外研版高三英语高三英语一轮复习-定语从句

高三英语一轮复习一一定语从句个个击破——词汇adj.普通的；平常的vi. 漂浮vi. 形成n. 天平n.阶段n. （常作复数）设备n. （大学的）科，系vi.膨胀—contractvi.收缩（反义词）n.混合物—mixvt.混合n.电—electricadj.电的；用电的—adj.与电有关的；电气化的nn.结论—concludev.下结论n.&v.目标；以……为目标—aimlessadj.漫无目的的.n.设备；装备—equipvt.装备；配备vi.（化学）反应—reactionn.反应n.演讲—lecturern.演讲者.adj•.吃惊的；惊愕的—astonishingadj.令人吃惊的—vt.使吃惊—astonishmentn.惊奇个个击破……短语.往 加入 .为……感到骄傲/自豪.应当；理应.过去（常常）…….与……反应.先走，发生，开始做，进行吧.使……整齐/有条理.弄清楚，弄明白.防止……进入.轮流单句语法填空.—Wouldyouliketodrinksomecoffeewithsomesugarormilk?一Oh,I,dlikesomemilk(add)tothecoffee.Thedoctorthoughtwouldbegoodforyoutohaveaholiday.1needsome(boil)watertowashdownmedicineafterbreakfast.Theydiscussedtheproblemforawholeday,buttheycouldn,tcometoan(conclude).Atfirst,ourcompanywasverysmall,butafterpurchasingsomesmallerones,itsoon(expand)intoalargeone.Hewas(astonish)tofindhisreadingabilityimproved.Hearingthenews,shefeltastrange(mix)ofexcitementandfear.IhavereachedapointinmylifewhereI(suppose)tomakedecisionsofmyown.Theplaytobeproducednextmonthaimsmainly(reflect)thelocalculture.ChinaDailyhasninewebsitesinthreelanguagesandthreemobileplatforms,(form)Asia,sbiggestnetworkofEnglish-languagenewsandinformation.Goodshoes,clothesandabackpackarethebasic(equip)youneedforyourhiking.IamreallyabitworriedbecauseIhavenoideawhatmyparents,(react)willbetomypoorexaminationresult.个个击破•一.定语从句一、关系代词引导的定语从句that用于下列情况：(1)先行词是all,something,everything,anything,nothing,little,much,few等不定代词；(2)先行词被all,any,every,no,little,much,some等词修饰；⑶先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词；(4)先行词被theonly,thevery(正是、恰是)，thelast修饰；⑸先行词中既有人也有物；(6)在which或who的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句；(7)先行词是theway,并在定语从句中充当状语时，关系代词用that/inwhich或省略关系词。Hetalkedaboutthepeopleandtheplacethathehadvisitedinthatcountry.他谈到了他在那个国家所见到的人和所参观的地方。whose用来指人或物，在定语从句中只作定语。Theschoolshop,whosecustomersaremainlystudents,isclosedfortheholidays.这家学校商店大部分的顾客是学生，因放假而暂停营业了。Childrenwhoarenotactiveorwhosedietishighinfatwillgainweightquickly.很少进行体育锻炼或饮食富含脂肪的孩子体重会增加很快。who,whom,that这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。I,vebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschoolwhoImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.我已与去年在英语演讲比赛中遇到的我校的几个学生成为了好朋友。which用于下列情况：（1）引导非限制性定语从句；⑵关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前；⑶先行词本身是that时；⑷引导的定语从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。（全国卷H）Thatevening,whichIwilltellyoumoreaboutlater,Iendedupworkingverylate.那天晚上我工作到很晚，随后我会告诉你更多相关的情况。二、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句.考查该结构中关系代词的选用。若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用whom,指物时常用which。另外，whose也可以放在介词后，即“介词+whose+名词”结构，whose指人、物皆可。（天津高考）IwishtothankProfessorSmith,withoutwhosehelpIwouldneverhavegotthisfar.我希望感谢史密斯教授，没有他的帮助，我永远不会走这么远。.考查该结构中介词的选用。一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下三方面入手：先行词的意义;从句中的动词的固定搭配；句子的意思。⑵表示“整体和部分关系”介词常用of。常见结构：①在some,any,few,little,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each等代词或数词的前/后可以用ofwhich/whom。