2023年考研考博-考博英语-中国艺术研究院考试历年高频考点真题荟萃带答案

2023年考研考博-考博英语-中国艺术研究院考试历年高频考点真题荟萃带答案第1卷一.综合题(共25题)1.单选题Thesingerusedtoplaybadmintonwithyou,（）?问题1选项A.didn’theB.usedheC.didheD.goneoff2.单选题Havinggonethroughallkindsofhardshipsinlife,hebecameafamousclownwithastrong（）.问题1选项A.philosophyB.mannerC.personalityD.idealism3.单选题Whyaresomeofusgoodatmath,whileothers（）atartorvolleyball.问题1选项A.workB.excelC.aimD.gaze4.单选题Itisanastonishingfactthattherearelawsofnature,rulesthatsummarizeconveniently—（1）qualitativelybutquantitatively—howtheworldworks.Wemight（2）auniverseinwhichtherearenosuchlaws,inwhichthe1080elementaryparticlesthat（3）auniverselikeourownbehavewithutteranduncompromisingabandon.Tounderstandsuchauniversewewouldneedabrain（4）asmassiveastheuniverse.Itseems（5）thatsuchauniversecouldhavelifeandintelligence,becausebeingandbrains（6）somedegreeofinternalstabilityandorder.But（7）inamuchmorerandomuniversethereweresuchbeingswithanintelligencemuch（8）thanourown,therecouldnotbemuchknowledge,passionorjoy.（9）forus,weliveinauniversethathasatleastimportantpartsthatareknowable.Ourcommon-senseexperienceandourevolutionaryhistoryhave（10）ustounderstandsomethingoftheworkadayworld.Whenwegointootherrealms,however,commonsenseandordinaryintuition（11）highlyunreliableguides.Itisstunningthataswegoclosetothespeedoflightourmass（12）indefinitely,weshrinktowardzerothickness（13）thedirectionofmotion,andtimeforuscomesasneartostoppingaswewouldlike.Manypeoplethinkthatthisissilly,andeveryweek（14）Igetaletterfromsomeonewhocomplainstomeaboutit.ButitisvirtuallycertainconsequencenotjustofexperimentbutalsoofAlbertEinstein’s（15）analysisofspaceandtimecalledtheSpecialTheoryofRelativity.Itdoesnotmatterthattheseeffectsseemunreasonabletous.Wearenot（16）thehabitoftravelingclosetothespeedoflight.Thetestimonyofourcommonsenseissuspectathighvelocities.Theideathattheworldplacesrestrictionson（17）humansmightdoisfrustrating.Whyshouldn'twebeabletohaveintermediaterotationalpositions?Whycan’twe（18）fasterthanthespeedoflight?But（19）wecantell,thisisthewaytheuniverseisconstructed.Suchprohibitionsnotonly（20）ustowardalittlehumility;theyalsomaketheworldmoreknowable.问题1选项A.justB.veryC.justnotD.notjust问题2选项A.seeB.findC.imagineD.believe问题3选项A.makeforB.makeofC.makeupD.makefrom问题4选项A.atleastB.atmostC.atlastD.atthecost问题5选项A.likelyB.unlikelyC.reallyD.virtually问题6选项A.wantB.demandC.requireD.acquire问题7选项A.unlessB.untilC.ifD.evenif问题8选项A.moreB.largerC.biggerD.greater问题9选项A.FortunatelyB.UnfortunatelyC.HappilyD.Unhappily问题10选项A.providedB.preparedC.armedD.equipped问题11选项A.turntoB.turnonC.turnouttobeD.turnawayfrom问题12选项A.decreasesB.increasesC.reducesD.advances问题13选项A.inB.atC.withD.from问题14选项A.ortwoB.andtwoC.eventwoD.oftwo问题15选项A.cleverB.wiseC.brilliantD.intelligent问题16选项A.ofB.inC.withD.at问题17选项A.thatB.whichC.matterD.what问题18选项A.goB.walkC.travelD.run问题19选项A.whetherB.unlessC.sofarD.sofaras问题20选项A.pressB.haveC.makeD.entail5.