文稿分析练习

II.Gr SectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagesbelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.PositivethinkingcanhelpyouSomeathletescanreachgreatgoalssuchastheachievementofanOlympicgoldmedal.Othersneverliveuptotheirpromise.Whatkindofpreparationbefore(25) raceorothereventmakesthedifference?Everyoneknowsthatathletessparenoeffort(26) (strengthen)theirbodies.Butresearchesshowthatstrengtheningthemindmaybejustasimportant.Carefulstudyindicatesthatthebestathleteswinpartly(27) theythinktheycanwin.Thinkingpositivethoughtsseemstogivethepossibilityforsuccessinsports.Peoplewhosaytothemselvesoverandover“IknowI(28) dothis.”oftenfindtheyhavetheadvantagetowin.Ontheotherhand,peopleoftenfailwhothink“Ican’twin.”Oneprocedure(29) helpsmanyathletesiscreatingpicturesinthemind.Theyaretoldtothinkofeachmovetheymustdo.Someusemorefancifulpictures.Oneskaterlikedtoimagineastarburstinginsideher,(30) (fill)herwithenergy.Anotherathletewhowantedtofeelcalmpicturedhimselfasabirdfloatingintheair.Nexttimeyouwanttomakeprogress,trytrainingyourmindtohelpyou.Perhapsateacherorotherinstructorcanhelpyounyourtraining.Ifyouimagineyourselfng(31) youmaysoonseeimprovementin(32) youreallycando.Positivethinkingandpicturescreatedinyourmindcanhelpyouwin!TwoBritishAustralia,thelastcontinent,wasdiscoveredbyshipsbelongingtosomeEuropeannationsinthe17thcentury.Thesenationswerelessinterestedinchangingitintoacolonythanexploringit.AsintheearlyhistoryoftheUnitedStates,itwastheEnglish(33) setupthesettlementsinAmerica.ThishistoryandthegeographyofthesetwoBritishcolonieshavesome(34) thingsincommon.AustraliaandtheUnitedStatesareaboutequalinsize,andneitheroftheirwesternlandsarerichinsoil.ItwasalongtheeasterncoastofAustraliaandAmericathattheEnglishfirstsettled,andbothcoloniessoonbegantodeveloptowardsthewest.However,thisWestwardMovementtookcemorebecausetheEnglish(35) (search)forbetterlandthanbecausethepopulationwasincreasing.Settlementsofthewesternpartofbothcountriesdevelopedquicklyafter (discover)inAmericain1849andinAustraliatwoyearsAlthoughthedevelopmentofthesetwocountrieshasalotincommon,therearesomestrikingdifferencesaswell.TheUnitedStatesgaineditsindependencefromEnglandbyrevolutionAustraliawonitsindependencewithout(37) (go)towar.Australia,firstly(38) intoacolonybyEnglishprisoners,wasunliketheUnitedStates,anditseconomicdevelopmentwasinwheatgrowingandsheepraising.By1922,forexample,Australiahadfifteentimesmoresheepthanithadpeople,oralmosthalfasmanysheepastherearepeoplenowintheUnitedStates.Yet, theseandothermaindifferences,AustraliaandtheUnitedStateshavemoreincommonwitheachotherthaneitherone(40) (have)withtherestoftheworld.SectionDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A. C.D.E.F.G.H. K.WheneverItravel,ImeetinternationalleaderswhohavestudiedinBritain.Theseenergetic,inligentpeoplechoseBritainbecauseweofferhighqualityhighereducation.ThisisgoodnewsfortheUK.Peoplewhoareeducatedherehavea41tietoourcountry.TheypromoteBritainaroundtheworld,helourtradeandourdiplomacy.Itiseasierforourexecutivesandourdiplomatstodobusinesswithpeople42withBritain.Britishexportsofeducationandtrainingareworthsomeeightbillionpoundsayear.Moneyfeedsintoourinstitutionsandhelpsour43toopenupopportunitiesformorepeopletostudy.Ouryoungpeoplealso44.Theygainfromthedoorsintheworldwhichcontactwithinternationalstudents.Wecanteach,butwecanalsolearnfromothers.Nowadays,wearelaunchingalong-termstrategytostrengthentheUnitedKingdomasafirstchoiceforthequalityofstudyandthequalityofour45tointernationalstudents.ThiswillbeaUK-wideandaernment-wideeffort.Weare46apackageofmeasurestohelpencouragestudentsfromoverseastostudyintheUK.Wewillofferinternationalstudentsmoreopendoors.