江苏省镇江市京口区镇江中学2021-2022学年高二上学期第一次质量检测英语试题Word版含解析

江苏省镇江中学高二年级第一次质量检测试卷（英语）第一部分听力（共两节,满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题,每小题1.5分；满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有15秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whydoesthemanneedamap?A.Tofindarestaurant.B.TotourManchester.C.TolearnaboutChina.2.Whatdoesthewomanwanttodoforvacation?A.Learntosnowboard.B.TraveltoColorado.C.Gotothebeach.3.Whatwillthemanprobablydo?A.Refusetheoffer.B.Takethejob.C.Changetheworkinghours.4.WhatdoesthewomansayaboutJohn?A.Hewon’twaitforher.B.Hewon’tbeontimefordinner.C.Hewon’tcomehometoday.5.Whatwillthespeakersprobablydonext?A.Gohomeandrest.B.Ordersomeboxes.C.Continueworking.第二节（共15小题,每小题1.5分；满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项选出最佳选项，并标在试卷相应位置，听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟，听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间，每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。6.Howdoesthewomanusuallygotowork?A.Bybus.B.Bycar.C.Bytrain.7.Whatdothespeakersagreeabouttakingthetrain?A.Itissafer.B.Itischeaper.C.Itisfaster.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?A.Saveupforthecar.B.Asksomeonetocheckthecar.C.Gotoanothercardealer.9Whatisthesalesmangoingtodo?A.Askforcashpayment.B.Sticktoahighprice.C.Giveadiscount.10.Howwillthemanhelpthewoman?A.Lendmoneytoher.B.Takecareofhercar.C.Drivehercarhome.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthelivingexpensesinthecity?A.Veryhigh.B.JustOkay.C.Fairlylow.12.Whatdoesthewomanspendmoston?A.Trains.B.Meals.C.Clothes.13.Whatdoesthewomandoinherfreetime?A.Travelaround.B.Seefilms.C.Goforadrink.听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。14.WhatwillRebeccadoonJune12?A.MeetthepeoplefromHeadOffice.B.Organizeatradeexhibition.C.Goonabusinesstrip.15.WhatisJohnpreparingforthemeeting?A.Aspeech.B.Atimetable.C.Areport.16.Whendothespeakersdecidetohavethemeeting?AOnJune3.B.OnJune17.C.OnJune10.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whatdidthespeakerdecidetodoafterlunchthatday?A.Drivehomeintherain.B.Staytohelpherfriend.C.Waitfortheraintostop.18.Whatcanwelearnaboutthespeakerthen?A.Sheworkedatahotel.B.Shehadboughtanewcar.C.Shewashavingababysoon.19.Wheredidthespeakermeetthetaxipassenger?A.Infrontofahotel.B.Atacrossroads.C.Besideacarpark.20.Whatdoesthespeakertalkabout?A.Awell-knownshortstory.B.Anunforgettableexperience.C.Anexcitinglunchparty.第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）请阅读下列短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AOnlinecoursesofferspeopleabundantopportunitiestolearn.TrysomeoftheHarvardonlinecoursesabouthumanities.ThePathtoHappinessFromConfucianismtoDaoism,thephilosophiesdevelopedovertwothousandyearsagoareamongthemostpowerfulinhumanhistory.Thiscoursebringsvoicesfromthepastintomoderncontextstoexplorethepathtoagoodlifetoday.Duration:June16,2021–June14,2022Fees:FreeofchargePace:Self-pacedDifficulty:IntroductoryIntroductiontotheAncientGreekWorldThiscourseisaboutancientGreecewithitsuniqueplaces,waysoflifeandhistoricalchanges.Wesurveythemostimportantsocialinstitutionsandculturaltraditions.Wealsostudyeverydayfeaturessuchasfoodanddress.Duration:June21–August6,2021Fees:$3400+Pace:Instructor-ledDifficulty:IntroductoryBiotechnologyandtheHumanGoodBiotechnologyoffersexcitingandpromisingprospectsforhealingthesickandrelievingthesuffering.Inthiscourseweconsiderpossiblefunctionsbeyondcommontreatmentslikemakingpeoplelookyounger,performbetterandbecomeperfect.Duration:June21–August6,2021Fees:$3400+Pace:Instructor-ledDifficulty:IntermediateSuperheroesandPowerWhatmakessuperheroespopular?Howcantheyhelpusthinkaboutsuperpowers?Inthiscourse,weexplorethosequestionsinMarvelandDCfavorites(especiallytheX-Men)aswellasindependentcomicsnovels.Duration:June22–August6,2021Fees:$3400+Pace:Instructor-ledDifficulty:Intermediate1.WhichcoursecanyoutakeifyouarefreeinOct.2021?A.ThePathtoHappiness B.IntroductiontotheAncientGreekWorldC.BiotechnologyandtheHumanGood D.SuperheroesandPower2.WhatdoesBiotechnologyandtheHumanGooddealwith?A.Powersofsuperheroes. B.Waystoincreasehappiness.C.Moreusesofbiotech. D.Clinicalpracticesofbiotech.3.Whatdothefourcourseshaveincommon?A.Theyareofthesamelevel. B.Theyarefreeofcharge.C.Theyareinstructor-led. D.Theybelongtothesamesubject.【答案】1.A2.C3.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了哈佛大学的一些人文学科的在线课程。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据ThePathtoHappiness部分“Duration:June16,2021–June14,2022”可知如果2021年10月你有空，你可以上“幸福之路”课程。故选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据BiotechnologyandtheHumanGood部分“Biotechnologyoffersexcitingandpromisingprospectsforhealingthesickandrelievingthesuffering.”（生物技术为治愈病人和减轻痛苦提供了令人兴奋和有希望的前景）可知BiotechnologyandtheHumanGood研究的是更多地使用生物技术。故选C。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Onlinecoursesofferspeopleabundantopportunitiestolearn.TrysomeoftheHarvardonlinecoursesabouthumanities.”（网络课程为人们提供了大量的学习机会。试试哈佛大学的一些人文学科的在线课程）结合四个课程的介绍，可知这四门课程的共同点是它们属于同一个学科。故选D。BAsmyhusbandandIdrovedownacountryroad,wepassedafirestationwithasignthatread,"Areyoureadyforthenextstorm?”OurareahadjustbeeninthepathofHurricaneIrma,causingdownedtreesandoutages.Wewerestuckinthedarkandcutofffromtheoutsideworld.Wehavehadourshareofstormsinthepast--asnowstormandotherheavysnowsthatknockeddowntrees,sometimesuptoaweekatatime.Thosedaysinacoldhouseweren'tfun,butwelearnedsomuchfromthoseearlystorms,thingsthatmadelaterstormseasiertobear.Nowwehavestoredupflashlights,lanternsandcandles.Weboughtabattery-operatedradiotokeepupwiththenews.Westockeduponbatteriessothatwe'dhaveplentyforextendedpowerfailures.Wemakesureourgrill（烤架）isreadyanditstankisfull,andwepurchasefoodthatcanbeeasilypreparedandthencookedorheatedonthegrill.Andwedon'tforgettobuyemergencychocolate!Wehavebooklightstoreadinthedark.Wekeepourcargastanksfullandhaveemergencycashonhand.We'rereadyforthenextstorm,butwewouldn'thavelearnedtodoallthosethingsifwehadn'tencounteredastorminthepast.Thesameistruespiritually.Thoselittlestormsinourlivesareneverfun,buttheyprepareusforthebigstorms--thebigtrials--thatwillcomeourway,Theycanteachussomevaluablelessons.Areyoureadyforthenextstorm?Nowisthetimetogetready...notwhenthestormarrives.4.Whichcanreplacetheunderlinedword"outages”inparagraph1?A.weatherchangeB.virus'spreadingC.powerfailureD.emotionalreaction5.