大一《希腊罗马神话》期末复习(英文)

希腊罗马神话复习单选（课文）10分判断（课文）10分表格（默写）20分GreekRomanRoleinMythologyAphroditeVenusGoddessofbeauty,sexualdesire.(RM:goddessofgardensandfields.)ApolloApolloGodofprophecy,medicineandarchery(lateGreek/RM:godofsun)AresMarsGodofwarArtemisDianaGoddessofthehunt(lateGreek/RM:goddessofmoon)AsclepiusAesculapiusGodofmedicineAthenaMinervaGoddessofartsandcraftsandwar;helperofheroes(lateGreek/Rm:goddessofwisdom)CronusSarturnGodofthesky;ruleroftheTitans(RM:goddessofagriculture)DemeterCeresGoddessofgrainDionysusBacchusGodofwineandvegetationErosCupidGodofloveGaeaTellusMotherEarthHadesPlutoGodoftheunderworld;lordofthedeadHephaestusVulcanGodoffire;blacksmithofthegodsHeraJunoGoddessofmarriageandchildbirth;protectorofmarriedwomen;queenofthegodsHermesMercuryMessengersofthegods;protectoroftravelers,thieves,andmerchantsHestiaVestaGuardianofthehomePoseidonNeptuneGodoftheseaandearthquakesRheaOpsWifeofCronus/Sarturn;MotherGoddessUranusUranusGodofthesky;fatheroftheTitansZeusJupiterRulerofthegods名词解释（课后）20分C11.delphic:ItrelatestoDelphi.Itmeansambiguous.2.Olypian:ItrelatestoOlympianGods.Itmeansthatsomeoneislikeagod,especiallybybeingcalmandnotconcernedaboutordinarythings.3.martial:ItrelatestoMars.Itmeanssomethingconnectedwithwarandfighting.4.nemesis:ItrelatestoNemesis.Itmeansapunishmentthatisdeservedandcannotbeavoided.5.titanic:ItrelatestoTitans.Itmeanssomethingbig,strongandpowerful.C21.Junoesque:ItrelatestoJuno.ItmeanssomeoneiselegantandbeautifullikeJuno.2.Argus-eyed:ItrelatestoArgus.Itmeanssomeoneiswatchfulandalert.3.satyr/satyriasis:ItrelatestoSatyr.Itmeanssomeonethathasanabnormallyintensesexualdesireinmen.4.mercurial:ItrelatestoMercury.Itmeanshavingfeelingsthatchangesuddenlyandwithoutwarning.C4chaotic:ItrelatestoChaos.Itmeansmessyanddisorder.Pandora’sbox:ItrelatestoPandora.Itmeanstherootoftroubles.Promethean:ItrelatestoPrometheus.ItmeansapersonwhoresemblesPrometheus.C61.Dionysiac:ItrelatestoDionysus.ItmeansSensuality,debauchery,andrevelry.C7Midas’/ass’sears:ItrelatestoMidas.ItmeansAsecretthatcannotbehid.Italsomenassomeoneisshallowanduninformed.Midas/thegoldentouch:ItrelatestoMidas.Itmeanstouchingastoneandturningitintogold.cuttheGordianknot:ItrelatestoAlexander.Itmeanssolvingacomplexproblemwithaboldstrike.C8cereal:ItrelatestoCeres.Itmeansgrains.aureole:ItrelatestoAurora.Itmeansabrightcircleoflight.C91.Charon’sboat/ferry:ItrelatestoCharon.Itmeanssomeoneisgoingtodie.2.crosstheStyx:Itmeanssomeoneisgoingtodie.C12gain/reap/win（one’s）laurels:ItrelatestoDaphne.Itmeansgainingone’shonors.Looktoone’slaurels:ItrelatestoDaphne.ItmeanstoworkhardinordernottolosethePanfellinlovewithAnymphcalledSyrinx,whowasafaithfulworshipperofArtemis.Hechasedhertothebankofriver.Withthewaternymph’shelp,Syrinxwasturnedintoreeds.Panwassosadandhemadeaninstrumentwiththereeds,whichcalledSyrinx.Andthatisthepanpipe.HowcanyouaccountforZeus’spromiscuity?ThepromiscuityofZeusservesmorethanentertainingpurposes.Itisoutofpoliticalpurpose.Menhaveapowerfulabilitytoreproduceinordertoreproducemoreoffspring,.Formostofthepeopleintheworldflowshisblood,isoneofthemethodscanhavemorefaithfulfollows.Andthenumberofthefaithfulfollowsdecidewhetherhisregimeisfirm.C4WhatwasthedirectcauseofPrometheus’obtainingfireforman?WhenEpimetheuscreatedman,hehadnothingleftforhim.WhatattitudetowardwomenisshownthroughthestoryofPandora?ThestoryshowstheancientGreeksthoughtwomenwereinferiorandaffiliatedtomen,andtheyweretherootevilandtrouble.Whichageofmanappliestoourownage?Pleaseelaborate.IthinkweareintheIronAge.Peopleworkdayandnightandman’scharacterismorecomplex,thoughmixedwithkindness,butmoreevil.Humanwantstoruleeverything.Peoplenolongertrusteachother.Marriedpeopledonotloveeachother.Vowsareregardedasdust.Kindnessandjusticearenolongerseenasthenormofconduct,butmerelyviolence.Howisthefirstwomanoftendescribedasa“lovelyevil”?HowdoesshecomparewithEveintheBookofGenesis?Pandoraisdescribedasa“lovelyevil”becauseshewasthemostbeautifulandsweetestwoman,butsheopenedboxandmademanyevilthingsfree.BothPandoraandEvearebeauties.Theyarealsodescribedastherootoftroublestotaketheblameforthemalesociety.Buttheywerecreatedoutofdifferentpurpose.PandorawascreatedasthecostofPrometheusstealingthefireforman.Shesymbolizesagreattemptationandhumanmisery.Eveisinferiorandaffiliatedtothemanandjustlikeaslaveandshewascreatedtohelpman.WhydidZeustrytowithholdfirefromhumanbeings?Becausefireisasymbolfortechnologyandcivilization.A

