自然与灾难(解析版)-2022年高考英语一轮复习热门主题词汇记忆+题型突破专练

2022年高考英语一轮复习热门主题词汇记忆+题型突破专练

主题12自然与灾难

【主题词汇记忆】

【高频单词】

•识记I.

1.plainn.平原

adj.清楚的，明白的

adv.绝对地

2.pollutev.弄脏，污染

3.povertyn.贫穷，贫困

4.ruraladj.农村的，乡下的

5.shortagen.缺乏，短缺

6.threatenV.威胁，预示凶兆

7.urbanadj.城市的，都市的

8.advocateV,提倡，主张

9.eco-friendlyadj.环保的

10.harbourn.海港，港口

•识记2.

1.immigrant〃.移民

2.junglen.密林

3.migrationn.迁移

4.mountainousadj.多山的

5.preserveV.保护，保存

6.provincen.省份

7.radiationn.辐射

8.renewableadj.可再生的

9.populationn.人口（数）

10.atmospheren.大气（层）

•识记3.

1.balanceV.平衡，均衡

2.beachn.海滩，沙滩

3.caven.山洞

4.coastn.海滨，海岸

5.range〃.山脉，范围

6.recycleV.再循环

7.reserveV.保留，预订

8.phenomenonn.现象，杰出的人

9.litterv.舌L扔（垃圾）

10.distractv.分散；使分心

•识记4.

1.rainfalln.降雨量

2.severeadj.激烈的，严重的，严厉的

3.showern.阵雨；淋浴（器）

4.trap叨使陷入困境，夹住；卡住

n.陷阱，诡计

5.volcanon.火山

6.warmthn.温暖

7.ashn.灰烬，骨灰，废墟

8.changeable时.（气候等）多变的

9.dampadj.有湿气的；潮湿的

10.erupt口（喷泉等）喷发;（感情等）爆发

•识记5-

1.forecastV.预测，预报

2.frightenV.使惊吓

3.hunicanen.飓风

4.mildadj.温和的；轻微的

5.mistn.雾；水汽

6.breezeH.微风；轻而易举的事

7.centigrade九摄氏度

adj.百分度的；摄氏度的

8.muddy。力：多泥的

9.sandstormn.沙尘暴

10.typhoonn.台风

」高频短语1

・识记1-

1.applyforajob申请一项工作

2.fullofenergy充满精力

3.amountainof/mountainsof大量；大堆

4.preventsb./sth.(from)doingsth.

阻止某人/物做某事

5.protect(sb./sth.)againststh.

保护（某人/某物）不受……

6.awasteoftime浪费时间

7.wastesth.onsth.把……浪费在……上

wastesth.(in)doingsth.在做某事上浪费……

8.asaconsequenceofsth.由于……

9.cleanup/clearup/pickuplitter

清理垃圾

10.liveinpoverty生活在贫困中

•识记2.

1.intheshadeofthetree在树荫下

2.inmypresentsituation在我目前的情况下

3.threatentodo威胁要做

4.onthecoast在海岸上

5.offthecoast离开海岸

6.undertheprotectionof在……保护下

7.in/withinrange(of)在....范围内

8.outofrange(of)超出....范围

9.awiderangeof各式各样的

10.wavesb.goodbye/wavegoodbyetosb.向某人挥手道别

【佳句品读】

I.Itisoneofthebiggestproblemsthatthecurrentworldhastoface.

它是当今世界必须面临的最大问题之一.

2.Ifwemakegreatefforts,wecanreducethesenaturaldisasters.

如果我们付出巨大的努力，我们就可以减少这些自然灾害。

3.Theatmosphereofthisnaturalsettingcanhelpustoawakenourinnerfeelings,andinspireustoseekaproper

relationshipbetweenourselvesandthenaturalenvironment.

自然环境的气氛可以帮助我们唤醒我们内在的感情，激发我们寻找我们与自然环境之间适当的关系。

4.China'sgeographyishighlydiverse,withhills,plains,andriverdeltasintheeastanddeserts,highplateaus,

andmountainsinthewest.