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?A.Thelessonsthatstormscanteachus.B.Theimportanceofbeingreadyforstorms.C.Thenecessitiestheauthorboughtforherdailylife.D.Thepreparationstheauthormadeforthenextstorm.6.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofexperiencingthepaststorms?A.Itwasrewarding.B.Itwasannoying.C.Itwasthrilling.D.Itwasfrightening.7.Whatcanwelearnfromtheauthor'sstory?A.Thingswillworkout.B.Keepsomethingforarainyday.C.Don'tstopregardlessoftheweather.D.Sunshinealwayscomesafterthestorm.【答案】4.C5.D6.A7.B【解析】【分析】本文是夹叙夹议文。作者经历过暴风雨后就懂得要为下一次暴风雨做好准备。作者通过自身经历告诉我们要未雨绸缪，要为人生中出现的困境随时做好准备。【4题详解】词义猜测题。根据划线词前一句提到“OurareahadjustbeeninthepathofHurricaneIrma，causingdownedtrees”，后一句提到“Wewerestuck…andcutofffromtheoutsideworld”作者和丈夫所在的地区刚刚受到飓风“厄玛”的袭击，causingdownedtrees导致树木倒下，他们被困，与外界失去联系。根据“cutofffromtheoutsideworld”可以猜测“outages”意思为“停电”。故选C。【5题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段中“Nowwehavestoredupflashlights,lanternsandcandles.Weboughtabattery-operatedradiotokeepupwiththenews.Westockeduponbatteriessothatwe'dhaveplentyforextendedpowerfailures.Wemakesureourgrill（烤架）isreadyanditstankisfull,andwepurchasefoodthatcanbeeasilypreparedandthencookedorheatedonthegrill.Andwedon'tforgettobuyemergencychocolate!Wehavebooklightstoreadinthedark.Wekeepourcargastanksfullandhaveemergencycashonhand.”提到经历了以前的暴风雨之后，作者随时准备了照明用的东西、电池，还有烤架、食物,汽车油箱也加满了油,手头还有应急现金。可知，第三段主要讲述了作者为以后的暴风雨所做的准备。故选D。【6题详解】推理判断题。第四段中提到“butwewouldn'thavelearnedtodoallthosethingsifwehadn'tencounteredastorminthepast.”以及“Theycanteachussomevaluablelessons.”，作者认为如果以前没有经历过暴风雨，就不会学会做这些事情。以前经历的暴风雨教会了他们一些重要的东西。由此可以推断，作者认为曾经经历过的暴风雨对他们是有益的。故选A。【7题详解】推理判断题。作者最后一段提到“Nowisthetimetogetready...notwhenthestormarrives.”，作者认为现在要为以后的暴风雨做准备，而不是当暴风雨来临的时候才准备。由此可以推断，作者的故事告诉我们一定要未雨绸缪。故选B。COnJuly31,1697,aFrenchlawyernamedJacquesSennacqueswroteamessagetoremindacousinintheNetherlandstosendhimarelative’sdeathcertificate.Topreventothersfromreadingthemessage,thenotewascarefullyfolded,or“letterlocked.”Thetechniquewasusedbeforetheinventionofenvelopes.However,forreasonsunknown,thenoteneverreachedtherecipientandwasinsteadstoredinapostmaster’strunk,whereitremainedundetectedforcenturies.Now,ateamofinternationalresearchershasdeciphered(破译)thecontentsoftheover300-year-oldsealedletter—withoutopeningit!Thechainofeventsleadingtothistechnologybeganin2015whenMITexpertJanaDambrogiogotacallfromDanielStarzaSmith,aresearcheratKing’sCollegeLondon.“Heaskedme,‘WhatwouldyoudoifItoldyoutherewasatrunkwith600unopenedletters?’”Thetrunkhadoncebelongedto17th-centurypostmasterSimondeBrienne.Historiansbelievethepostofficestoredtheundeliveredletters.That’sbecause,inthe17thcentury,itwastherecipient,notthesender,whoborethepostagecost.WhenBriennediedin1707,hedonatedthetrunkofletterstoanorphanage.Somehow,thetrunkeventuallymadeitswaytothepostalmuseum,whereitlayuntilrecently.Sinceopeningtheletterswoulddestroythem,Dambrogioandherteamdecidedtodeveloptechnologytounsealthemvirtually.Theybeganbyusingahigh-resolutionX-rayscannertocreateadetailedthree-dimensionalimageofasealedletter.Whilethewritinginsideshowedupveryclearly,thenumerouslayersoffoldedpaperpressedclosetogethercausedthewordstooverlap(重叠).Tosolvetheissue,theresearcherscreatedsophisticatedalgorithm(算法)capableofdecipheringthewritinginthecleverlyfoldedletter,creasebycrease.Thevirtualopeningallowedtheteamtoreadthecontents“whilepreservingletterlockingevidence.”Thealgorithmtookalmostfiveyearstoperfect.Onceperfected,theyusedittoopenfourlockedlettersandfullydecode(解码)theonefromSennacques.8.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A.Quiteafewpeoplecouldwriteletters. B.Envelopeswerenotinventedin1697.C.JacquesSennacqueswasapostmaster. D.Researcherscouldn’tfigureouttheletter.9.Whydidthepostofficestoretheundeliveredletters?A.Togetpaid. B.Tofindthesenders.C.Tosavethecost. D.Toscantheletters.10.Wecanconcludethatthefoldedletters________.A.werebadlydamaged B.werealldecodedC.remainedveryfresh D.wereveryfragile11.HowdidtheresearchersdecodetheletterfromSennacques?A.Physically. B.Chemically. C.Occasionally. D.Digitally.【答案】8.B9.A10.D11.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。研究人员借助高清扫描仪，使用虚拟算法，在不拆开原信的情况下，破译了300多年前保存完好的密信的内容。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段前两句“OnJuly31,1697,aFrenchlawyernamedJacquesSennacqueswroteamessagetoremindacousinintheNetherlandstosendhimarelative’sdeathcertificate.Topreventothersfromreadingthemessage,thenotewascarefullyfolded,or“letterlocked.”(1697年7月31日，法国律师JacquesSennacques写了一条信息，提醒他在荷兰的一位表亲给他寄一份亲戚的死亡证明。为了防止别人看信，纸条被小心地折叠起来，或者说“锁住信”)”和第三句“Thetechniquewasusedbeforetheinventionofenvelopes.(这种技术在信封发明之前就已经使用了)【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“That’sbecause,inthe17thcentury,itwastherecipient,notthesender,whoborethepostagecost.(这是因为，在17世纪，承担邮费的是收件人，而不是寄件人)”可知，因为要得到邮资，所以邮局保存那些没有送出去的信。故选A。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“Sinceopeningtheletterswoulddestroythem,Dambrogioandherteamdecidedtodeveloptechnologytounsealthemvirtually.(由于打开这些信件会毁掉它们，丹布罗乔和她的团队决定开发技术来虚拟地打开它们)”可知，这些折叠起来的信非常脆弱。故选D。【11题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句中的“Thevirtualopeningallowedtheteamtoreadthecontents(虚拟打开允许团队阅读这些内容)”可知，研究人员使用虚拟算法（数码方法）破译了密信的内容。故选D。DAviculturists,peoplewhoraisebirdsforcommercialsale,havenotyetlearnedhowtocreatesimilarconditionstothenaturalincubation(孵化)ofparroteggsinthewild.Theycontinuetolookforbetterwaystoincreaseeggproductionandtoimprovechicksurvivalrates.Whenparrotsincubatetheireggsinthewild,thetemperatureandhumidity(湿度)ofthenestarecontrollednaturally.Heatistransferredfromthebird’sskintothetopoftheeggshell,leavingthesidesandbottomoftheeggatacoolertemperature.Thistemperaturedifferencemaybevitaltosuccessfulhatching.Nestconstructioncancontributetothistemperaturedifference.Nestsoflooselyarrangedsticks,rocks,ordirtarecoolerintemperatureatthebottomwheretheeggcontactsthenestingmaterial.Suchnestsalsoactashumidityregulatorsbyallowingraintodrainintothebottomsectionsofthenestsothattheeggsarenotindirectcontactwiththewater.Asthewaterthatcollectsinthebottomofthenestchangesintogas,thewatervaporrisesandisheatedbytheincubatingbird,whichaddssignificanthumiditytotheincubationenvironment.Inartificialincubationprograms,aviculturistsremoveeggsfromthenestsofparrotsandincubatethemunderlaboratoryconditions.Mostcommercialincubatorsheattheeggsfairlyevenlyfromtoptobottom,thusignoringthebird’smethodofnaturalincubation,andperhapsreducingthesurvivabilityofthehatchingchicks.Whenincubatorsarenotused,aviculturistssometimessuspendwoodenboxesoutdoorstouseasnestsinwhichtoplaceeggs.Inareaswhereweathercanbecomecoldaftereggsarelaid,itisveryimportanttomaintainadeepfoundationofnestingmaterialtoprotecteggsagainstthecoldbottomofthebox.Ifeggsrestagainstthewoodenbottominextremelycoldweatherconditions,theycanbecomechilledtoapointwheretheembryo(胚胎)cannolongersurviveSimilarly,theseboxesshouldbeprotectedfromdirectsunlighttoavoidhightemperaturesthatarealsofataltothegrowingembryo.Nestingmaterialshouldbeaddedinsufficientamountstoavoidbothextremetemperaturesituationsmentionedaboveandassurethattheeggshaveasoft,secureplacetorest.12.Accordingtoparagraph2,whenthetemperatureofthesidesandbottomoftheeggarecoolerthanthetop,then________.A.theremaybeagoodchanceforsuccessfulincubationB.theincubatingparentmovestheeggtoanewpositionC.theembryowillnotdevelopnormallyD.theincubationprocessissloweddown13.Theconstructionofthenestallowswaterto________.A.provideabeneficialsourceofhumidityinthenestB.loosenthematerialsatthebottomofthenestC.keepthenestinacleanconditionD.touchthebottomoftheeggs14.Whichofthefollowingisaproblemwithcommercialincubators?A.Theyareexpensivetooperate.B.Theyareunabletoheattheeggsevenly.C.Theylackthenaturaltemperaturechanges.D.Theyfailtotransferheattoeggslikeparentbirdsdo.15.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Nestingmaterialvariesaccordingtotheparrots’environment.B.Humidityisanimportantfactorinincubatingparrots’eggs.C.Aviculturistshaveconstructedtheidealnestboxforparrots.D.Wildparrots’nestsprovideinformationusefulforartificialincubation.【答案】12.A13.A14.D15.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了野生鹦鹉的巢为人工孵化雏鸟提供了有用的信息。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Heatistransferredfromthebird'sskintothetopoftheeggshell,leavingthesidesandbottomoftheeggatacoolertemperature.Thistemperaturedifferencemaybevitaltosuccessfulhatching.(热量从鸟的皮肤转移到蛋壳的顶部，使蛋的边缘和底部的温度较低。这种温差可能对孵化成功至关重要)”可知，当蛋的边缘和底部的温度比顶部的温度低时，孵化成功的机会就大了。故选A项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Suchnestsalsoactashumidityregulatorsbyallowingraintodrainintothebottomsectionsofthenestsothattheeggsarenotindirectcontactwiththewater.Asthewaterthatcollectsinthebottomofthenestchangesintogas,thewatervaporrisesandisheatedbytheincubatingbird,whichaddssignificanthumiditytotheincubationenvironment.(这样的巢还可以调节湿度，让雨水渗入巢的底部，这样蛋就不会直接接触到水。当聚集在巢底的水变成气体时，水蒸气上升并被孵化的鸟加热，这大大增加了孵化环境的湿度)”可知，巢的构造让水为巢提供了有益的湿度。故选A项。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Mostcommercialincubatorsheattheeggsfairlyevenlyfromtoptobottom,thusignoringthebird'smethodofnaturalincubation,andperhapsreducingthesurvivabilityofthehatchingchicks.(大多数商业孵化箱从上到下均匀地加热蛋，因此忽略了鸟类的自然孵化方法，这可能会降低孵化雏鸟的存活率)”可知，商业孵化箱的问题在于它们不能像母鸟那样把热量传给蛋。故选D项。