticism(新批评主义)Feminism(女权主义)HemingwayCodeHero(海明威式英雄)Impressionism(印象主义)Postmodernity(后现代主义)Realism(现实主义)Allegory(寓言)Romance(传奇)epic(史诗)BlankVerse(无韵诗)Essay(随笔)MasquesorMasks(假面剧)SpenserianStanza(斯宾塞诗节)ThreeUnities(三一.原则)Meter(格律)Soliloquy(独白)Cavalierpoets(骑士派诗人)Elegy(挽歌).Action/plot(情节)Atmosphere(基调)Epigram(警句)TheHeroicCouplet(英雄对偶句)Sentimentalism(感伤主义文学)Aside(旁白)Denouement(戏剧结局)parable(寓言)Genre(流派)Irony(反讽)Satire(讽刺)Lyric(抒情诗)Ode(颂歌)Pastoral(田园诗)Canto(诗章)LakePoets(湖畔诗人)Image(意象)Dramaticmonologue（戏剧独白）Psychologicalnovel(心理小说)Allusion(典故)ProtagonistandAntagonist(正面人物与反面人物)Symbolism(象征主义)Existentialism(存在主义)Anti-hero(反面人物)Rhyme(押韵)RoundCharacter(丰满的人物)Flatcharacter(平淡的人物)Oedipuscomplex(俄狄浦斯情结/蛮母厌父情结)Iambicpentameter(抑扬格五音步)Poeticlicense(诗的破格)Legend(传说)Myth(神话)Pessimism(悲观主义)Tragicomedy(悲喜剧)Comedyofmanners(风俗喜剧)FreeVerse(自由体诗歌)Magicrealism(魔幻现实主义)Autobiography(自传)Biography(传记)Foot(脚注)Protagonist(正面人物)PsychologicalRealism(心理现实主义)Setting(背景)Chronicle《编年史》Ballads民谣consonant(协调,一致)repetition(反复)repeatedinitial(开头的)中世纪文学（约5世纪—1485）•《贝奥武甫》（Beowulf）•《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》（SirGawainandtheGreenKnight)杰弗利·乔叟（GeoffreyChaucer)―英国诗歌之父（FatherofEnglishPoetry）《坎特伯雷故事》（TheCanterburyTales）文艺复兴时期文学（15世纪后期—17世纪初）•托马斯·莫尔（ThomasMore）《乌托邦》（Utopia）•埃德蒙·斯宾塞（EdmundSpenser）《仙后》（TheFaerieQueene)•弗兰西斯·培根（FrancisBacon）《论说文集》（Essays)••••克里斯托弗·马洛（ChristopherMarlowe）《帖木儿大帝》（Tamburlaine）《浮士德博士的悲剧》（TheTragicalHistoryoftheLifeandDeathofDr.Faustus）《马耳他岛的犹太人》（TheJewofMalta）•威廉·莎士比亚(WilliamShakespeare）四大悲剧:Hamlet（哈姆雷特）、Othello（奥瑟罗）、KingLear（李尔王）、Macbeth（麦克白）四大喜剧：AMidsummerNight'sDream《仲夏夜之梦》Asyoulikeit《皆大欢喜》TwelfthNight《第十二夜》ThemerchantofVenice《威尼斯商人》三、17世纪文学•约翰·弥尔顿JohnMilton《失乐园》（ParadiseLost）（诗人、政论家;失明后写《失乐园》、《复乐园》、《力士参孙》。）Epics:<ParadiseLost>失乐园<ParadiseRegained>复乐园②Dramaticpoem:<SamsonAgonistes>力士参孙•约翰·班扬（JohnBunyan）《天路历程》（ThePilgrim’sProgress）（代表作《天路历程》，宗教寓言，被誉为“具有永恒意义的百科全书”，是英国文学史上里程碑式著作。与但丁的《神曲》、奥古斯丁的《忏悔录》并列为世界三大宗教题材文学杰作。）Puritanpoet(清教徒派诗人)ReligionaryAllegory:<ThePilgrim‟sProgress>天路历程约翰·多恩（英国诗人）JohnDonnetheMetaphysicalpoet(玄学派诗人).MetaphysicalPoetry(玄学诗)：（用语）thedictionissimple,theimageryisfromtheactual,(形式)theformisfrequentlyanargumentwiththepoet’sbeloved,withgod,orwithhimself.（主题：love,religious,thought）Artisticfeatures:1.conceitsorimagery奇思妙喻TheFlea虱子③Valediction:<ForbiddingMourning>启蒙时期文学（17世纪后期—18世纪中期）18世纪初，新古典主义成为时尚。新古典主义推崇理性，强调明晰、对称、节制、优雅，追求艺术形式的完美与和谐。