中国的地理状况呈现高度多样化，在东部有山区、平原和河流三角洲，在西部有沙漠、高原和山地。

5.Chinaisabeautifulcountrywithnaturalbeautifulsceneryandrichtravelingresources.

中国是一个美丽的国家，自然风景秀丽，旅游资源丰富。

6.Weshouldfocusonenvironmentalprotectionandimprovetheecology.

我们应该注重环境保护并改善生态。

7.Peopleallovertheworldaresupposedtosparenoefforttohealtheworld.

世界各地的人应该不遗余力地拯救世界。

8.Inaword,environmentalpollutionisamatteroflifeanddeath.

总之，环境污染一个关乎生死存亡的问题。

9.Tomydelight,somepeoplehavebeenconcernedabouttheenvironment.

让我高兴的是，一些人已经关注环境了。

10.Amajorityofpeopleholdthebeliefthatclimatechangeisthepressingthreatformankind.

大多数人认为气候的变化是对人类紧迫的威胁。

11.Thisdisastermadethousandsofpeopleinjuredandlefttensofthousandsofpeoplehomeless.

这次灾害使数千人受伤，数万人无家可归。

12.I'mawfullysorrytohearthatahorribleandsevereearthquakeunexpectedlyhityourhometown.

得知你的家乡发生突如其来的特大地震灾害，我非常难过。

13.Thecauseofnaturaldisastersisthebehaviorofhumanbeings.

引起自然灾害的原因是人类行为。

14.DisasterDayisaimingatproposingeveryonetostopdoingthethingsthatwillcausenaturaldisasters.

自然灾害日旨在提倡大家停止做会导致自然灾害的事情。

15.Naturaldisastershavecausedserioustragedy,makingplentyofpeopleinjuredordead.

自然灾害己造成严重的悲剧，导致很多人受伤或死亡。

16.Disasterhasagreatinfluenceonthesustainabledevelopmentofeconomyandsocietyandthreatensthe

survivalofmankind.

灾难对经济和社会的可持续发展有着严重的影响，威胁到人类的生存。

17.Whatupsetsusmostisthatsuchasituationisspreadingtocountryside.

最让我们苦恼的是这样的情况正扩展到乡下。

18.Ifwemakegreateffortsonit,wecanreducethesenaturaldisasters.

如果我们付出巨大的努力，我们就可以减少这些自然灾害。

19.Wenchuanearthquakehascausedthepeopleofdisasterareastremendousphysicalandmentalsuffering.

汶川大地震给灾区的民众造成了巨大的身心痛苦。

20.Inabattletosavethelivesofallpeople,thevictorywillcomeafteradisastertestoftheChinesenation.

在一场拯救全民生命的战斗中，胜利终将属于历经灾难考验的中华民族。

【题型突破专练】

一、阅读理解

1

Hundredsofsnowleopards（雪豹）arebeingkilledeveryyearacrossthemountainsofcentralAsia,threatening

thealreadyendangeredbigcat,accordingtoanewreportfromTraffic.

Snowleopardslivein12nationsbutmorethan90%ofthereportedsnowleopardillegalhuntingtakesplace

infivecountries:ChinaandMongolia,whichhostmostsnowleopards,aswellasPakistan,IndiaandTajikistan,of

whicheachhavejustafewhundredoftheanimals.

Overhalftheso-called“ghostsofthemountains"arekilledbyfarmersforattacksonlivestock（牲畜）and20%

aretrappedbysnares（陷阱）setforotheranimals.Another20%arekilledfortheillegalfurtrade.Thereportfound

upto200snowleopardsarebeingillegallytradedeachyear.Butthenumberhasfallenshaiplyinrecentyears,

particularlyinChina,perhapsbecauseofincreasinglawenforcement（实施）.

Theleopardsarealsoatriskfromclimatechange,withwarmingtemperaturesthreateningtoleaveathirdof

theirhabitatuninhabitable.Thetreelineshiftsupthemountainsandcausesfarmerstoplantcropsandraise

livestockathigheraltitudes（高海拔）.