单选题Waterproblemsinthefuturewillbecomemoreintenseandmorecomplex.Ourincreasingpopulationwilltremendouslyincreaseurbanwastes,primarilysewage.Ontheotherhand,increasingdemandsforwaterwilldeceasesubstantiallytheamountofwateravailablefordilutingwastes.Rapidlyexpandingindustrieswhichinvolvemoreandmorecomplexchemicalprocesseswillproducelargevolumesofliquidwastes,andmanyofthesewillcontainchemicalswhicharenoxious.Tofeedourrapidlyexpandingpopulation,agriculturewillhavetobeintensified.Thiswillinvolveever-increasingquantitiesofagriculturalchemicals.Fromthis,itisapparentthatdrasticstepsmustbetakenimmediatelytodevelopcorrectivemeasuresforthepollutionproblem.Therearetwowaysbywhichthispollutionproblemcanbedwindled.Thefirstrelatestothetreatmentofwastestodecreasetheirpollutionhazard.Thisinvolvestheprocessingofsolidwastes“priorto”disposalandthetreatmentofliquidwastes,oreffluents,topermitthereuseofthewaterorminimizepollutionuponfinaldisposal.Asecondapproachistodevelopaneconomicuseforallorapartofthewastes.Farmmanureisspreadinfieldsasanutrientororganicsupplement.Effluentsfromsewagedisposalplantsareusedinsomeareasbothforirrigationandforthenutrientscontained.Effluentsfromotherprocessingplantsmayalsobeusedasasupplementalsourceofwater.Manyindustries,suchasmeatandpoultryprocessingplants,arecurrentlyconvertingformerwasteproductsintomarketablebyproducts.Otherindustriesarepotentialeconomicusesforwasteproducts.1.Thepurposeofthispassageis（）.2.WhichofthefollowingpointsisNOTINCLUDEDinthepassage?3.Thereadercanconcludethat（）.4.Theauthorgivessubstancetothepassagethroughtheuseof（）.5.Thewords“priorto”(para.2)probablymean（）.问题1选项A.toalertthereadertothedwindlingwatersupplyB.toexplainindustrialusesofwaterC.toacquaintthereaderwithwaterpollutionproblemsD.todemonstratevariousmeasurestosolvethepollutionproblem问题2选项A.Industrialdevelopmentincludesthesimplificationofcomplexchemicalprocesses.B.Dilutingwastesneedscertainamountofwater.C.Demandsforwaterwillgoupalongwiththeexpandingpopulation.D.Intensivecultivationoflandrequiresmoreandmorechemicals.问题3选项A.countriesoftheworldwillworktogetheronpollutionproblemsB.byproductsfromwastesleadtoamoreprosperousmarketplaceC.scienceismakinggreatprogressonincreasingwatersuppliesD.someindustriesarenowmakingeconomicuseofwastes问题4选项A.interviewswithauthoritiesinthefieldofwatercontrolsB.opinionsandpersonalobservationsC.definitionswhichclarifyimportanttermsD.strongargumentsandpersuasions问题5选项A.afterB.duringC.beforeD.beyond6.单选题Thegirlchosesomeverypretty（）paperforthepresent.问题1选项A.coveringB.wrappingC.packingD.collecting7.单选题Themanhadto（）theairportseveraltimesinordertobecomefamiliarwiththecontroloftheplane.问题1选项A.surroundB.circleC.observeD.view8.单选题Theculturaldepartmentistryingtohelptheseperformingenterprisesoutofthe（）byvariousmeans.问题1选项A.delightB.twilightC.flightD.plight9.单选题Whenproductsmadeinfactories（）,theyarethrownawayasgarbage.问题1选项A.cometoanendB.areputtouseC.areusedupD.wearout10.