亚历山大·蒲柏（AlexanderPope）是新古典主义诗歌的代表。AlexanderPope亚历山大•蒲柏1688~1744（18世纪英国最伟大的诗人，其诗多用“英雄双韵体”/“heroiccouplets”。词句工整、精练、富有哲理性。）AsarepresentativeoftheEnlightenment，PopewasoneofthefirsttointroducerationalismtoEngland....①<AnEssayonCriticism>批评论Artisticfeatures:1.Using“heroiccouplets”②<TheRapeoftheLock>卷发遇劫记③<MoralEssays>道德论<EssayonMan>人论<TheDunciad>愚人记•乔纳森·斯威夫特JonathanSwift《格列佛游记》Gulliver’sTravels（十八世纪杰出的政论家和讽刺小说家amastersatirist。）①<Gulliver‟sTravels>格列佛游记(fictionalwork)Fourparts:Lilliput小人国Brobdingnag大人国FlyingIsland飞岛Houyhnhnm马岛<AModestProposal>一个小小的建议②<TheBattleofBooks>书战③<ATaleofaTub>木桶的故事④<TheDrapper‟sLetters>一个麻布商的书信•丹尼尔·笛福DanielDefoe英国小说之父《鲁滨孙漂流记》（RobinsonCrusoe）（小说家，新闻记者，小册子作者；十八世纪英国现实主义小说的奠基人。）Heisthefirstwriterstudyofthelower-classpeople,hislanguageissmooth,easy,colloquialandmostlyvernacular,andheisthefounderofrealisticnovel.•亨利·菲尔丁HenryFielding《汤姆·琼斯》（TomJones）（英国小说家，戏剧家，被誉为“英国小说之父”。）Heiscalled“FatherofEnglishnovel”.Hewasthefirsttowritea“Comicepicinprose”(散文体史诗),andthefirsttogivethemodernnovelitsstructureandstyle.①novels:<TheHistoryofTomJones,aFoundling>弃婴汤姆•琼斯<TheHistoryoftheAdventuresofJosephAndrews>约瑟夫•安德鲁<TheLifeofMrJonathanWild,theGreat>大诗人江奈生•威尔德•托马斯·格雷ThomasGray《墓园哀歌》（ElegyWritteninaCountryChurchyard）RichardBrinsleySheridan理查德•布林斯利•施莱登1751~1816<TheRivals>情敌②<TheSchoolforScandal>造谣学校WilliamBlake威廉•布莱克1757~1827①<SongsofInnocence>天真之歌Ahappyandinnocentworldfromchildren‟seye.②<SongsofExperience>经验之歌Awordofmisery,poverty,disease,warandrepressionwithamelancholytonefrommeneyes.Include:<TheChimneySweeper><London><TheTyger>LambisasymbolofpeaceandpurityTygerisasymbolofdreadandoiolenceRobertBurns罗伯特•彭斯1759~1796ThegreatestScottishpoetinthelate18thcentury.PoemsChieflyintheScottishDialect主要用苏格兰方言写的诗②<ARed,RedRose>一朵红红的玫瑰③<AuldLongSyne>往昔时光④<AMan‟saManforA‟That>不管那一套⑤<MyHeart‟sintheHighlands>我的心在那高原上浪漫主义时期文学（1798-1832）TwomajornovelistsoftheRomanticperiodareJaneAusten(realistic)andWalterScott(romantic).“TheLakePoets”湖畔诗人，wholivedinthelakedistrict.WilliamWordsworth;SamuelTaylorColeridge;RobertSouthey•罗伯特·彭斯RobertBurnsThegreatestScottishpoetinthelate18thcentury.PoemsChieflyintheScottishDialect主要用苏格兰方言写的诗①<JohnAnderson,MyJo>约翰•安德生，我的爱人，ChieflyintheScottishDialect，苏格兰抒情歌谣集②<ARed,RedRose>一朵红红的玫瑰③AuldLangSyne友谊地久天长④<AMan‟saManforA‟That>不管那一套⑤Myheartisontheplateau我的心在那高原上⑥<BruceAtBannockburn>布鲁斯在班诺克本⑦<TheTreeOfLiberty>自由树FarewelltoScotland再见苏格兰•威廉·布莱克WilliamBlake①<SongsofInnocence>天真之歌Ahappyandinnocentworldfromchildren‟seye.