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Theycontinuetolookforbetterwaystoincreaseeggproductionandtoimprovechicksurvivalrates.(他们继续寻找更好的方法来增加蛋的产量和提高雏鸟的存活率)”讲述了养鸟者在寻找人工孵化雏鸟的方法；和第二段中“Whenparrotsincubatetheireggsinthewild,thetemperatureandhumidity(湿度)ofthenestarecontrollednaturally.(鹦鹉在野外孵蛋时，巢内的温度和湿度是受自然控制的)”以及下文的描述，可知本段讲述了野生鹦鹉的巢的特点以及对于孵化的作用。因此，本篇文章主要讲述了野生鹦鹉的巢为人工孵化雏鸟提供了有用的信息。故选D项。第二节(共5小题:每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Moldisunpleasantbecauseofhowitlooksandsmells.Somepeoplehavethehabitofremovingmoldfromfoodinordertoconsumetheunaffectedrest.____16____Removingthemoldypartsdoesn'tguaranteethatthetoxins(毒素)presentintheproductwillberemovedcompletely.Therefore,theycancauseillnessorfoodpoisoning.Onlyhardanddryfoodscanbeconsumedoncethemoldyparthasbeenremoved.Therefore,youshouldcompletelythrowawaysoftandmoistfoodsinthissituation.____17____Wecan'taffordtoignorethepresenceofmoldsonthesurfaceandinsideproducts.Howeverit'sokaytoeatcuredmeatproducts,firmfruits,andvegetables.____18____Manyofthesehavetodowiththeconsumptionofrawfoodsthathaven'tundergonetheappropriateprocesses.Forexample,eatsomefruitswithoutwashingthemthoroughly.Somechemicalsareoftenaddedtothemwhiletheyarebeinggrownorprocessed.Besides,consumingraworundercookedwhitefish,withoutpriorfreezing,alsoincreasestheriskofcontamination(污染)withanisakis.____19____Expertsusuallyrecommendunfreezingproductsintherefrigerator.Thispreventstemperaturesthatarefavorableforbacterialgrowth.lnaddition,youmusttakecarewhenhandlingrawfoodsandcookedfoodstoavoidcross-contamination.Cross-contaminationcanoccurthroughindirectspreadofmicroorganismsbyequipment,foodhandlers,cookfacilitiesorsurfaces.____20____Microorganismscouldpassfromonetotheotherandcertainmicroorganismscausemosttypesoffoodpoisoning,Afterenteringthebody,theselivingthingsreleasepoisonsthatmakepeoplesick.A.Theseproblemsexisteverywhere.B.ThereareotherdangeroussituationsC.Youshouldneverusethesametools.D.Foodunfreezingprocessesareacriticalpoint.E.Therefore,manythinkitcanbeacommonproblem.F.However,manyareunawarethiscouldleadtoillness.G.Youshouldnevereatbreadthathavedevelopedmold.【答案】16.F17.G18.B19.D20.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了导致霉菌的原因以及如何正确的避免霉菌传播导致疾病。【16题详解】根据上文“Somepeoplehavethehabitofremovingmoldfromfoodinordertoconsumetheunaffectedrest.（有些人有从食物中去除霉菌的习惯，以食用未受影响的休息）”和下文“Removingthemoldypartsdoesn'tguaranteethatthetoxinspresentintheproductwillberemovedcompletely.Therefore,theycancauseillnessorfoodpoisoning.（去除发霉的部分并不能保证产品中的毒素将被完全去除。因此，它们会引起疾病或食物中毒）”可知，空处和上文形成转折关系，说明去除霉菌也可能会导致疾病。F项：However,manyareunawarethiscouldleadtoillness.（然而，许多人没有意识到这可能导致疾病）符合语境。故选F。【17题详解】根据上文“Onlyhardanddryfoodscanbeconsumedoncethemoldyparthasbeenremoved.Therefore,youshouldcompletelythrowawaysoftandmoistfoodsinthissituation.（除去发霉的部分后，只有硬质和干燥的食物才能食用。因此，在这种情况下，你应该完全扔掉柔软和潮湿的食物）”可知，软的食物发霉后不能使用。G项：Youshouldnevereatbreadthathavedevelopedmold.（你不应该吃已经发霉的面包）符合语境。故选G。【18题详解】空处为段落主题句。根据下文“Manyofthesehavetodowiththeconsumptionofrawfoodsthathaven'tundergonetheappropriateprocesses.（其中许多都与未经过适当加工的生食品有关）”可知，本段主要讲述一些其他的危险的情况。B项中“otherdangeroussituations”和下文的“these”对应。