…Wehavethemeasuresince,butwearealso47toughtargetsforrecruitment(招募).Wewanttohave25percentoftheglobalmarketshareofhighereducationstudentsandwewanttoincreasethenumberofinternationalstudentsstudyinginFurtherEducationinstitutionsby100percent.Ouraimisto48thesetargetsin5years.Toughtargets,butdeliverable.WhilegivingtheseundertakingsIalsowanttolaydownachallengetoothers.Tobusiness—Iaskyouto49withtheBritishCounciloverseastomarketeducation.Andtouniversitiesandcolleges—Iaskyoutoliveuptoyour50toprofessionaliseyourapproach,todeliveraqualityeducationtooverseasstudentsthatencouragesinvolvementandrisestothechallengeofourcompetitors,toworkaspartnerstogether.III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagestherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.TheUnitedStatesdoesnothavea ernmentofficethatregulatesthefilmindustry.ernment,51,doeslinkwiththemoviebusinessinseveralways.IntheUnitedStates,figenerallycomefromtwo :largestudiosthatproducefiandevisionprogramseachyearandindependentfilmmakers,includingbothstudentsandexperiencedfilmmakers.Sometimes—throughgrantsfromuniversitiesorartsorhumanitiescouncils—independentfilmmakersdoreceive53indirectlyfromfundingthatoriginatedwiththelocal,state,orfederalernment,butmoreoftenfundingcomesfromprivateinvestorsorthroughcharityorganizations54eitherpromotionofartsorpromotionofacausebeingaddressedbyafilm.Whilethereisno55offilm,therearemanyernmentofficesthatinctwiththefilmindustry.Atthestateandlocallevels,ernmentfilmofficespromotelocalfilmlocationsbecauseuseoftheirlocalebringsemploymentandother56advantagestopromotelocaltouristsites.Theseofficesalsohelpfilmmakersworkwiththeandothersto57filmingthatimpactstraffic,usespublicbuildings,orotherwiseneedsspecialconsideration.58,ernmentorganizations,especiallythebranchesofthemilitary,haveofficesthathelpcoordinate（协调）filmmakers’useoffacilities,equipment,and nel.Itwould59forexample,forafilmmakertoconstructamake-believeaircraftcarrierortohireacastofextrastobeinthe60ofamoviewholooklikerealsoldiers,sailorsairmen,ormarineswhosehaircuts,fitnesslevels,andpostureareoftendifferentfromthatofcivilian(群众)actors).Themilitaryiswillingtomaketheirfacilities61,withinreason,forapprovedprojects,andeachbranchhasanofficethathandlestheserequestsOtherbranchesoftheernment62requeststousepublicspacesandbuildings,suchasmonumentsorparks.Manyyearsago,theU.S.ernmentdidproducequiteafewfeaturefiandworkedcloselywithHollywoodonfithatwouldencouragepublicmoraleduringwartime.However,WorldWarII,theseprogramshavebeen duetoacombinationofbudgetaryandphilosophicalconcerns.TheUnitedStatesInformationAgency,64,formanyyearsproducedfiforexhibitiontooverseasaudiencestocomplementitsothereducationalprograms.Onesuchfilm,JohnF.Kennedy:YearsofLightning,DayofDrums,aposthumouscontributionto,evenwonthe1965AcademyAwardforbestary.This65,nowapartofU.S.DepartmentofState,nolongerproducessuchfeaturefi51.A.B.C.D.52.A.B.C.D.53.A.B.C.D.54.A.regardedB.comparedC.madeD.concerned55.A.B.C.D.56.A.B.C.D.57.A.cooperateB.focusC.arrangeD.make58.A.B.C.D.59.A.B.C.D.60.A.B.C.D.61.A.B.C.D.62.A.B.C.D.63.A.B.C.D.64.A.forB.byC.inD.asa65.A.B.C.D.SectionDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.“MaybewhenI’m90yearsold,I’llgetusedtohavingeverythingIdotakenforgranted,”ayounghomemakertoldasecrettoherneighbor,“IfBillwouldcomplimentmeonceinawhile,he’dmakemylifemuchhappier.”ofapprovalnowandthenorloseourself-confidence.Allofusneedtofeelneededandadmired.Butunlesswehearwordsofpraisefromsomeoneelse,howcanweknowthatwearevaluedfriendsorco-workers?Anyonewhowantstoimprovehisrelationshipswithothersneedonlyshowasympatheticunderstanding.Thewaytoexpressthisunderstandingandtogiveothersthefeelingofimportanceandworthinessboilsdowntothis:alwayslookforsomethingintheother youcanadmireandpraiseandlhimaboutit.Weeachhaveamentalpictureofourselves,aself-image.Tofindlifereasonablysatisfying,thatself-imagemustbeonewecanlivewith,onewecanlike.Whenweareproudofourself-image,wefeelconfidentandtobeourselves.Wefunctionatourbest.Whenweareashamedofourself-image,weattempttohideitratherthanexpressit.We