②<SongsofExperience>经验之歌Awordofmisery,poverty,disease,warandrepressionwithamelancholytonefrommeneyes.Include:<TheChimneySweeper>扫烟囱的小孩<London><TheTyger>LambisasymbolofpeaceandpurityTygerisasymbolofdreadandoiolence③<TheMarriageofHeavenandHell>天堂与地狱的婚姻•威廉·华兹华斯WilliamWordsworth（与柯尔律治、骚塞同被称为“湖畔派”诗人。TheLakePoets）①<LyricalBallads>抒情歌谣集(withSamuelTaylorColeridge)②<IWonderedLonelyAsACloud>Theme:1.Natureembodieshumanbeingsintheirdiversecircumstance.Itisnaturethatgivehim“strengthandknowledgefullofpeace”2.Itisblisstorecolledthebeautyofnatureinpoetmindwhileheisinsolitude.Comment:Thepoetisverycheerfulwithrecallingthebeautifulsights.Inthepoemonthebeautyofnature,thereaderispresentedavividpictureoflivelyandlovelydaffodils(水仙)andpoet‟sphilosophicalideasandmysticalthoughts.③LinesComposedAFewMilesAboveTinternAbbey④TheSolitaryReaper孤独的割麦女②<ThePrelude>序曲•塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治SamuelTaylorColeridge《抒情歌谣集》（LyricalBallads）TheLakePoets①<TheRimeoftheAncientMariner>古舟子颂②<Christabel>柯里斯塔贝尔③<KublaKhan>忽必烈汗Artisticfeatures:mysticism,demonismwithstrongimagination,astrangeterritory④<FrostatNight>半夜冰霜⑤<Dejection,anOde>忧郁颂⑥<LyricalBallads>抒情歌谣集(withWilliamWordsworth)GeorgeGordonByron乔治•戈登•拜伦1788~1824（拜伦式英雄Byronicheroes孤傲、狂热、浪漫，却充满了反抗精神。内心充满了孤独与苦闷，却又蔑视群小。恰尔德·哈罗德是拜伦诗歌中第一个“拜伦式英雄”。）“Byronichero”isaproud,mysteriousrebelfigureofnobleorigin,againsttyrannicalrulesormoralprinciples.①<DonJuan>唐•璜<ChildeHarold‟sPilgrimage>恰尔德•哈罗德尔游记PersyByssheShelley波西•比希•雪莱1792~1822①PoeticDrama：<PrometheusUnbound>解放了的普罗米修斯Theme:thedramacelebraiesman‟svictoryovertyrannyandoppression②<QueenMab>麦布女王<RevoltofIslam>伊斯兰的反叛<ADefenceofPoetry>诗辩<TheNecessityofAtheism>无神论的必要性JohnKeats约翰•济慈1795~1821(“美即是真，真即是美”是他的著名诗句。)①Fourgreatodes:<OdeonaGrecianUrn>希腊古瓮颂<OdetoaNightingale>夜莺颂<OdetoPsyche>心灵颂<OdeOnMelancholy>忧郁颂②<ToAutumn>秋颂JaneAusten简•奥斯丁1775~1817Shecomparedherworkstoafineengravinguponaliterarypieceofivoryonlyinchessquire.①<SenseandSensibility>理智与感情<PrideandPrejudic>傲慢与偏见(chapterI)【ElizabethBennet&Darcy】intheendfalseprideishumbledandprejudicedissolved【Collins&CharlotteLucas】seetherealityofmarriageasanecessarystepifawomanistoavoidthewretchednessofagingspinsterhood【Lydia&Wickham】shownthedangersoffecklessrelationshipsunsupportedbymoney.【Mr.