②the+比较级或最高级前/后用ofwhich/whom等。（2013-重庆高考）Johninvitedabout40peopletohiswedding,mostofwhomarefamilymembers.约翰邀请了大约40人参加他的婚礼，他们当中绝大部分是家庭成员。RecentlyIboughtanancientvase,thepriceofwhich（=whoseprice）wasveryreasonable.最近我买了个古代的花瓶，它的价钱很合理。三、as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别.一般情况下，as所引导的非限制性定语从句放在主句之前、主句之后或者插在主句中间皆可，而which所引导的非限制性定语从句则只能放在主句之后。（2013-安徽高考）MoYanwasawardedtheNobelPrizeforLiteraturein2012,whichmadeoneoftheChinesepeople,slonghelddreamscometrue.莫言被授予2012年诺贝尔文学奖，这使中国人长久以来拥有的梦想之一变成现实。.当非限制性定语从句的谓语为beannounced,beexpected,beknown,bereported,besaid,beshown等被动式谓语时，常用as引导。（福建高考）Theairqualityinthecity,asisshowninthereport,hasimprovedoverthepasttwomonths.正如报告所显示的，在过去的两个月里，这个城市的空气质量已有所改善。.as表示整个主句内容时，有时含有“正如；正像”等意思，而which无此意。.在下列固定结构中，关系代词as代表整个主句所述的内容，一般不用which。asweknow 众所周知ashasbeensaidbefore 如前所述asisoftenthecase情况常常如此四、关系副词引导的定语从句当关系词在定语从句中作状语时，要用关系副词。其中when=表时间的介词（如in,at,on,during等）+which；where=表地点的介词（如in,at,on,under等）+which；why=表原因的介词（如for）+whicho关系副词when,where,why的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。（2013•新课标卷H）WhenIarrived,BryantookmetoseethehousewhereIwouldbestaying.当我到达时，Bryan带我去看了我将要住的房子。ThereasonwhyIdon,ttrusthimisthatheoftentellslies.我不信任他的原因是他常常撒谎。注意：（1）当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如：point,situation,case,stage等时，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句；如果不作状语，则用关系代词that/whichoRememberthatthereisstillonepointwhichwemustmakeclearattheconferencetomorrow.记住在明天的会议上我们还有一点必须弄清楚。She,sinahopelesssituation,wherewewillkeepaverycloseeyeonher.她处于无望的处境中，在这种情况下我们将密切注意她。⑵先行词occasions当“时机”讲时，用关系副词when；当“场合”讲时，用关系副词whereoOccasionsarequiterarewhenIhavethetimetospendadaywithmykids.我有时间陪我的孩子们一天的机会很少。（2014-安徽蒙城一中二次月考）Whatdoyouthinkofthereasonthat/whichhegaveatthemeetingyesterday?你认为他在昨天的会议上给出的原因怎么样？五、特殊定语从句分隔式定语从句先行词与关系词分隔插入式定语从句关系代词与定语从句之间有插入语省略式定语从句介词+关系代词+不定式介词+关系副词fromwhere/sincewhen也可弓I导定语从句①Thedaysaregonewhenphysicalstrengthwasallyouneededtomakealiving.体力是你赖以生存的唯一手段的日子一去不复返了。②（2014・重庆一中高三二模）Toownacomputerinfamilies,whichwethoughtwasimpossibletwentyyearsago，nowbecomestrue.家里有台电脑，在20年前我们认为这是不可能的事，现在实现了。③Icameherein1949，sincewhenIhavebeenengagedinthiswork.我1949年到这里，从那时起我就从事这项工作。④Westoodatthetopofthehill，fromwherewecanseethetown.我们站在山顶上能看到全镇的景色。⑤Thepoormanhasnohouseinwhichtolive.=Thepoormanhasnohouse（that/which）hecanlivein.这个可怜的人没有房子住。易错警示在英语中，有许多从句，如主语从句、同位语从句以及强调句型与定语从句有许多相似之处。因此，命题人会利用这些相似性，设置一个特定语境，来考查考生对这些易混点的辨析能力。遇到这样的问题，我们的思路就是，抓住它们各自的特征，结合语境去判断到底属于何种句型或从句。①Ihavethreecars,noneofwhichisingoodcondition.（定语从句）②Ihavethreecars,butnoneofthemisingoodcondition.（并歹列句）③Thesuggestionthathecameupwithispractical.（定语从句，that在从句中充当宾语可省略）④Hegavemeasuggestionthatweshouldreadaloudeverymorning.