ehardtogetalongwith.Amiraclehappenstothe whoseself-pridehasbeenraised.Hesuddenlylikesotherpeoplebetter.Heiskinderandmorecooperativewiththosearoundhim.Praiseisthepolishthathelpskeephisself-imagebrightandsparkling.Whathasthistodowithyourgivingpraise?Alot.Youhavetheabilitytoperformthatkindofmiracleinanother .Whenyouaddtohisself-pride,youmakehimwanttolikeyouandtocooperatewithyou.Inaclassicbitofadvice,LordChesterfieldsuggestedtohissonthatheshouldfollowtheexampleoftheDukedeNivernoise:“Youwillrecognizethathemakespeoplepleasedwithhimbymakingthemfirstpleasedwiththemselves.”TheeffectsofPraisecanbegreatindeed.Anewministercalledtoachurchwhosememberswerejokinglyreferredtoas“arefrigerator”byotherministersdecidedagainstcriticizinghispeoplefortheircoolnesstowardstrangers.Instead,hebegan ingvisitorsandlingthemhowfriendlythemembersofthechurchwere.Thingsgraduallychanged.“Praisetransformedtheice-cubemembersintowarmheartedhumanbeings,”hesaid.Fromparagraph[1]andparagraph[2]wecanlearn theyounghomemakerhadathirstforBill’stheneighborremindedBilltocomplimenttheitiswell-knownthatweallneedencouragementverygettingotherpeople’sapprovalleadstolosingself-Accordingtothepassage, edifficulttogetonwithprobably wewanttoshowourself- B.wearenotsatisfiedwithourself-C.amiraclehappenstoother D.weareashamedofbeingTheexampleinparagraph[8]lsus LordChesterfieldadvisedhissontopraisetheDukedetheDukedeNivernoismadeLordChesterfieldpleasedwithhispraisingotherpeoplewillhelpwinotherpeople’sreceivingwordsofpraiseshouldgobeforepraisingotherInparagraph[9],“arefrigerator”wasquotedprobably itwas zingcoldinthethenewministercriticizedhispeoplethechurchtooktheshapeofathemembersofthechurchwereunfriendlytoEXPERT

Eachhour-longworkshoprunstwice;participateinanytwoofNETNETAdamDavidson&AlexBlumberg,Co-FoundersandHostsofNPR’snetMoney(BallroomJaniceTsai,InternationalAssociate(BallroomB)Exploretheglobaleconomythroughthelensofanitemyouweareveryday—theT-shirt.We’llfollowthejourneyofatypicalT-shirtaroundtheworldasitisproducedandsold.Duringthejourneywe’lltravelacrossmorethan20,000overfourcontinents,meetingthepeoplethatmaketheclotheswewear.Then,inteamsyou’llcreatecompetingT-shirtcompaniesandgothrougheverystageoftheprocess,fromcomingupwithadesigntoassemblingJaniceTsai,InternationalAssociate(BallroomB)10SocialChangeWaysMakeYouaThissessionwillexposethemyththatbeingasocialchangemakermakesyouaself-importantachiever.Instead,we’llhighlightthe10waysbeingasocialchangemakerwhichwillmakeyouprobablyaballer.How?We’llsharerealexamplesofyoungpeopleacrosstheglobethataremakingadifference—bigandsmall—intheircommunities.IrvingSteel,InternationalLiaisonOfficer,TCSEducationSystemandAdvisoratEdenworksWangZongying,ExecutiveDirectoroftheWomen’sCEONetworkofPatrickWoock,Co-FounderoftheInternationalEntrepreneur(BallroomIsAquaponicstheFutureofetothefutureoffood!Aquaponicsrespondstothegrowingneedforsustainablemethodsoffoodproductionbytakingtwopractices,pairingtheproductionoffishandntstogetherandconnectingthemthroughaneco-systemtocreateenvironmentalefficiency;Aquaponicsusesonly10percentofwatercomparedtotraditionalagricultureandyields2-3timestheamountoffood,withouttheuseofchemicalsandpesticides().TheU.S.and useroughlyhalfofallchemicalfertilizerintheworldforfoodproduction.Imaginethepossibilities.Eachexpertworkshop runsonlyonceonMondaylastsabouttwoorthreehoursaishostedbytwoexpertsindifferentisheldinaseparateTheworkshopinBallroomAisaimedtohelptheparticipants