&Mrs.Bennet,Mr.Collins,LadyCatherinedeBurgh】comiccharacters<MansfieldPark>曼斯菲尔德庄园<Emma>爱玛<NorthangerAbbey>诺桑觉寺<Persuasion>劝导TheVictorianPeriod1832-1900EnglishCriticalRealism(VictorianEra)CharlesDickens查尔斯•狄更斯1812~1870（批判现实主义小说家）thegreatestrepresentativeofEnglishcriticalrealistwriter①<ThePosthumousPapersofthePickwickClub>匹克威克外传②<OliverTwist>奥利弗•特维斯特（雾都孤儿）③<TheOldCuriosityShop>老古玩店④<AChristmasCarol>圣诞颂歌⑤<DombeyandSon>董贝父子⑥<DavidCopperfield>大卫•科波菲尔⑦<BleakHouse>荒凉山庄<HardTimes>艰难时世⑧<ATaleofTwoCities>双城记(London&Paris)⑨<GreatExpectations>远大前程⑩<OurMutualFriend>我们共同的朋友SketchesbyBoz;AmericanNotes美国札记WilliamMakepeaceThackeray威廉•麦克匹斯•萨克雷1811~1863①<VanityFair>oraNovelwithoutaHero名利场(thenameisanexcerptfrom<ThePilgrim’sProgress>byJohnBunyan)②<TheBookOfSnobs>③Cox'sDiary庸人之书JaneAusten简•奥斯丁Shecomparedherworkstoafineengravinguponaliterarypieceofivoryonlyinchessquire.①<SenseandSensibility>理智与感情<PrideandPrejudic>傲慢与偏见<MansfieldPark>曼斯菲尔德庄园<Emma>爱玛<NorthangerAbbey>诺桑觉寺<Persuasion>劝导CharlotteBronte夏洛蒂•勃朗特1816~1855<JaneEyre>简•爱②<Shirley>雪莉③<Professor>教师EmilyBronte艾米莉•勃朗特1818~1854呼啸山庄<OldStoic>GeorgeEliot乔治•艾略特<TheMillontheFloss>弗洛斯河上的磨坊②亚当•比德③<>织工马南④<Middlemarch>米德尔马契MidandLate19thCenturyRobertBrowning罗伯特•白朗宁1812~1889<MyLastDutchess>我已故的公爵夫人②<HomeThoughtsFromAbroad>海外乡思MenandWomen;DramaticLyrics;PippaPaaaes;TheRingandtheBook;ElizabethBarrettBrowing:伊丽莎白·巴雷特·勃朗宁①<SonnetfromthePortuguese>葡萄牙十四行诗Christina.G.Rossetti:1830-1894SeekandFind;AStoryforGirls;Song;ABirthday1900~1950The20thCenturyPlaywrights①OscarWilde②GeorgeBernardShawHenrryJames:thewingsofadove;aportraitofawomen;DaisyMiller;theambassadors;thegoldenbowlGeorgeBernardShaw乔治•伯纳•萧1856~1950(英国杰出的批判现实主义剧作家）criticalrealisticdramatist①PlaysUnpleasant<MrsWarren’SProfession>华伦夫人的职业<Widowers’Houses>鳏夫的房产②PlaysPleasant<ArmsAndMan>武器与人<TheManOfDestiny>左右命运的人③Plays<ManAndSuperman>人与超人<Pygmalion>匹格玛利翁<TheAppleCart>苹果车圣女贞德HeartbreakHouse.托马斯•哈代1840~1928（小说多以农村生活为背景；自然主义小说家。Wessexnovels;novelsofcharacterandenvironment）⑪Novels①<TessOfTheD’Urbervilles>德伯家的苔丝Theme:experienceisastointensity,andnotastoduration②<JudeTheObscure>无名的裘德③<UnderTheGreenwoodTree>绿荫下④远离尘嚣⑤<TheMayorOfCasterbridge>卡斯特桥市长⑥<TheReturnoftheNative>还乡⑫Poems：WessexPoemsAndOtherVerses，PoemsOfThePastAndPresentTheDynasts列国OscarWilde奥斯卡•王尔德1856~1900salome（TheAestheticMovement:ArtforArt’sSake）①4Comedies:<TheImportanceOfBeingEarnest>认真的重要<LadyWindermere’sFan>温德米尔夫人的扇子<AWomanOfNoImportance>一个无足轻重的女人<AnIdealHusband>理想的丈夫②Novel:<ThePictureOfDorianGray>多利安•格雷的画像③FairyStories:<TheHappyPrinceAndOtherTales>快乐王子故事集TheTruthOfMasks.WilliamButlerYeats威廉•勃特勒•叶茨1865~1939（爱尔兰诗人，剧作家；TheIrishnationalistmovement爱尔兰独立运动；TheIrishLiteraryRevival爱尔兰文艺复兴；TheIrishLiteraryTheater,ortheAbbeyTheater爱尔兰民族剧团）⑪collections①<TheWindAmongTheReeds>苇风<Responsibilities>责任②<TheTower>塔<TheWindingStair>旋转的楼梯⑫Poems<Easter1916>复活节，1916<TheSecondComing>第二次来临/再世<SailingToByzantium>到拜占庭航行WhenYouareOld;TheLakeIsleofInnisfree;ThomasSternsEliot（诗人，剧作家，批评家）⑪Poems①<TheWasteLand>②<FourQuartets>四个四重奏③<TheLoveSongOfJ.AlfredPrufrock>⑫Plays①<MurderInTheCathedral>大教堂谋杀案MorningattheWindow;DavidHerbertLawrence戴维•赫伯特•劳伦斯1885~1930Modernist<SonsAndLovers>儿子与情人(autobiographical)②<TheRainbow>虹③<WomenInLove>恋爱中的女人④<LadyChatterley‟sLover>查特莱夫人的情人詹姆斯•乔伊斯1882~1941Modernist（爱尔兰小说家，意识流小说的代表人物）stream-of-consciousness<Ulysses>尤利西斯(S_O_C)<APortraitOfTheArtistAsAYoungMan>一个青年艺术家的肖像<FinnegansWake>芬尼根的苏醒<Dubliners>都柏林人VirginiaWoolf弗吉尼娅•沃尔芙1882~1941Modernist（意识流小说的代表人物）stream-of-consciousness①Novels达洛维夫人<ToTheLighthouse>到灯塔去<TheWaves>浪<TheLighthouse><Jacob’sRoom>雅各布的房间<Orlando>奥兰朵<BetweenTheActs>幕间TheVoyageOut;Aroomofone‟sownEdwardMorganFoster(E.M.Foster)<APassageToIndia>印度之行<HawardsEnd>霍华兹别墅WhereAngelsFeartoTread;TheLongestJourney;ARoomwithaView;HowardsEnd;APassagetoIndia;MauriceDorrisLessingTheGrassisSinging;TheGoldenNotebook;ParticularlyCats;Love,AgainSamuelBeckettFinnegansWaken;MorePricksThanKicks;WaitingforGodot;TheTrilogyMolloy;MaloneDies;TheUnameableHaroldPinterTheRoom;TheBirthdayParty;TeaParty;TheHomecoming;OldTimes名词解释、定义Sonnet十四行诗Asonnetisalyricpoemcomprising包含14rhyminglinesofequallength.14-linelyricpoem,usuallywritteninrhymediambicpentameter.Thesonnet,anexactformofpoetryin14linesofiambicpentameterintricatelyrhymed,wasintroducedtoEnglandfromItalybySirThomasWyattandHenryHoward,EarlofSurrey.十四行诗是一首抒情诗包括14包含押韵线长度相等。14行抒情诗，通常是押韵的抑扬格五音步写。十四行诗，14行诗押韵诗错综复杂的精确形式，介绍了从意大利到英国的托马斯爵士怀亚特和亨利霍华德，萨里伯爵。WilliamShakespeare威廉·莎士比亚Renaissance文艺复兴arevivalorrebirthoftheartisticandscientificrevivalwhichoriginatedinItalyinthe14thcenturyandgraduallyspreadalloverEurope.Ithastwofeatures:athirstingcuriosityfortheclassicalliteratureandkeeninterestinactivitiesofhumanity.第十四世纪起源于意大利的艺术和科学复兴的复兴或复兴，并逐渐传遍整个欧洲。它有两个特点：一个渴望的好奇心，对古典文学和人类活动的兴趣。