Toreducethekillings,thereport'sauthorsrecommendtherolling-outleopard-proofcorrals（防豹畜栏）foryaks

andhorsesandinsuranceschemesforfarmers.Suchschemesarealreadybeingtested,forexampleinavillagein

theIndianstateofHimachalPradesh.ThenaturalfoodofsnowleopardsareHimalayanbluesheepandibex,but

theirnumbershavefallenastheirhabitatisturnedintofarmland.

Strongerlawenforcementisalsoneeded,saidTraffic.Lessthanaquarterofcasesofsnowleopardpoaching

havebeenfoundandjustoneinsevencharged.

"Weallshouldworktogethertogreatlyreducehuman-wildlifeconflictandensurethatmountaincommunities

canco-existwithsnowleopards/'saidRishiSharma,fromWWFandaco-authorofthereport."Compensation

schemesandinnovativepredator-proofcorralsaremakingadifferencebutweurgentlyneedtoexpandtheseto

benefitcommunitiesandsnowleopardsacrossAsia*shighmountains.M

1.Whyareleopardsbecomingendangered?

A.Becausetheyareoftenattackedbylivestock.

B.Becausetheyarekilledbypeopleforkindsofreasons.

C.Becausetheanimalshaveexperiencedmanyearthquakes.

D.Becausetheirmeattastesdeliciousandpeoplewantthem.

2.What'sthemainideaofParagraph3toParagraph4?

A.Leopardsareghostsofthemountains.

B.Snowleopardsarethreateningpeople.

C.Peoplearekillingmoreandmoreleopards.

D.Thereasonsforthedecreasingnumberofsnowleopards.

3.Whatcanweknowfromthepassage?

A.Casesofsnowleopardpoachingarehappeningin12nationsthroughouttheworld.

B.Mostofthereportedsnowleopardpoachingwasinvestigatedandcharged.

C.Thenumberofsnowleopardshasfallenbecausetheirhabitatisturnedintofarmland.

D.IllegalsnowleopardtradehasbeenbroughtundereffectivecontrolinChinarecently.

4.What'sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword"poach”?

A.Raising.B.Killing.C.Illegalhunting.D.Feeding.

【答案】LB2.D3.D4.C

【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。报道指出近些年雪豹被大量捕猎、非法贸易等原因濒临灭绝。各国采取措施、

如加强法律来保护它们。

1.细节理解题。根据第一段第一句"Hundredsofsnowleopards（雪豹）arebeingkilledeveryyearacrossthe

mountainsofcentralAsia,threateningthealreadyendangeredbigcat...（每年都有数百只雪豹在中亚山区被捕

杀，威胁到这种已经濒临灭绝的大猫厂可知，已经濒临灭绝的雪豹进一步受到了威胁，原因是每年数以百计

的被杀。故选B项。

2.主旨大意题。根据第三段第一句"Overhalftheso-called"ghostsofthemountains"arekilledbyfarmersfor

attacksonlivestock（牲畜）and20%aretrappedbysnares（陷阱）setforotheranimals.”可知本段主要内容是雪豹被

杀的原因：农民杀害它们因为它们会袭击家畜，或者落入给其他动物设的陷阱。根据第四段第一句“The

leopardsarealsoatriskfromclimatechange,withwarmingtemperaturesthreateningtoleaveathirdoftheir

habitatuninhabitable.”可知本段讲述另一个原因：气候变化使得气温上升威胁雪豹的栖息地，使得这些地方

无法居住。故这两段主要总结了雪豹减少的原因。故选D项。

3.推理判断题。山文中第三段最后两句"Thereportfoundupto200snowleopardsarebeingillegallytradedeach

year.Butthenumberhasfallensharplyinrecentyears,particularlyinChina,perhapsbecauseofincreasinglaw

enforcement（实施）.”可知，每年高达200只雪豹非法贸易。但是最近非法雪豹贸易的数量锐减，尤其在中国，

原因在于法律的实施。由此推知，最近，中国的非法雪豹交易得到了有效控制。故选D项。

4.词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段第二句"Strongerlawenforcementisalsoneeded,saidTraffic.Lessthana

quarterofcasesofsnowleopardpoachinghavebeenfoundandjustoneinsevencharged.”可知需要强化法律，只

有不到四分之一的poaching被发现，其中仅七分之一被指控。法律指控总是适用于违法行为，由此推知划

线词意为“非法猎捕”，与Illegalhunting同义。故选C项。

2

Therearealotofferal（野生的）camelsinAustralia.Althoughtheydon'tappeartobeasdestructiveasother

introducedspeciesbecausetheyeattreesandplantsthatournativeAustraliananimalsdon*teat,inthelastfew

yearstheAustralianCamelpopulationhasbeenincreasingatafairlyalarmingrateandbecomingabitofa

problem.

Wedidn'tseethemthatoftenwherewegrewupunlesswewentfurtherintoQueenslandorSouthAustralia.

Whenwedidseethemitwasalwaysabitofathrillforuskidsbecauseitwassomewhatofanovelty（新奇的事

物）.

ThesuggestionofbringingcamelstoAustraliawasfirstmadein1837,49yearsafterEuropeansarrivedin

Australia.TheimportingofcamelsintoAustraliabeganinthemid1800stoopenupthedesertareasofCentraland

WesternAustralia.TheywerehandledandcaredforbyMuslimcameleersthatcamefromcountrieslikeEgypt,

TurkeyandnorthernIndia.ThecameleerswerecalledAfghansor“Ghans“eventhoughmostofthemwerenot

Afghans.ThenamestucktoapartoftherailroadtrackthatlinksPortAugustainSouthAustraliatoDarwininthe

NorthernTerritory.

Bythe1920stherewereabout20,000domesticated（家养的）camelsinAustralia,butwiththearrivalofmotor

andrailtransportinthe1930speoplenolongerneededtheircamelsandalotofthemwereabandonedinthebush.

AustralianCamelsarenowexportedlivetoSaudiArabia,theUnitedArabEmiratesandothercountrieswhere

disease-freecamelsareconsideredadelicacy（佳肴）.AustralianCamelsarealsoexportedtoArabCamelracing

stablesasbreedingstock.TheUnitedStatesalsoimportsthemtouseintouristattractions.Thereareover40farms

providingridesinAustralianow.

5.WhatproblemwithcamelsinAustraliaismentioned?

A.Theycarrydisease.

B.Theyhurtpeoplesometimes.

C.Thenumberofthemisgrowingrapidly.

D.Somenativeanimalsarethreatenedbythem.

6.ForwhatpuiposewerecamelsbroughttoAustralia?

A.lbkeepthebalanceofnature.B.Todevelopthedesertareas.

C.Tosatisfykids'curiosity.D.Tocreatenewjobs.

7.Whatledtocamels'beingdesertedinAustralia?

A.Thedisappearanceofbushes.B.Thespreadofaseriousdisease.

C.Theintroductionofotheranimals.D.Theavailabilityofmodernvehicles.

8.What'sthelastparagraphmainlyabout?

A.ThehistoryofAustralianCamels.

B.WhatAustralianCamelsareusedfor.

C.TheadvantagesofAustralianCamels.

D.WhyAustralianCamelsarepopularabroad.

【答案】5.C6.B7.D8.B

【解析】本文属于说明文，文章主要讲述了澳大利亚的骆驼数量增长过快，政府开始出口骆驼以遏制它的

数量急速增长。

5.细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Althoughtheydon'tappeartobeasdestructiveasotherintroducedspecies

becausetheyeattreesandplantsthatournativeAustraliananimalsdon'teat,inthelastfewyearstheAustralian

Camelpopulationhasbeenincreasingatafairlyalarmingrateandbecomingabitofaproblem."（虽然'之彳门彳以乎不