B项：Thereareotherdangeroussituations（还有其他危险的情况）符合语境。故选B。【19题详解】根据下文“Expertsusuallyrecommendunfreezingproductsintherefrigerator.Thispreventstemperaturesthatarefavorableforbacterialgrowth.（专家们通常会推荐冰箱里的解冻产品。这就阻止了有利于细菌生长的温度）”可知，空处主要说明要注意解冻的温度。D项：Foodunfreezingprocessesareacriticalpoint.（食品解冻过程是一个临界点）符合语境。故选D。【20题详解】根据上文“Cross-contaminationcanoccurthroughindirectspreadofmicroorganismsbyequipment,foodhandlers,cookfacilitiesorsurfaces.（交叉污染可通过设备、食品操作者、烹饪设施或表面的微生物间接传播发生）”可知，空处说明避免使用相同的工具处理食物。C项：Youshouldneverusethesametools.（你不应该使用相同的工具）符合语境。故选C。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题:每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Duringbreakfastthismorning,Iwatchedmyson,Jake,dragthekitchenchairtothecounter(厨房案台).“Neverdragthechairagain,Jake!”Ishouted.He’sbeendoingthisona(n)____21____basisforoverayear.Eachtimeweseeithappen,mywifeandI____22____thesameway—shoutingathimtostop.Buteachtimewefeel____23____thatheisnotlearningthislesson.AsIreflectonthisfrequently-occurringscene,I____24____thatI’vebeenlookingatthissituationinthewrongway.HedragsthechairbecausethechargerfortheiPadisonthe____25____.HewantstositthereandplaywhilethePadisbeing____26____.Mygoalistopreventthefloorfrombeingdamaged____27____hisgoalistoplaythere.Weactuallybecomea(n)____28____toeachother,gettingineachother’sway____29____evenknowingit.Forme,thedeeperinsightcomesfromrecognizingjusthowquicklyand_____30_____IkeepusingmypoweroverhimtogetwhatIwantatthe_____31_____ofwhathewants.Ijustify(使正当有理)thisbehaviorbyremindingmyselfthatIamtheadultandIamteachingmyson_____32_____andkeepinghiminline.InsteadifItookafewminutesto_____33_____whathewanted.Icouldhavemadeachangethat_____34_____eachofustoachieveourgoals.Whynot_____35_____thechargertothelivingroomnexttooursofa?21.A.single B.random C.voluntary D.regular22.A.vote B.teach C.respond D.function23.A.cautious B.disappointed C.nervous D.frightened24.A.expect B.imagine C.realize D.predict25.A.sofa B.counter C.floor D.chair26.A.charged B.restarted C.occupied D.programed27.A.since B.until C.unless D.while28.A.stranger B.barrier C.relative D.attraction29.A.without B.against C.by D.for30.A.sincerely B.secretly C.repeatedly D.universally31.A.cost B.request C.bottom D.mercy32.A.consequences B.resistance C.strategies D.rules33.A.writedown B.thinkabout C.searchfor D.putaway34.A.allowed B.expected C.told D.motivated35.A.drag B.lift C.throw D.move【答案】21.D22.C23.B24.C25.B26.A27.D28.B29.A30.C31.A32.D33.B34.A35.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。一位父亲通过反思意识到了一直以来对儿子产生误解的根本原因。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他经常这样做已经一年多了。A.single单个的；B.random随意的；C.voluntary自愿的；D.regular有规律的。根据下文中的“foroverayear”和“Eachtime”可知，作者的儿子经常会把椅子拖到吧台跟前。onaregularbasis意为“经常地；频繁地”。故选D。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：每次我们看到这种情况发生，我和妻子都会以同样的方式回应——对他大喊，让他住手。A.vote投票；B.teach教；C.respond回复；D.function起作用。根据上文中的“Ishouted”和该空后的“shoutingathimtostop.”可知，作者和妻子的“反应(respond)”一样，都是朝着儿子大喊。故选C。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但每次我们都感到失望，因为他没有吸取这一教训。A.cautious好奇的；B.disappointed失望的；C.nervous紧张的；D.frightened害怕的。