AlighieriDante，ApioneeroftheRenaissance,asarepresentativeof"theDivineComedy"阿利盖利·但丁，文艺复兴的先驱，代表作为《神曲》Sentimentalism感伤主义itwasoneoftheimportanttrendsinEnglishliteratureofthelaterdecadesofthe18thcentury.Itconcentratedonthefreeexpressionofthoughtsandemotions,andpresentedanewviewofhumannaturewhichprizedfeelingoverthinking,passionoverreason.这是第十八世纪后几十年英国文学的重要趋势之一.。它集中在思想和情感的自由表达上，提出了一种新的人性观，即对思想的珍视，对理性的激情。BritishsentimentalrepresentativewriterSteyn'snovel<<sentimentaltravelinFranceandItaly>>英国感伤主义代表作家斯泰恩的小说《在法国和意大利的感伤旅行》Romanticism浪漫主义imagination,emotionandfreedomarecertainlythefocalpointsofromanticism.Theparticularcharacteristicsoftheliteratureofromanticisminclude:subjectivityandanemphasisonindividualism;freedomfromrules;solitaryliferatherthenlifeinsociety;thebeliefsthatimaginationissuperiortoreason;andloveofandworshipofnature.想象、情感和自由是浪漫主义的焦点。浪漫主义文学的特殊性包括：主体性和强调个人主义；脱离规则的自由；孤独的生活而不是社会生活；想象优于理性的信仰；对自然的热爱和崇拜。OdetothewestwindisthepoemofEnglishRomanticpoetShelley.《西风颂》是英国浪漫主义诗人雪莱的诗作。metaphysicalpoetry玄学派诗歌MetaphysicalpoetrymainlyreferstoEnglandinseventeenthCenturybyJohnDunn(1572-1631)theinfluenceoftheworksofpoets.Themetaphysicalpoetswithrebelliousspirit,Elizabethtriedtobreakawayfromthetraditionalperiodoflovepoetry.Theimageryisextractedfromreallife.Theformofpoetryisoftenwiththelove,withGod,orwithhimselfofanargument.玄学派诗歌主要是指英国十七世纪深受约翰·邓恩（1572-1631）影响的诗人的作品。玄学派诗人具有强烈的叛逆精神，试图从伊丽莎白时期传统的爱情诗歌中分离出去。诗中的意象都是从现实的生活中提取。诗歌的形式经常都是以作者同爱人，同上帝，甚或同自己进行争论的方法存在的。JohnDonneistherepresentativeof"metaphysical"约翰.邓恩便是“玄学派”的代表人物。Classicalism古典主义Classical,popularinWesternEuropeinseventeenthCentury,especiallyaliterarytrendinFrance.Thistrendistheproductofaspecifichistoricalperiod,becauseofitinliterarytheoryandcreativepracticeinancientGreece,Romeliteratureasamodelandamodelknownasthe"classical".InartmainlyreferstocontainhighlyrecognizedtheeraofclassicalGreeceandtheancientRomeculture.Theclassicalclassicaltasteasastandard,andtryingtoimitatetheclassicalstyle.TheformationandprosperityinFrance,andthenspreadtootherEuropeancountries,istheageofenlightenment,theconceptoftheageofreasonandpartofthemodernideologyadvocated.古典主义,17世纪流行在西欧、特别是法国的一种文学思潮.这一潮流是特定历史时期产物,因它在文艺理论和创作实践上以古希腊、罗马文学为典范和样板而被称为“古典主义”.在艺术上主要是指对包含希腊及古罗马的古典时代文化的高度认同。古典主义将古典时代的品味作为标准，并试图模仿其风格。古典主义形成和繁荣于法国，随后扩展到欧洲其他国家，是启蒙时代、理性时代以及部分现代主义思想所提倡的概念。JohnDryden,Britishrepresentativepoet英国的代表诗人约翰·德莱顿作品分析《坎特伯雷故事集》作者：杰弗雷·乔叟作品描写一群朝圣者聚集在伦敦一家小旅店里，准备去坎特伯雷城朝圣。店主人建议朝圣者们在往返途中各讲两个故事，看谁讲的最好。故事集包括了24个故事，其中最精彩的故事有：骑士讲的爱情悲剧故事、巴斯妇讲的骑士的故事、卖赎罪券者讲的劝世寓言故事、教士讲的动物寓言故事、商人讲的家庭纠纷的故事、农民讲的感人的爱情和慷慨义气行为的故事。