（同位语从句，that在从句中不作成分，但不可省略）单句语法改错TherearethreepeopleinmyfamilyandI,mtheonlyonechild,whoisverycommoninChinesefamilies.Travellingabroad,youshouldfollowthecustomsofthecountrywhereyouarevisiting.Remember,youcantakethecontestinChinaDailynewspaper,thatisverypopularamonghighschoolstudents.willneverforgetthedayonthatwewenttobuyguitarsintheguitarstore.Onanautumnafternoon,weweresenttoafarmwhichwelearnedtoplantpotatoes.Whatweallknow,agoodlearningenvironmentisofgreatimportanceifwewanttostudyEnglishwell.ThemanagerjusttoldmetosayanythingwhichIcouldimagineaboutthecity.TherearemanyshopswherecanlendpeopleTVsets.Theshopsareoftenfilledwithagreatmanypeople.Igavethatboysodifficultamathproblemwhichhecouldn,tworkout.TheyellowhousewhichwindowsfacesouthistheplacewhereIspentmychildhood.用适当的关系词填空Herperformancesonthestagewereperfect,madealotofpeopleadmireher.iswidelyaccepted,intheMiddleEastArabsgreeteachotherbytouchingnoses,butthisisnotapolitewayofgreetinginothercultures.Whentimesbecomedifficult,rememberamomentinyourlifewasfilledwithjoyandhappiness.Betweenthelecturesis20minutes,break,thestudentscangetrelaxed.Playingbasketballisasportworkingasateammattersmore.Forexample,theotherdayIsawacouple,werebuyingmagazinesattheairport.Getyourselffamiliarwithlocallawsandcustomsofthecountriestoyouaretravelling.TotheEgyptians,greenwasacolor representedthehopeandjoyofspring,whileforMuslims,itmeansheaven.Unfortunately,thesamebraintellsustolooktowardthefuturewillonlyrepeatitselfsothat“someday”neveractuallyarrives.AstoryIreadtwoyearsago,nameIcan,trememberclearly,changedmyideaabouteducation.Thescenicspotcanattract10,000touristseveryyear,ofuptohalfareforeigners.TheInternetiswidelyusednowadays,speedsuptheappearanceofsomenewindustries.ThelivingstandardofthepeopleinChina,isshowninthereport,hasimprovedoverthepastdecades.Myuncleretiredin1998,sincehehasbeendevotinghistimetohelpingpoorchildren.Guesswhat!Icameacrossmyprimaryschoolteacherthismorning,withIhavelosttouchforalmost20years.个个击破——阅读理解Thesoundofamosquitocanmeantroubleinmanypartsoftheworld.Thebiteofthemosquitocanbedeadly.Theinsectscarryseriousdiseaseslikemalaria.Itisestimatedthatalmost630,000peoplediedfrommalariaandmalaria-relatedcausesin2012,andmostofthesecaseswereinAfricancountries.IntheUnitedStates,agroupofCaliforniascientistsisworkingtodevelopamoreeffectiveandlesscostlysubstance（物质）toprotectpeoplefrommosquitoes.Theresearchersareinvestigatingthesenseofsmellinmosquitoes.Theyfoundtheinsectsusethesamereceptor（感受器）foridentifyingcarbondioxideinhumanbreathastheydoforthesmellofourskin.AnandasankarRay,whoisleadingtheinvestigation,saysscientiststestedmorethanamillionchemicalcompounds（化合物）untiltheyfoundasubstancecalledEthylpyruvate.HesaysEthylpyruvatemakesthemosquitoes,receptorinactive."WhenweapplyEthylpyruvatetoahumanarmandofferittohungrymosquitoesinacage，veryfewofthemosquitoesareattractedtothehumanarmbecauseonlyafewofthemareabletosmellitout,“saidRay.GenevieveTauxe,amemberoftheresearchteam,saysitwasnoteasytofindtheneurons（神经兀）ofnoblecellsthatrecogniseboththesmellofhumanbreathandskin."Withthedeviceusedtoexaminemosquitoes,weareabletoinsertaverysmallelectrode（电极）intothepartofthemosquitoes,nose,whereitssmellingneuronsareandwherethesmellishappening,“saidTauxe.AnandasankarRaysaysaproductbasedonEthylpyruvatemaycostlesstoproducethanDEFT,themosteffectivechemicaltreatmentnowinuse.HesaysDEFTistoocostlyformostpeoplewholiveinareasaffectedbymalaria.