单选题Itishardtogetanyagreementontheprecisemeaningoftheterm‘socialclass’.Ineverydaylife,peopletendtohaveadifferentapproachtothosetheyconsidertheirequalsfromthatwhichtheyassumewithpeopletheyconsiderhigherorlowerthanthemselvesinthesocialscale.Thecriteriaweusetoplaceanewacquaintance,however,areacomplexmixtureoffactors.Dress,wayofspeaking,areaofresidenceinagivencityorprovince,educationandmannersallplayapart.Intheeighteenth-centuryoneofthefirstmoderneconomists,AdamSmith,thoughtthatthe‘wholeannualproduceofthelandandlaborofeverycountry’providedrevenueto“threedifferentordersofpeople:Thosewholivebyrent,thosewholivebywages,thosewholivebyprofit’.Eachsuccessivestageoftheindustrialrevolution,however,madethesocialstructuremorecomplicated.Manyintermediategroupsgrewupduringthenineteenth-centurybetweentheuppermiddleclassandtheworkingclass.Thereweresmall-scaleindustrialistsaswellaslargeones,smallshopkeepersandtradesmen,officialsandsalariedemployees,skilledandunskilledworkers,andprofessionalmensuchasdoctorsandteachers.Farmersandpeasantscontinuedinallcountriesasindependentgroups.Duringthenineteenthandearlytwentiethcenturiesthepossessionofwealthinevitablyaffectedaperson'ssocialposition.Intelligentindustrialistswithinitiativemadefortunesbytheirwitswhichliftedthemintoaneconomicgroupfarhigherthantheirworking-classparents.Buttheylackedthesocialtrainingoftheupperclass,whodespisedthemasthe‘newrich’.Theyoftensenttheirsonsanddaughterstospecialschoolstoacquiresocialtraining.Heretheirchildrenmixedwiththechildrenoftheupperclasseswereacceptedbythem,andveryoftenfoundmarriagepartnersfromamongthem.Inthesameway,athrifty,hard-workinglabourer,thoughnotcleverenoughhimself,mightsaveforhissonenoughtopayforanextendedsecondaryschooleducationinthehopethathewouldmoveintoa‘white-collar'occupation,carryingwithitahighersalaryandmoveupinthesocialscale.Inthetwentiethcenturytheincreasedtaxationofhigherincomes,thegrowthofthesocialservices,andthewiderdevelopmentofeducationalopportunityhaveconsiderablyalteredthesocialoutlook.Theupperclassesnolongerarethesole,oreventhemainpossessorsofwealth,powerandeducation,thoughinheritedsocialpositionstillcarriesconsiderableprestige.Manypeopletodayarehostiletowardsclassdistinctionsandprivilegesandhopetoachieveaclasslesssociety.Thetroubleisthatasoneinequalityisremoved,anothertendstotakeitsplace,andthebestthathasasfarbeenattemptedisasocietyinwhichdistinctionsareelasticandinwhicheverymemberhasfairopportunitiesformakingthebestofhisabilities.1.Howdoweplacepeopleinsocietyinrelationtoourselves,accordingtothetext?2.AdamSmith'ssocialmake-upwasinvalidatedby（）.3.Whichclassdosmallshopkeepersandtradesmenbelongto?4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsdoesNOTtrulydescribethenewrich?5.Whathappenedtotheclassdifferencesinthetwentiethcentury?问题1选项A.Mainlybytheirwayofspeaking.B.Accordingtotheplacewheretheywereborn.C.Accordingtoacomplexmixtureoffactors.D.Byregardingtheminferiortoourselves.问题2选项A.thegrowing-upofuppermiddleclassB.thesuccessivestagesoftheindustrialrevolutionC.theinfluenceoftheworkingclassD.theinheritanceofsocialpositions问题3选项A.workingclassB.middleclassC.upperclassD.uppermiddleclass问题4选项A.Theysenttheirchildrentospecialschoolstoreceiveeducation.B.Theywerelackofsocialtrainingofthearistocracy.C.Theywereoftenmenofinitiativeandintelligence.D.Theydidnotallowtheirchildrentomarrytheupperclass.