像其他引进物种那样具有破坏性，因为它们吃的是我们澳大利业本土动物不吃的树木和植物，但在过去的

几年里，澳大利亚骆驼的数量一直以相当惊人的速度增长，并变成了一个问题）可知，澳大利亚骆驼的数

量的迅速增长是一个问题。选项C与文意相符，故选C。

6.推理判断题。根据文章第三段“TheimportingofcamelsintoAustraliabeganinthemid1800stoopenupthe

desertareasofCentralandWesternAustralia.”（从19世纪中期开始,骆驼进口到澳大利亚,开辟了中、西澳

大利亚的沙漠地区）可知骆驼被带到澳大利亚是为了开发沙漠地区。选项B与文意相符，故选B。

7.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“butwiththearrivalofmotorandrailtransportinthe1930speoplenolonger

neededtheircamelsandalotofthemwereabandonedinthebush."（但随着20世纪30年代汽车和铁路运输的到

来，人们不再需要骆驼，很多骆驼被遗弃在丛林中。）可知，现代车辆的可用性导致骆驼在澳大利亚被遗

弃。选项D与文意相符，故选D。

8.主旨大意题。根据最后一段"AustralianCamelsarenowexportedlivetoSaudiArabia,theUnitedArab

Emiratesandothercountrieswheredisease-freecamelsareconsideredadelicacy（佳肴）.AustralianCamelsarealso

exportedtoArabCamelracingstablesasbreedingstock.TheUnitedStatesalsoimportsthemtouseintourist

attractions.Thereareover40fannsprovidingridesinAustralianow.”（澳大利亚骆驼现在出口到沙特阿拉伯、

阿拉伯联合酋长国和其他国家，在这些国家，无病骆驼被认为是一种美味佳肴。澳大利亚骆驼也作为繁殖

品出口到阿拉伯骆驼赛马场。美国还进口它们用于旅游景点。现在澳大利亚有40多个农场提供游乐设施）

可知，本段主要是描述澳大利亚骆驼的现在的用途。选项B与文意相符，故选B。

3

Theproliferation（激增）offiresintheAmazonrainforestdrewinternationalattentioninAugust2019,

especiallywhenFrenchPresidentEmmanuelMacroncalledforurgentaction.Sincethen,theeyesoftheworld

haveshiftedelsewhereasHouseDemocratslaunchedanimpeachment弹劾）inquiryagainstPresidentDonald

Trump.

Meanwhile,theAmazoncontinuedtoburn.Thenumberoffiresdecreasedby35%inSeptember2019,but

expertssaythisismerelyaslowdowninacrisiswithglobalrepercussions（反口向）.Therewerestill19,925fire

outbreaksinSeptember2019ontheBrazilianpartoftherainforest,whichaccountsfornearly65%oftheAmazon

basin.Moreover,throughthefirstninemonthsof2019,thenumberoffiressoaredby41%comparedtothesame

periodin2018,Brazil?sNationalInstituteforSpaceResearch（INPE）reported.

HigherrainfalltotalsthanusualsincethebeginningofSeptember2019andmeasurestakenundermounting

pressurebyBrazilianPresidentJairBolsonaro-whodeployedthemilitarytotheAmazonandimposeda

twomonthbanonclearinglandthroughfires-contributedtotheburningdecline.

“Thefactorsthatledtosuchwidespreadfiresinthefirstplace——decreasedenforcementoffbrestlaw,illegal

deforestationforagricultureandinvasionofnativeterritories-remaininplace,"saidNigelSizer,ChiefProgram

OfficerfortheadvocacyorganizationRainforestAlliance.uItisgoodnewsthattherearefewerfiresintheAmazon

rightnow,butthisisashort-termpausefromthelargerproblem.,,

Thatproblemcentersondeforestationthroughsystematicallychoppingdowntrees,whichareeitherloggedor

burned,mostlytoconvertthelandforraisingcattleandgrowingcrops.Thepracticehasexpandedfromasmall

scaletoanindustrialproduction,leadingtoabout20%oftheBrazilianAmazonhavingbeenclearedsince1970.

9.WhoraisedinternationalattentiontotheproliferationoffiresintheAmazonrainforest?

A.EmmanuelMacron.

B.DonaldTrump.

C.NigelSizer.

D.JairBolsonaro.