DescriptionofagroupofpilgrimsgatheredinasmallhotelinLondon,readytogotoCanterburyCitypilgrimage.Theshopkeepersuggestedthatthepilgrimstalkabouttwostoriesontheirwaybackandforthtoseewhospokethebest.Thestorysetincludes24stories,themostexcitingstoriesare:Knightlovetragedystory,thestoryoftheKnightsoftheBathwoman,sellersofsinnerstopersuadethefableoftheworld,thepriestsspeakanimalfables,businessmenTalkingaboutthestoryoffamilydisputes,farmerstalkaboutthetouchingloveandthestoryofgenerousloyaltybehavior.作品广泛地反映了资本主义萌芽时期的英国社会生活，揭露了教会的腐败、教士的贪婪和伪善，谴责了扼杀人性的禁欲主义，肯定了世俗的爱情生活。TheworkbroadlyreflectsthecapitaliststageofBritishsociety,exposingthecorruptionofthechurch,thepriest'sgreedandhypocrisy,condemnedthekillingofhumanasceticism,affirmedthesecularlovelife.《罗密欧与朱丽叶》（RomeoandJuliet）威廉·莎士比亚著名戏剧作品之一戏剧讲述了两位青年男女相恋，却因家族仇恨而遭不幸，最后导致两家和好的故事。Thedramatellsthestoryoftwoyoungmenandwomeninlove,butbecauseoffamilyhatredandmisfortune,andfinallyledtothetwostories.鲜明的反封建倾向，明确地把悲剧的根源归咎于陈旧的封建意识，巧妙地把爱情题材和文艺复兴时期的社会矛盾联系起来，把批判的锋芒指向中世纪衰朽而野蛮的伦理观念，指向现实的封建势力。Obviousantifeudal,clearlythetragedyattributedtotheoldfeudalideology,skillfullythelovethemeandRenaissancesocialcontradictionstogether,thecriticismwasdirectedatthemedievaldecrepitandbrutalethic,pointingtotherealityofthefeudalforces.《哈姆雷特（Hamlet）》英国剧作家威廉·莎士比亚戏剧讲述了叔叔克劳狄斯谋害了哈姆雷特的父亲，篡取了王位，并娶了国王的遗孀乔特鲁德；哈姆雷特王子因此为父王向叔叔复仇。DramatellsthestoryofUncleClaudiusJmurderedHamlett'sfather,usurpedthethrone,andmarriedthewidowofKingJoTrude;PrinceHamlettsoformyfathertomyunclerevenge.它以精湛的艺术形式，博大的思想内容表现出主人公人文主义理想的幻灭，反映了作者对人生价值和意义的探索。一部深刻反映时代面貌、具有激烈矛盾冲突的杰出悲剧，使这一复仇故事有了广泛的社会意义。Withitsexquisiteartform,broadideologicalcontentshowedtheprotagonistthehumanisticidealdisillusionment,reflectstheauthor'sexplorationofthevalueandmeaningoflife.Aprofoundreflectionoftheoutlookofthetimes,outstandingtragedyhasintenseconflict,therevengestoryhadextensivesocialsignificance.《奥赛罗（Othello）》是莎士比亚故事讲述了一个嫉妒心很强的摩尔人，因为轻信部下的谗言，而将自己清白无辜的妻子杀害。Thestoryofajealousmoor,becauseofhisgulliblecalumny,andhisinnocentwifekilled.反映了文艺复兴时期深刻的社会矛盾ReflectstheprofoundsocialcontradictionsduringtheRenaissance《失乐园》ParadiseLost约翰·弥尔顿诗中叛逆之神撒旦，因为反抗上帝的权威被打入地狱，却毫不屈服，为复仇寻至伊甸园。亚当与夏娃受被撒旦附身的蛇的引诱，偷吃了上帝明令禁吃的知识树上的果子。最终，撒旦及其同伙遭谴全变成了蛇，亚当与夏娃被逐出了伊甸园InthepoemtherebelliousangelsofSatan,becauseagainstGod'sauthoritybedamned,butdidnotyieldtoseekrevengeforthegardenofEden.AdamandEvewerepossessedbySatan'sserpent