问题5选项A.Theyhavebeenpartlysmoothedout.B.Theyincreasedtaxationofhigherincomes.C.Theyhavemadethesocialservicesgrow.D.Theywidelyenhancedtheeducationdevelopment.11.单选题Manyofherfollowersremain（loyal）toher,andeventhosewhohaverejectedherleadership.问题1选项A.obedientB.friendlyC.faithfulD.sympathetic12.单选题Theyarrivedatsomepoliticalagreementsthatfacilitatedtroopwithdrawals.问题1选项A.establishedB.maximizedC.guaranteedD.promoted13.单选题Theyareboundtofailiftheycontinueattheriskofallthesedangers.问题1选项A.areunnecessaryB.arecertainC.aresimpleD.arealternative14.单选题Althoughhewasknowntobeextremelyreservedinhispublicbehavior,scholarshavediscoveredthathisdiarieswerewrittenwithuncommonfrankness.问题1选项A.aloofB.tenderC.lucidD.reticent15.单选题

Thepsychologistcitedseveralinstancesofinsubordinatebehavior.问题1选项A.neglectedB.worriedC.mentionedD.reduced16.单选题Theco-operativespiritthatispresentinsuchpack-huntersaswolvesislargelyabsentfromtheworldoftheprimate.Competitivenessanddominanceistheorderofthisday.Competitioninthesocialhierarchyis,ofcourse,presentinbothgroups,butitislesstemperedbyco-operativeactioninthecaseofmonkeysandapes.Complicated,coordinatedmaneuversarealsounnecessary:sequencesoffeedingactiondonotneedtobestrungtogetherinsuchacomplexway.Theprimatecanlivemuchmorefromminutetominute,fromhandtomouth.Becausetheprimate'sfoodsupplyisallarounditforthetaking,thereislittleneedtocovergreatdistances.Groupsofwildgorillas,thelargestofthelivingprimates,havebeencarefullystudiedandtheirmovementstraced,sothatwenowknowthattheytravelonaverageaboutathirdofamileaday.Sometimestheymoveonlyafewhundredfeet.Carnivores,bycontrast,mustfrequentlytravelmanymilesonasinglehuntingtrip.Insomeinstancestheyhavebeenknowntotraveloverfiftymilesonahuntingjourney,takingseveraldaysbeforereturningtotheirhomebase.Thisactofreturningtoafixedhomebaseistypicalofthecarnivores,butisfarlesscommonamongstthemonkeysandapes.True,agroupofprimateswillliveinareasonablyclearlydefinedhomerange,butatnightitwillprobablybeddownwhereverithappenstohaveendedupinitsday'smeanderings.Itwillgettoknowthegeneralregioninwhichitlivesbecauseitisalwayswanderingbackandforthacrossit,butiswilltendtousethewholeareainamuchmorehaphazardway.Also,theinteractionbetweenonetroopandthenextwillbelessdefensiveandlessaggressivethanisthecasewithcarnivores.Aterritoryis,bydefinition,adefendedarea,andprimatesarenottherefore,typically,territorialanimals.Asmallpoint,butonethatisrelevanthere,isthatcarnivoreshavefleasbutprimatesdonot.Monkeysandapesareplaguedbyliceandcertainotherexternalparasites,but,contrarytopopularopinion,theyarecompletelyflealess,foroneverygoodreason.Tounderstandthis,itisnecessarytoexaminethelife-cycleoftheflea.Thisinsectlaysitseggs,notonthebodyofitshost,butamongstthedetritusofitsvictimssleepingquarters.Theeggstakethreedaystohatchintosmall,crawlingmaggots.Theselarvaedonotfeedonblood,butonthewastematterthathasaccumulatedinthedirtofthedenorlair.Aftertwoweekstheyspinacocoonandpupate.Theyremaininthisdormantconditionforapproximatelytwoweeksbeforeemergingasadults,readytohopontoasuitablehostbody.Soforatleastthefirstmonthofitslifeafleaiscutofffromitshostspecies.Itisclearfromthiswhyanomadicmammal,suchasamonkeyorape,isnottroubledbyfleas.Evenifafewstrayfleasdohappentohopontooneandmatesuccessfully,theireggswillbeleftbehindastheprimategroupmoveson,andwhenthepupaehatchtherewillbenohost‘athome'tocontinuetherelationship.Thewritersaysofthesociallifeofmonkeysandapesthatthey（）.1.Accordingtothewriter,gorillas（）.2.Thewritersaysthatprimatesshowlittlehostility（）.3.Monkeysandapesarenottroubledbyfleasbecause（）.4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheco-operativespiritpresentinsuchpack-huntersas5.wolvesislargelyabsentfromtheworldoftheprimatesbecause（）.问题1选项A.arenotallowedbytheirsocialcodetodominateotherindividualsbeforetheyhavecompetedwitheachotherB.competeduringtheday,butturntoaco-operativepatternwhendarknessfallsC.havetobeonconstantwatchagainstotherspeciesthatmightdrivethemawayD.liveinaverycompetitivesociety问题2选项A.prefertostayneartheirhomeB.movefromplacetoplacewithinalimitedareaC.arefollowedwhentheytravelbyotheranimalsD.movearoundlookingforfoodaccordingtoafairlyregularpattern问题3选项A.towardssoldiersandotherhumanbeingsB.excepttowardsanimalssuchaslions,leopards,tigersorwildcatsC.unlesstheirownparticularareaisinvadedD.towardsothergroupsofthesamespeciesofmonkeyorape问题4选项A.thefleas,whenfullydeveloped,arenotnormallywheretheprimatesareB.theydonotmindthefleasC.theharmfultypeoffleararelygetsontothemD.thefleasrelationshipwiththemisimportantbiologically问题5选项A.wolvesaremoredefensiveandaggressivethanprimatesB.primatesaremorefriendlythanwolvesC.itisnotsodifficultforprimatestoobtainfoodasforwolvesD.primatesarenotterritorialanimals17.单选题Inthefilmwesawlastnight,thehero（）hiswifetodeathwithhissword.问题1选项A.throatB.thrustC.trustD.thread18.单选题The（）betweenthetwoplayingperiodsofafootballgameisonlyafewminutes.问题1选项A.internalB.reserveC.intervalD.radium19.翻译题由19世纪的后印象派开始，凡高、赛尚、高更三个人的创作理念和风格是现代艺术的开端。他们之所以在美术史上重要因为他们是开拓者。所以在谈论到现代艺术时我们无法跨过这三个大师。当然，现在的后现代艺术与现代艺术又是不同的，后现代艺术同样是对之前的现代艺术的思考和反叛，也只有在不断的创新与反叛中，艺术的历史才能被延续。20.翻译题Successfulleadersareemotionallyandintellectuallyorientedtothefuture—notweddedtothepast.Theyhaveahungertotakeresponsibility,toinnovate,andtoinitiate.Theyarenotcontentwithmerelytakingcareofwhat’salreadythere.Theywanttomoveforwardtocreatesomethingnew.Leadersprovideanswersaswellasdirection,offerstrengthaswellasdedication,andspeakfromexperienceaswellasunderstandingoftheproblemstheyfaceandthepeopletheyworkwith.Leadersareflexibleratherthandogmatic.Theybelieveinunityratherthanconformity.Andtheystrivetoachieveconsensusoutofconflict.Leadershipisallaboutgettingpeopleconsistentlytogivetheirbest,helpingthemtogrowtotheirfullestpotential,andmotivatingthemtoworktowardacommongood.Leadermaketherightthingshappenwhenthey’resupposedto.Agoodleader,aneffectiveleader,isonewhohasrespect.Respectissomethingyouhaveinordertoget.Aleaderwhohasrespectforotherpeopleatalllevelsofanorganization.Fortheworktheydo,andfortheirabilities,aspirationsandneeds,willfindthatrespectisreturn.Andallconcernedwillbemotivatedtoworktogether.21.单选题Ingeneral,theamountthatastudentspendsforhousingshouldbeheldtoone-fifthofthetotal（）forlivingexpenses.问题1选项A.acceptableB.applicableC.advisableD.available22.单选题