10.What'sthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?

A.TherearemorefiresinAmazonnowthaneverbefore.

B.ThereweremorefiresinAmazoninAugust2019thaninSeptember2019.

C.TheproliferationoffirescoversmostofthewideareainAmazon.

D.ThefiresintheAmazonrainforestisstillburningwithinternationalattention.

11.What'sthemaincauseofthewidespreadfiresintheAmazonrainforest?

A.Decreasedenforcementofforestlaw.

B.Invasionofnativeterritories.

C.Seriousdeforestationforagriculture.

D.Theshor-termpauseoftheproliferationoffires.

12.Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?

A.Abiologytextbook.

B.Agardeningmagazine.

C.Anewspaper.

D.Atravelbrochure.

【答案】9.A10.D11.C12.C

【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。本文介绍了2019年8月份亚马逊雨林火灾的激增引发了国际的关注；9月份,

火灾数量虽有所减少，但是亚马逊雨林大火仍在燃烧，巴西总统博索纳罗下令出动军队前往亚马逖雨林开

展灭火工作；对森林法的执行降低、为了进行农业活动而非法毁林和对本土的入侵仍然是导致大火的因素，

但造成大火的主要原因是滥伐森林。

9.细节理解题。根据第一段第一句"Theproliferation（激增）o「firesintheAmazonrainforestdrewinternational

attentioninAugust2019,especiallywhenFrenchPresidentEmmanuelMacroncalledforurgentaction.（2019年8

月，亚马逖雨林火灾的激增引起国际关注，特别是法国总统马克龙呼吁采取紧急行动时）”可知，亚马逊雨

林大火的激增引起了国际关注，特别是当法国总统马克龙呼吁采取紧急行动时.，即马克龙把国际的注意力

引向了亚马逊大火，故选A。

10.主旨大意题。根据第二段"Thenumberoffiresdecreasedby35%inSeptember2019,butexpertssaythisis

merelyaslowdowninacrisiswithglobalrepercussions（反响）.（2019年9月，火灾数量减少了35%,但专家们

说，这只是在全球的间接影响下处于危机之中的一种减缓而已）“可知，2019年9月亚马逊雨林的火灾数量

下降了35%,但专家称这仅仅是在全球的间接影响下雨林处于危机之中的一种减缓而已，亚马逊雨林仍在

燃烧。故选D。

11.细节理解题。根据第四段首句"Thefactorsthatledtosuchwidespreadfiresinthefirstplace—decreased

enforcementofforestlaw,illegaldeforestationforagricultureandinvasionofnativeterritories—remainin

place…（首先导致火灾蔓延的因素是森林法的执行力下降、非法毁林用于农业和入侵土著领土……）”以及第

五段句首“Thatproblemcentersondeforestationthroughsystematicallychoppingdowntrees,whichareeither

loggedorburned,mostlytoconvertthelandforraisingcattleandgrowingcrops.（这个问题的核心是系统地砍树

造成的滥伐森林，这些树木要么被砍伐要么被烧毁，主要是为了改变土地，用来饲养牲畜和种植庄稼）“可

知，为了农业而滥伐森林是主要原因，故选C。

12.推理判断题。从全文尤其是第一段“Theproliferation（激增）offiresintheAmazonrainforestdrew

internationalattentioninAugust2019,especiallywhenFrenchPresidentEmmanuelMacroncalledforurgent

action.（2019年8月，亚马逖雨林火灾蔓延引起国际关注，特别是法国总统马克龙呼吁采取紧急行动）“可知，

本文讲述了当法国总统马克龙呼吁采取紧急行动时，2019年8月份亚马雨林火灾的激增引发了国际的关注；

9月份，火灾数量虽有所少，但是亚马逖雨林大火仍在燃烧，巴西总统博索纳罗下令出动军队前往亚马逊雨

林开展灭火工作。可知，文章介绍的是一个时事新闻，因此本文可能来自报纸。故选C。

4

Twentyyearsago,criseslikethewildfiresburningCaliforniaandHurricaneLaurastrikingLouisianain2020

couldhavebeendescribedas“naturaldisasters.^^Thankstoclimatechange,thisisnolongerthecase.Around

mid-Augustlastyear,thetemperatureinDeathValleyhitthehighesteverrecordedonEarthAhotter,drier