由转折连词But和该空后的“heisnotlearningthislesson”可知，儿子总是不买账,这让作者和妻子感到很“失落(disappointed)”。故选B。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我反思这个经常发生的场景时，我意识到我一直在用错误的方式看待这个情况。A.expect期望；B.imagine想象；C.realize意识到；D.predict预测。根据该空前的“AsIreflectonthisfrequently-occurringscene,”可知，作者经过反思后，“意识到(realize)”自己看待这件事情的角度不对。故选C。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他拖着椅子，因为iPad的充电器在厨房案台上。A.sofa沙发；B.counter柜台；C.floor地板；D.chair椅子。根据第一段中的“Iwatchedmyson,Jake,dragthekitchenchairtothecounter(厨房案台).”可知，iPad的充电器在“厨房案台(counter)”上。此处的counter与第一段中的counter形成原词复现。故选B。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他想在充电的时候坐在那里玩。A.charged充电；B.restarted重新开始；C.occupied占据；D.programed安排。他想在iPad“充电(charged)”的时候坐在那儿玩。上文的“thechargerfortheipad”是提示信息。故选A。【27题详解】考查连接词词义辨析。句意：我的目标是防止地板被损坏，而他的目标是在那里玩。A.since自从；B.until直到；C.unless除非；D.while然而。该空前后两句为对比关系，所以用连词while。故选D。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们实际上成为了彼此之间的障碍，在不知道的情况下挡住了对方的去路。A.stranger陌生人；B.barrier栅栏；C.relative亲戚；D.attraction吸引。根据该空后的“gettingineachother'sway”可知，这里是说我们成了彼此之间的“障碍(barrier)”。故选B。【29题详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意：我们实际上成为了彼此之间的障碍，在不知道的情况下挡住了对方的去路。A.without没有；B.against反对；C.by通过；D.for为了。根据“gettingineachother’sway”可知，父母和孩子在“不(barrier)”知道的情况下挡住了对方的去路。故选A。【30题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：对我来说，更深刻的洞察力来自于认识到我是如何快速地、反复地利用我对他的权力以牺牲他想要的东西为代价来得到我想要的东西。A.sincerely真诚地；B.secretly秘密地；C.repeatedly重复地；D.universally普遍地。作者在最后两段中进行了深入的思考和分析，之所以能够有这么深刻的认识主要是因为意识到了以下一点：自己一直通过权利来让儿子做出牺牲以便获得自己想要得到的。repeatedly在此表示自己一直都是这么做的。故选C。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：对我来说，更深刻的洞察力来自于认识到我是如何快速地、反复地利用我对他的权力以牺牲他想要的东西为代价来得到我想要的东西。A.cost花费；B.request询问；C.bottom底部；D.mercy仁慈。atthecostof…意为“以牺牲……的利益为代价”。根据“IkeepusingmypoweroverhimtogetwhatIwant”可知，作者一直用对儿子的权力以牺牲他想要的东西为代价来得到自己想要的东西。故选A。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我提醒自己，我是个成年人，我在教儿子守规矩，让他守规矩，以此为自己的行为辩护。A.consequences结果；B.resistance抵抗；C.strategies策略；D.rules规则。根据“andkeepinghiminline.”可知，作者在为自己的这种行为辫护，认为自己是成年人，是在给儿子立“规矩(rules)”。故选D。【33题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：相反，如果我花了几分钟来想想他想要的。A.writedown写下；B.thinkabout思考；C.searchfor寻找；D.putaway收拾。根据“Icouldhavemadeachangethat____14____eachofustoachieveourgoals.”可知，作者认为如果自己稍作思考，“想一想(thinkabout)”儿子到底想要什么，就会对自己的行为做出改变了。故选B。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我本可以做出改变，让我们每个人都能实现自己的目标。A.allowed允许；B.expected期望；C.told告诉；D.motivated激发。allowsb.todosth.允许某人做某事。根据“Icouldhavemadeachange”可知，改变让我们每个人都能实现自己的目标。故选A。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：什么不把充电器搬到客厅沙发旁边呢？A.drag拖；B.lift抬起；C.throw扔；D.move移动。既然意识到了问题所在，作者建议把充电器“移(move)”到客厅。故选D。第二节(共10小题:每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Chinaspeedisamazingtheworld.Whileothercountriesarestrugglingtomakehigh-speedrailwayareality,theChinaRailwayCorporation____36____(busy)itselfinlayingdownover25,000kmofhigh-speedtracksoverthepasttenyears-accountingforroughlytwo____37____(three)oftheworld'stotallengthofhigh-speedraillines.Uptonow,Chinahasbuiltthelargesthigh-speedrailnetworkworldwide.The____38____(impact)gowellbeyondtherailwaysector.Italsoin