“Perhapsbyfindingsmellsthatcanattackothertargetreceptors,wewillbeabletoimproveuponDEFTandfinallyhavethenextgenerationofinsectbehaviorcontrolproducts,“saidRay.ThebesttitleforthepassageismostprobablyScientistsFindNewSubstancetoFightMosquitoesANewGenerationofDEETHasBeenDevelopedtoKillMosquitoesMalaria—aSeriousDiseaseCausing630,000DeathsEthylPyruvate-anInsectBehaviorControlProductAccordingtothepassage,EthylPyruvatecan.A.killthemosquitoes,smellingneuronsB.causethemosquitoestolosetheirsenseofsmellC.resultintheinactivenessofthemosquitoes,receptorD.makethemosquitoesuninterestedinhumanbreathandskinsmellThroughthepassage,thewriteraimsrmreadersofthenewdevelopmentinfightingmosquitoespraisetheachievementsmadeinthebattleagainstmalariaintroduceacheaperproductinfightingmosquitoestellthedifferencesbetweenEthylPyruvateandDEETThispassagemostprobablyappearsin.thecolumnofnewspaperadsthehealthcolumnofamagazineatextbookofmedicalschoolsacollectionofdoctors,essays个个击破~~完形填空IwasinHoustonafewweeksago，andneededtobebackhomeinAustinbynoonthenextday.I,dhavealong,tiringridehome,soIdecidedto1around5inthemorning.Iwason1-10inthemiddleofHoustonwhenIrealizedIleftmyinhalerbehind,andhadto2togetit.ItookthefirstexitIcould，butwhenIroundedthecorner,an18-wheelerwasstoppeddeadintheexitlane.Iswervedto_3__it,butclippedthecurbandmytyreblewout.Ipulledintoasmallparkinglotandfoundthearea4at5：15am.I,velivedinurbanareasmostofmylife.I,mfairlystreetwiseandnot5scared,butIknewIwasinapretty6neighborhood.TherewasnooneinHoustontopickmeup.Iimmediately_7_thedoorsandpickedupmyphonetocallatowtruck.Soonaman_8onmydriver,ssidewindowandaskedifhecouldhelpme.Fromhis9andbehaviour,Iknewhewasfarmorelikelyto_10二thanhelpme,soIpolitely_11=himdownandtoldhimthetowtruckwasdueanyminute.Heaskedagain,butagainIpolitely12.Hefinallysaid,“Ma,am,youneedhelp.Itremainstobeseenwhetherthetowtruckwillarrive,andyouaren,tgoinganywhereuntilyougetthetyrereplaced.”Ilookedhard,straightintohiseyes,and_13_sawsomeonedifferentfromthethug（恶棍）heappearedtobeatfirstglance.So,—14allrationaljudgment,buttrustingmyinstincts（本能），Igotout.Helooked_15_,butgotrighttowork,tryingtofindthe16.Ittookawhile, 17itwasstoredunderneaththevan.He_18_thetyre,returnedtheseat（机座）toitsplaceandsaid,“Thankyouforlettingmehelpyou.Yougavemea（n）-19whenmostpeoplewouldneveropenthedoortosomeonelikeme.”Ileftwithanewtyreandarenewed20inhumannature.A.setout B. setdown C.setabout D. setasideA.run B.continue C.return D.speed

3.A.catchB.escapeC.followD.avoid4.A.crowdedB.desertedC.scaringD.noisy5.A.suddenlyB.terriblyC.easilyD.likely6.A.toughB.friendlyC.safeD.modern7.A.openedB.lockedC.cleanedD.covered8.A.struckB.pushedC.touchedD.knock