studytheglobaleconomythroughthelensoftheT-startthejourneyofatypicalfactoryaroundthemeetthepeoplethatmaketheclotheswhichwegothrougheverystageofassemblingmockT-WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUEabouttheworkshopinBallroomAprilWrightandJaniceTsaiwillhosttheThisworkshopwillexposethemythofasocialThehostswillsharesomerealexamplesofyoungpeopleovertheYou’lllearnaboutsomebigandsmalldifferencesmadeinsome“Aquaponics”mentionedinthelastworkshopprobablyrefersto theintroductionoffutureatraditionalagricultureaneco-systemforfoodatestonchemicalsandThelate1980sfoundthelandscapeofpopularmusicinAmericadominatedbyadistinctivestyleofrockandrollknownasglamrockorhairmetal—socalledbecauseoftheover-styledhair,Cruepopularizedglamrockwiththeirpowersongsandflashystyle,buttheproducthadwornthinbytheearly1990s.Justassuperficialasthe80s,glamrockerswereshallow,shortonsubstance,andmusicallyinferior.In1991,aSeattle-basedbandcalledNirvanashockedthecorporatemusicindustrywiththereleaseofitsfirstsingle,“SmellsLikeTeenSpirit,”whichquicklybecameahugehitallovertheworld.NirvanahadsimplymainstreamedasoundandculturethatgotitsstartyearsbeforewithbandslikeMudhoney,Soundgarden,andGreenRiver.Grunge()rockersderivedtheirfashionsensefromtheyouthcultureofthePacificNorthwest:amixingofpunk（鬅客）rockstyleandoutdoorsclothinglikeheavyboots,wornoutns,andsoon.Attheheightofthemovement’sopportunity,whenotherSeattlebandslikePearlJamandAliceinChainswere ingpopular,thetrapsofgrungewereworkingtheirwaytotheheightofAmericanfashion.Likethemusic,theteenagerswerefasttoacceptthegrungefashionbecauseitrepresentedrebellionagainstpopThepopularityofgrungemusicwasmomentary;bythemid-tolate-1990s,itsinfluenceuponAmericanculturehadallbutdisappeared,andmostofitsrecognizablebandswerenowheretobeseentothecharts.TheheavysoundandthemesofgrungewererecedontheradiowavesbyboybandsliketheBackstreetBoys,andthebubblegumpopofBritneySpearsandChristinaAguilera.TherearemanyreasonswhytheSeattlesoundfadedoutofthemainstreamasquicklyasitedtodistinction,butthemostglaringreasonliesattherebellion,anti-establishmentheartthegrungemovementitself.Itisveryhardtoresistthetrendwhenyouaretheonesettingit,andmanyofthegrungebandswerenevercomfortablewiththefamethatwasbroughttothem.Eventually,thesimplefactthatmanygrungebandsweresoagainstmainstreamrockstardom(明星地位tookthemovementbacktowhereitstarted:underground.ThefickleAmericanmainstreampublic,asquickastheyweretohopontothegrungebandwagon,werejustasquicktohopoffandmoveontosomethingelse.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothefirstThelandscapeofpopularmusicwasdominatedbyrockandrollfromTherockandrollformedadistinctivestylejustbecauseoftheover-styledGlamrockbecamepopularwiththehelpofPoison,WhitesnakeandBritneyGlamrockerswereshallow,shortonsubstance,andtheirmusicwasItwasnotlongbefore edgrungefashionbecause itwouldrepresenttheyouthgrungerockerstoldthemtoaccepttheyweretiredofGlamRockitresistedtheshallownessofpopWhatisthedifferencebetweenglamrockandgrungeGlamrockwasflashier,whilegrungerockwasGlamrockappealedtoteenagers,whilegrungerockappealedtoGlamrockfadedquickly,whilegrungerockisstillGlamrockwasmorecommerciallysuccessfulthangrungeWhatisthewritertrying inthisThepopularityofglamNirvana’sroleinpopularizinggrungeTheriseandfallofgrungeThereasonswhyyoungpeoplelovedgrungeSectionDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.Bythemid-19thcenturymostofEuropewasinthefirststageofthedemographic(人口的transition.Deathratehaddecreasedaswars,famines(饥荒anddiseaseshad;localfoodshortageswererarerthankstobettereconomicorganizationandtransport;publichealth,medicalcareandthecontrolofinfectiousdiseaseshadimproved.Thepopulationincreasedrapidly,asMalthushadpredicted.Between1800and1900Europe’spopulationdoubled,toover400million,whereasthatofAsia,furtherbehindinthedemographictransition,increasedbylessthan50%,toabout950ButsomethingelsewashappeningtherethatwouldhavetakenMalthusbysurprise:aspeoplecametoexpecttolivelonger,andbetter,theystartedtohavefewerchildren.Theyrea