Californiaismuchmorelikelytoburstintoflames.TheGulfofMexicotooisheatingup,withdangerous

consequences.Hurricanesdrawtheirenergyfromthewarmthofthesurfacewatersandsoarebecomingstronger

andmorelikelytointensify.Perhapsweneedanewtermtocalltheseevents,namelyt€man-madenaturaldisasters/'

Peoplenowplaysuchadominantroleontheplanet.Bycuttingdownforestsanddiggingminesandbuilding

cities,we'vetransformedhalfoftheice-freelandonEarth.Withouradvancedtools,wemovearoundmoreearth

thanalltheworld'sriversandstreams.Asaconsequence,allsortsofcatastrophesextendacrossthelinebetween

manandnature.Manyearthquakes,forexample,arenowcausedbyhumanactivity,Meanwhile,astheclimate

continuestowarm,wildfireswillgrowevenlargerandstormsmoredamaging.AsAndrewDessler,aprofessorof

atmosphericsciencesatTexasA&MUniversity,observedlastfall,"Ifyoudon'tlikealloftheclimatedisasters

happeningin2020,1havesomebadnewsfbryouabouttherestofyour

What'stobedone?Accordingtosomescientists,thebestwaytodealwith,humanintervention（干扰）inthe

naturalworldistointervenebetter.Oldtechnologiesgotusintothissituation;newoneswillgetusout.Advocates

ofthisviewnotetheextraordinaryadvancesthatarebeingmadeallthetime,infieldsrangingfromcomputingto

geneticslomaterialscience.Topreventclimatechange,engineershavebuiltmachinesthatsuckcarbondioxide

outoftheair.Todaythenumbersarelimited,butperhapsonedaythey'llbeascommonasmobilephones.

Otherscientistsarguethatthenewworldalteringtechnologiesarelikelytohavemuchthesameimpactasthe

oldworld-alteringtechnologies,onlywith,higherrisks.Considertheexampleofsomechemicals,whichwere

producedinthehopeofsolvingtheproblemscausedbyearlyrefrigerants（制冷齐！j）,butfinallydestroyedtheozone

layer（臭氧层）.

Asforme,thechoicewefaceisnotwhethertochangetheworld;that,decisionunfortunatelyhasbeenmade.

Thedecisiongoingforwardishowarewegoingtochangeit?OvertheyearsI'veinterviewedscoresofscientists,

inventors,andentrepreneurs,andI'mcontinuallyimpressedbyhowsmarthumansareasaspecies.Butthen,the

windblowsinsmokefrom3,000milesaway,andI'mremindedofhowdangerousweareaswell.

13.Whatarethefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyabout?

A.TheseveresituationoftheCalifornia^wildfires.

B.Thecauseofcurrentnaturaldisastersonearth.

C.Theconditionsofclimatewarmingnowadays.

D.Thedevelopmentofthenaturaldisasters.

14.WhatmessageisimpliedinAndrewDessler'swords?

A.Worseconsequenceswillhappenifhumansdon'tact.

B.Humanbeingswillcontinuetotakecontroloftheearth.

C.Allnaturaldisastersarebroughtaboutbyhumanbeings.

D.Naturewillneverberestoredduetohumanbeings'mistakes.

15.Whatissomescientists'attitudetowardtheeventsinnature?

A.Tospendmoremoneyontechnologydevelopment.

B.Toreducehumaninterventioninthenaturalworld.

C.ToproducemachinestotakeCO2outoftheair.

D.Toapplynewtechnologiestodealingwiththem.

16.Howdootherscientistsargueaboutnewtechnologies?

A.Machineswillbedevelopedtoimproveclimatewarning.

B.Moreengineersareneededtodevelopnewtechnologies.

C.Newtechnologiescancausenewproblemstomankind.

D.Newtechnologiescanchangetheworldforcertain.