Eachofthemhadadifferent（）ofwhatactuallyhappened,butherswasfarmorebelievable.问题1选项A.messageB.theoryC.versionD.comment23.单选题Thoughthenumberoftheupperclassisamereonethirdofthepopulation,theymakeupatleast25percentofthenation’swealth.Thisclasshastwoparts:upper-upperandlower-upper.（1）,theupper-upperclassisthe“oldrich”—familiesthathavebeenwealthyforseveralgenerations—anobilityof（2）andwealth.Afewareknownacrossthenation,suchastheRockefellers,andtheVanderbilts.Mostarenot（3）tothegeneralpublic.Theyhaveno（4）totherestofthecommunity,（5）theirincomefromtheinvestmentoftheirinheritedwealth.By（6）,thelower-upperclassisthe“newrich”.（7）theymaybewealthierthansomeoftheoldrich,thenewrichhavebeen（8）tomaketheirmoneylike（9）elsebeneaththeirclass.（10）theirstatusisgenerally（11）thanthatoftheoldrich,whohavenotfounditnecessarytoliftafingertomaketheirmoney,andwho（12）tolookdownuponthenewrich.Howeveritswealthis（13）,theupperclassisveryrich.Theyhaveenoughmoneyandleisuretimeto（14）aninterestintheartsandto（15）rarebooksandpaintings.Theygenerallyliveinexclusiveareas,belongtoexclusivesocialclubs,communicatewitheachother,andmarrytheirownkind,allofwhichkeepsthemso（16）fromthemassesthattheyhavebeencalledtheout-of-sightclass.Morethananyotherclass,theytendtobe（17）ofbeingmembersofaclass.Theyalso（18）anenormousamountofpowerandinfluencehereandabroad,asthey（19）manytopgovernmentpositions.Theiractions（20）thelivesofmillions.问题1选项A.ConsequentlyB.AccordinglyC.RegularlyD.Basically问题2选项A.beginningB.birthC.infancyD.foundation问题3选项A.visibleB.noticeableC.obviousD.apparent问题4选项A.contactB.associationC.communicationD.relation问题5选项A.pullingB.abstractingC.drawingD.making问题6选项A.comparisonB.contrastC.contraryD.difference问题7选项A.AlthoughB.BecauseC.ThereforeD.However问题8选项A.greedyB.indifferentC.sympatheticD.depressed问题9选项A.nobodyB.everybodyC.somebodyD.anybody问题10选项A.ThenB.ButC.ThusD.Whereas问题11选项A.superiorB.inferiorC.higherD.lower问题12选项A.wantB.selectC.hateD.tend问题13选项A.retainedB.benefitedC.acquiredD.rewarded问题14选项A.reproduceB.yieldC.cultivateD.rear问题15选项A.collectB.gatherC.assembleD.accumulate问题16选项A.distantB.farC.separateD.remote问题17选项A.doubtfulB.consciousC.sensitiveD.sensible问题18选项A.demandB.controlC.directD.command问题19选项A.seizeB.abuseC.holdD.sustain问题20选项A.attractB.affectC.effectD.incline24.单选题Childrenlearnalmostnothingfromtelevision,andthemoretheywatchthelesstheyremember.Theyregardtelevisionpurely（1）entertainment,resentprogramsthatput（2）onthemandaresurprisedthatanybodyshould（3）themediumseriously.Farfrombeingover-excitedbyprograms,theyaremildly（4）withthewholething.Thesearethemainconclusionsfromanewstudyofchildrenandtelevision.Theauthor,CardiacCullingford（5）thatthemodernchildisa（6）viewer.Thestudysuggeststhatthereislittle（7）inthelaterhours