basic

distinction

in

myth

between

raw

&

cooked

and

wild

&

civilized.As

a

revenge

for

Prometheus'

earlier

theft

of

the

finest

sacrificial

portions.

By

withholding

fire,

Zeus

makes

the

division

of

the

sacrifice

impracticable.

The

humiliation

of

Zeus

prompted

him

to

take

the

extreme

measure

of

withholding

fire

from

mankind,

without

which

man

would

soon

be

little

more

than

animals.

C6WhatledtoBacchus’wanderings?Bacchus

invented

how

to

plant

grapes

and

brew

wine.

He

was

wandering

around

and

spread

this

kind

of

knowledge

to

bring

people

the

joy

of

drinking.C7HowdidMidasacquirethepowerofturningeverythingtogold?Because

Midas

rescued

Bacchus’steacher,

Slilenus,

and

treated

him

hospitably,

entertaining

him

for

ten

days

and

nights

with

an

unceasing

round

of

jollity.

In

return,

Bacchus

gave

him

thepower

of

turning

everything

to

gold.C8WhatmadeHadesfallinlovewithProserpine?As

signs

of

womanly

beauty

began

to

shine

along

side

her

childlike

innocence,

the

adolescent

goddess

Persephone

unwittingly

attracted

the

attention

of

the

Greek

god

Hades.

WhywasVenusdispleasedwithAthena,Diana,andProserpine?Becauseshethoughtallofthemlookeddownuponthepowerofherandherson.WhatpreventedProserpine’sfreedomfromtheUnderworld?Threepomegranate.FromwhataspectscantheDemetermythbeinterpreted?ChangeofseasonsC9Wherearethedifferentghostsconveyedintheunderworld?TheevilghostswillbesenttoTartarus.ThevirtuousghostswillbesenttoElysium.DescribethedifferencebetweenElysiumandTartarusandthesituationoftheirrespectiveinhabitants?Elysium,ruledoverbyCronus,liesnearHades’dominions.Itsahappylandofperpetualday,withoutcoldorsnow,wheregames,music,andrevelsnevercease,andwheretheinhabitantsmayelecttoberebornonearthwhenevertheyplease.InGreekmythology,Tartarusisadeepchasmsurroundedbythreeheavycurtainandthreebronzedoors.InRomanmythology,itisavastriveroflava.ItisapainfulplaceinwheretheFurieslive.Inhabitantsinitsufferalot.C11HowwereAtalantaandherhusbandchangedintolions?They