17.Whatdoestheauthorindicateinthelastparagraph?

A.Weshouldnotchangetheworldanymore.

B.Weshouldfeelproudofhumans,intelligence.

C.Itisthewayhumanschangetheworldthatcounts.

D.Althoughhumansaresmart,weareindangeraswell.

【答案】13.B14.A15.D16.C17.C

【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人为自然灾害产生的原因以及对策。

13.主旨大意题。根据首段的尾句"Perhapsweneedanewtenntocalltheseevents,namely"man-madenatural

disasters.'（也许我们需要一个新词来称呼这些事件，即“人为的自然灾害可知，首段引入自然灾害的概念。

根据第二段的前两句"Peoplenowplaysuchadominantroleontheplanet.Bycuttingdownforestsanddigging

minesandbuildingcities,we'vetransformedhalfoftheice-freelandonEarth.（人类现在在地球上扮演着如此重

要的角色。通过砍伐森林、开矿和建设城市，我们改变了地球上一半的无冰土地户可知，人类活动是自然灾

害的原因。故选B项。

14.推理判断题。根据第二段尾句"AsAndrewDessler,aprofessorofatmosphericsciencesatTexasA&M

University,observedlastfall,'Ifyoudon'tlikealloftheclimatedisastershappeningin2020,Ihavesomebad

newsforyouabouttherestofyourlifb.'（正如TexasA&MUniversity大气科学教授安德鲁•德斯勒去年秋天观

察到的那样，如果你不希望2020年所有的气候灾难都发生，我有一些关于你余生的坏消息要告诉你厂可知，

如果人类不采取行动，后果会更糟。故选A项。

15.推理判断题。根据第三段的第二句"Oldtechnologiesgotusintothissituation;newoneswillgetusout.（旧技

术让我们陷入了这种境地；新的技术会带我们出去）“可知，一些科学家认为可以用新技术处理自然灾害。故

选D项。

16.推理判断题。根据第四段的首句"Otherscientistsarguethatthenewworldalteringtechnologiesarelikelyto

havemuchthesameimpactastheoldworld-alteringtechnologies,onlywithhigherrisks.（其他不斗学家认为，改变

世界的新技术很可能产生与改变世界的旧技术相同的影响，只是风险更高）”可知，其他科学家认为，新技术

会给人类带来新问题。故选C项。

17.推理判断题。根据文章尾段的前两句"Asforme,thechoicewefaceisnotwhethertochangetheworld;that,

decisionunfortunatelyhasbeenmade.Thedecisiongoingforwardishowarewegoingtochangeit?（对我来说，我

们面临的选择不是是否要改变世界；很不幸，这个决定已经做出了。未来的决定是我们将如何改变它？r

可知，作者认为重要的是人类改变世界的方式。故选C项。

二、完形填空

Youjustcan'timaginewhatabravemotherislike.Shewasamotherofthree,whojust18an

earthquake,couldn'ttellifherchildrenwere19forhelp.Orwhatifyouknewyoucouldn'tyellatherfor

helpbecauseshecouldn't20you?ThatwaswhathappenedtoConnieandherthreechildrenwhenthe

6.1-magnitude21rockedNapa,California.Connieis22andcommunicateswithherchildrenusing

23.

Atmidnight,Connieandherthreechildrenwere24onthefirstflooroftheirtwo-storyhome.Sheand

her16-year-oldson,Juan,were25awake.Instantly,theyrealizedtherewerenodisastersupplies26

Connie,also27one-month-oldRauland8-year-oldAdriana,calledJuantocomeclosetoherinthedarkness

and28forhimtogoupstairstogeta29

Juanslowly30thestairs.Heheardaloudcreak（嘎吱声）.Arrivingonthetopfloor,hemovedquickly

but31togetwhatheneeded.Usingtheflashlighttoguidehis32backdownthestairs,thefamily

wasabletotakeafew33fromthefirstfloorand34Theirhomewasalmostinruins.

Beingdeafwasnotdeterrent（妨碍物）forthis35mother.Thefamilym