.All11-year-oldshavewatchedprogramsaftermidnight.Apartfromtheobviouswasteoftime（8）,itseemsthatallthisviewinghaslittleeffect.Cullingfordsaysthatchildrencanrecallfewdetails.Theycanrememberexactlywhichprogramstheyhaveseenbuttheycan（9）explaintheelementsofaparticularplot.Recallwasin“（10）proportiontotheamounttheyhadwatched”.Itispreciselybecausetelevision,（11）ateacher,demandssolittleattentionandresponse（12）childrenlikeit,arguesCullingford.Programsseekingto（13）seriousmessagesarestronglydisliked.（14）peoplewhofrequentlytalkonscreen.Whatchildrenlikemostaretheadvertisements.Theyseethemasshortprograms（15）theirownrightandparticularlyenjoyhumorouspresentation.Butagain,they（16）stronglyagainsthigh-pressureadvertisementsthatattemptopenlyto（17）them.Inaddition,childrenarenot（18）involvedintheprograms.Iftheyadmirethestars,itisbecausetheactorsleadglamorouslivesandearnalotofmoney,（19）theirfictionalskillswithfastcarsandshootingvillains.Childrenareperfectly（20）thefunctionsofadvertisements.AndsaysCullingford,educationaltelevisionisprobablyleastsuccessfulofallinimpartingattitudesorinformation.问题1选项A.forB.asC.likeD.at问题2选项A.reformsB.commentsC.callsD.demands问题3选项A.adjustB.selectC.takeD.restrict问题4选项A.gratifiedB.acquaintedC.infectedD.bored问题5选项A.conformsB.confirmsC.confessesD.refutes问题6选项A.dedicatedB.sincereC.preoccupiedD.choosy问题7选项A.perfectionB.faithC.intentionD.point问题8选项A.resolvedB.involvedC.revivedD.revolved问题9选项A.rarelyB.fairlyC.abundantlyD.fully问题10选项A.diverseB.reverseC.immerseD.direct问题11选项A.dislikeB.likeC.unlikeD.unlikely问题12选项A.whyB.thatC.whichD.whether问题13选项A.putoverB.carryoverC.seeoverD.takeover问题14选项A.ThoseareB.SoareC.TheyareD.Thereare问题15选项A.inB.amongC.throughD.with问题16选项A.weighB.reactC.discriminateD.proceed问题17选项A.influenceB.haveinfluencedC.influencedD.influencing问题18选项A.indifferentlyB.emotionallyC.intellectuallyD.facilely问题19选项A.mainlybecauseB.partlybecauseC.notbecauseD.notbecauseof问题20选项A.clearaboutB.clearupC.clearawayD.clearof25.单选题Shelikesthe（）flowerinsteadofthenaturalone.问题1选项A.articleB.adventureC.ancientD.artificial第1卷参考答案一.综合题1.【答案】A【解析】考查反义疑问句。陈述部分的谓语是usedto，疑问部分要用didn't+主语或usedn’t+主语。所以只有选项A正确。2.【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项philosophy“哲学，哲理”；B选项manner“方式，习惯”；C选项personality“个性，品格”；D选项idealism“唯心主义”。句意：经历了生活中的种种艰辛，他成为了一个著名的有着明显个性的小丑。选项C符合语境。3.【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项workat“从事于，致力于”；B选项excelat“突出，擅长于”；C选项aimat“目的在于”；D选项gazeat“盯住，凝视”。根据句意可知，填空处填入的词应和at搭配，并且和goodat意思相近。句意“为什么有些人擅长数学，而有些人擅长艺术或排球?”选项B符合语境。4.【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:C第4题:A第5题:B第6题:C第7题:D第8题:D第9题:A第10题:B第11题:C第12题:B第13题:A第14题:A第15题:C第16题:B第17题:D第18题:C第19题:D第20题:A【解析】1.考查固定搭配。notjust...but…是固定句型，意为“不仅……而且……”。原文指的是自然法则不仅从性质上而且从数量上概括了世界是如何运转的，选项D符合原文语境。2.考查上下文语义。根据后面的描述可知，这里是作者进行的一个假设，所以这里应该填入动词imagine“想象”，选项C符合语境。3.考查词组辨析。A选项makefor“导致，有助于”；B选项makeof“了解”；C选项makeup“组成，构成”；D选项makefrom“由……制造”。根据句意可知，这里是指“由1080个基本粒子构成的宇宙”，选项C符合句意。4.考查词组辨析。A选项atleast“至少”；B选项atmost“至多”；C选项atlast“最后，终于”；D选项atthecost“以……为代价”。根据句意“要理解这样一个宇宙，我们至少需要一个和宇宙一样大的大脑。”