forgot

to

pay

due

honor

to

Venus

and

the

goddess

was

provoked

at

their

ingratitude.She

caused

them

to

give

offence

to

Cybele.Cybele

took

from

them

their

human

form

and

turned

them

into

animals

of

characters

resembling

their

own.C12whatwasthecauseofApollo’sloveforDaphne?Cupid’sgoldenarrowstruckApollo’sheart.WhatdidPeneusmeanby“Yourfacewillforbidit”?HemeantDaphne’swishwouldnotcometruebecauseofherbeautifulface.C13WhatdidtheoracleofApollosayaboutPsyche’sfuturehusband?Hesaidherfuturehusbandawaitedheonthetopofthemountainandhewasamonsterwhomneithergodsnormencouldresist.WhattemptedPsychetoopentheboxshewasbringingbacktoVenus?Alongingdesiretoputthebeautyonhercheekstobecomemorebeautiful.WhatisthesignificanceoftheunionofCupidandPsyche?Loveitselfisreallyahappyandpainfulpursuitoftheprocess,andtheprocessoflovemustbeupsanddowns.C14WhydidVenusadviseAdonisagainstattackingwildanimals?Becausethewildanimalsweredangerousandshedidn’twanttoloseherbelovedAdonis.WhatdidVenusdotocommemorateherill-fatedlover?She

changedhisblood

into

short-loved

flowers

and

its

blossomopen

when

the

windblows.C15Whataspectdoesthisstoryshowaboutlove?The

miserable

and

beautifulaspect

of

love.C16WhatincurredJuno’sangertowardsEchos?Her

talk

that

contrived

to

detain

Juno

till

Zeus

and

the

nymphs

made

their

escape.WhatwasJuno’spunishmentforher?No

power

to

speak

first.C18WhatwasthecauseofPerseus’sadventures?PolydecteswantedaneasyaccesstoDanaeandgotridofPerseus.SohesentPerseustokillMedusa.HowwasMedusakilled?PerseusborrowedtheshieldfromMinervaandwingedshoesfromHermes,approachedMedusawhilesheslept.Hewasguidedbyherimagereflectioninthebrightshieldandcutoffherhead.C19HowdidtheArgonautspassthroughtheClashingRocks?TheywentalongthepassagefoundbythedovetheysentoutandpassedtheClashingRockssafely.WhatmadeMedeakillherownchildren?ThefurywithjealousyandthethoughttopunishJasonfurther.C20HowdidHeraclesdemonstratehisprowessinhisinfancy?HestrangledtwosnakeswhichZeus’jealouswifeHerahadsenttoattackhim.WhatincidentmotivatedtheLaborsofHeracles?HewastoldbytheDelphicOracletoserveEurystheusfor12yearsandwinimmortalitybyperformingthelaborsthekingimposeduponhim.WhatdoesthelastlaborofHeraclessymbolize?C21WhatwasthecauseofCadmus’adventures?Because

his

sister

was

carried

away

by

Zeus,and

his

father

commanded

him

to

go

in

search

of

his

sister.C22Howdidhekillhisownsfather?In

order

to

avoid

killing

his

father

and

married

his

mother

of,

he

escaped

from

the

Collins,

on

the

way,

he

killed

his

father

by

accident.WhatdoyouknowabouttheSphinxriddle?Sphinx

riddle

is

often

used

to

describe

the

problems

which

are

complex,

mysterious

and

hard

to

understand.

C24Whopresentedtheappleofdiscordandforwhatpurpose?Eriswasangrybecauseshehadbeenleftoutofthefeast.Shethrewamongtheguesttheappleofdiscordinscribed“forthefairest”tomakeanissuebetweenHera,AthenaandAphrodite.WhywasParisasababyleftinthewildernesstodie?BecausewhenhermotherHecubawaspregnant,shedreamedshewasgivingbirthtoatorchfromwhichstreamedhissingserpentsanditwouldbringunfortunateanddisasterstothekingdom.WhyweretheformersuitorsofHelenwillingtohelpMenelausinthewarofreclaiminghiswifefromTroy?BecauseHelen’sfatherTyndareusmadeallthesuitorsswearanoathtocometotheaidofherhusbandifsheshouldeverbeabducted.What’sbehindthereluctanceofOdysseusandAchillestojoinintheexpedition?Their