选项A符合语境。5.考查副词辨析。A选项likely“很可能，或许”；B选项unlikely“不太可能”；C选项really“实际上，真正地”；D选项virtually“事实上，几乎”。结合上下文的语境可知“这样的宇宙似乎不太可能有生命和智慧……”，选项B符合语境。6.考查近义词辨析。A选项want“想要”；B选项demand“强烈要求”；C选项require“需要”；D选项acquire“获得”。根据句意“因为人类和大脑都需要某种程度的内部稳定和秩序。”demand语气过于强硬，选项C更符合语境。7.考查连词辨析。根据句意“在一个更加随机的宇宙中存在着比我们更加聪明的生命，也不会有太多的知识、激情或欢乐。”这里应填入表示让步的连词，所以只有选项D正确。8.考查上下文语义。根据句意可知，这里是说宇宙中存在着比我们更加聪明的生命。选项D符合语境。9.考查上下文语义。上文提到作者所假设的宇宙中充满了未知，下文则讲述“我们生活在一个至少重要部分是可知的宇宙中。”由此可知，这对于我们来说是一件幸运的事，所以选项A符合语境。10.考查动词辨析。A选项provide“提供”；B选项prepare“准备”；C选项arm“武装”；D选项equip“装备”。根据句意“我们的常识性经验和我们的进化史已经为我们理解日常世界的一些事情做好了准备。”选项B符合语境。11.考查词组辨析。A选项turnto“转向，变成”；B选项turnon“打开”；C选项turnouttobe“结果是，被证明是”；D选项turnawayfrom“远离”。根据句意“然而，当我们进入其他领域时，常识和普通直觉被证明是非常不可靠的向导。”选项C符合语境。12.考查动词辨析。A选项decrease“减少，降低”；B选项increase“增加，提高”；C选项reduce“减少，缩小”；D选项advance“前进”。根据句意“令人震惊的是，当我们接近光速时，我们的质量会无限……，在朝着运动的方向时，我们的厚度会缩小到零，而我们的时间会像我们想的那样接近停止。”句子前后形成对比，表示相反的情况，所以选项B符合语境。13.考查固定搭配。inthedirectionof意为“朝着……方向”。选项A正确。14.考查固定用法。everyweekortwo指的是“大约每一两周”，原文指的是“每一两周我就会收到一封信”，所以选项A符合语境。15.考查形容词辨析。A选项clever“聪明的”；B选项wise“明智的”；C选项brilliant“杰出的，精彩的，精妙绝伦的”；D选项intelligent“智能的”。根据句意“但它实际上肯定不仅仅是实验的结果，也是阿尔伯特•爱因斯坦对时空精妙绝伦的分析，这个分析被称为狭义相对论。”选项C和analysis搭配最为恰当。16.考查固定搭配。inthehabitof意为“有……的习惯”，选项B正确。17.考查语法结构。分析句子结构可知，填空处所填入的词在宾语从句中充当主语成分，只有选项D符合要求。18.考查动词辨析。根据句意“为什么我们移动的速度不能超过光速”，travel不仅表示旅行，还有移动的意思，所以选项C符合语境。19.考查上下文语义。A选项whether“是否”；B选项unless“除非”；C选项sofar“到目前为止”；D选项sofaras“只要，就……而言”。根据句意“但就我们所知，这就是宇宙构建的方式。”选项D符合语境。20.考查动词辨析。根据句意“这些禁令不仅迫使我们变得有点谦卑；也使世界变得可知。”选项A符合语境。5.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.主旨大意题。原文第一段首先指出未来的水问题将变得更加严重和复杂，尤其是污水问题。接下来在二三段主要讲解决污水问题的方法。所以本文主要的目的是为了让人们了解污水问题，选项C正确。2.细节事实题。根据第一段第二、三句“Ourincreasingpopulationwilltremendouslyincreaseurbanwastes,primarilysewage.Ontheotherhand,increasingdemandsforwaterwilldecreasesubstantiallytheamountofwateravailablefordilutingwastes.我们不断增长的人口将极大地增加城市垃圾，主要是污水。另一方面，对水的需求增加将大大减少可用来稀释废物的水量。”可知选项B和选项C均有涉及；根据第一段倒数第二句“Thiswillinvolveever-increasingquantitiesofagriculturalchemicals.这将涉及越来越多的农用化学品。”可知选项D有涉及。根据第一段第四句“Rapidlyexpandingindustrieswhichinvolvemoreandmorecomplexchemicalprocesses…快速发展的工业涉及越来越复杂的化学过程”，并没有说工业发展包括简化复杂的化学过程，所以选项A与原文表述不符。3.判断推理题。根据最后一段最后两句“Manyindustries,suchasmeatandpoultryprocessingplants,arecurrentlyconvertingformerwasteproductsintomarketablebyproducts.Otherindustriesarepotentialeconomicusesforwasteproducts.许多行业，如肉类和家禽加工厂，目前正在将以前的废物转化为可销售的副产品。其他行业是废物的潜在经济用途。”也就是说，一些行业现在正在经济地利用废物，选项D符合原文。4.判断推理题。从全文来看，作者只是在表达个人的观点以及陈述个人观察的结果：介绍水污染及其解决办法，所以选项B正确。5.词义推断题。根据句意可知，“theprocessingofsolidwastes”应该是在“disposal”之前，所以“priorto”意为“之前”，选项C正确。6.【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项covering“覆盖物”；B选项wrapping“包装纸”；C选项packing“包装，填充物”；D选项collecting“聚集，收集”。句意：女孩为礼物挑选了一些非常漂亮的包装纸。选项B符合语境。7.【答案】B【解析】考查语法知识。A选项surround“围绕，包围”；B选项circle“盘旋，环绕……移动”；C选项observe“观察，遵守”；D选项view“观察，考虑”。句意：为了熟悉飞机的操纵，这个人不得不环绕着机场飞行了好几次。选项B符合语境。8.【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项delight“高兴”；B选项twilight“衰退期”；C选项flight“飞行”；D选项plight“困境”。句意“文化部门正试图通过各种方式帮助这些演艺企业走出困境。”选项D符合语境。9.【答案】