2023年考研考博-考博英语-山西大学考试历年高频考点真题答案

2023年考研考博-考博英语-山西大学考试历年高频考点真题答案第1卷一.综合题(共25题)1.单选题Thenewaircraftwillbe（）toatestoftemperaturesof-65℃and120℃.问题1选项A.summonedB.subjectedC.suspendedD.suppressed2.单选题Whatisalifestyleandhowisthatdifferentfromalife?Alifestyleisaboutbrand（1）andbuyingidentityorfame.Lifestylegivesa（2）ofpeaceandacceptabilitythatcomesfromothersrecognizingwhatyou’vebought.Ifyourcarandclothesareexpensive,thenyoureceivethesuperficial（3）ofothers.Alife,（4）isverydifferent.Alifeiswhatyouleadwhenyouknowwhat（5）mosttoyou.Yourself-esteemcomesfromwhat’sinsideyou.Itcomesfrombeingconnectedtowhatyouknowisimportant,andbeing（6）toputthatfirstnomatterwhatothersmaythink.Howmanytimeshaveyouseensomeonework（7）hoursinajobthattheydonotenjoyjusttobeableto（8）anexpensivelifestyle?TherewasarecentcommercialonTVthatshowedamanlaughinginhisyardsaying:“Idriveanexpensivecar,havea5bedroomhome,acountryclubmembership,aswimmingpoolandI’mindebt（9）myeyeballs！”Lifestyleisexpensivebecauseit（10）agreatdealtodowhatyouthinkissocially（11）.Alifeisnotexpensive.Ratherthan（12）personalorfinancialresources,alifegenerates（13）andpower.Thisisnotanissueof（14）luxuryforitsownsake;it’saboutliberatingyourselffromthe（15）consumptionthatsocietydictates.Itisaboutmakingthechoicesthatare（16）yourvalues.Howcanyoumakethechange?Understandthe（17）betweenaLife(beingdirectedfromwithin)andaLifestyle(beingdirectedfromoutside).Analyzeyourcurrentlifestyletosee（18）iscostingyouinmoney,timeandenergytokeepit.Letgoand（19）whatisreallyimportanttoyou,what（20）youandbringsyoujoy.Rememberwhoyouarefromwithin,notwhatyouown!问题1选项A.symbolsB.titlesC.namesD.labels问题2选项A.senseB.reasonC.statusD.case问题3选项A.jealousyB.criticismC.gratitudeD.approval问题4选项A.inotherwordsB.atthesametimeC.asaresultD.ontheotherhand问题5选项A.refersB.mattersC.holdsD.works问题6选项A.generousB.relievedC.willingD.grateful问题7选项A.limitedB.onlyC.longD.fair问题8选项A.maintainB.appreciateC.tolerateD.reform问题9选项A.uptoB.equaltoC.downtoD.relevantto问题10选项A.meansB.spendsC.provesD.costs问题11选项A.believableB.reliableC.comfortableD.acceptable问题12选项A.collectingB.drainingC.dismissingD.spreading问题13选项A.kindnessB.knowledgeC.energyD.beauty问题14选项A.buyingB.losingC.avoidingD.counting问题15选项A.mindlessB.effortlessC.selflessD.careless问题16选项A.inlinewithB.incomparisonwithC.incontrastwithD.intouchwith问题17选项A.balanceB.spaceC.differenceD.connection问题18选项A.whenB.whyC.thatD.what问题19选项A.makeupforB.makeuseofC.makepeacewithD.makeroomfor问题20选项A.sustainsB.detainsC.obtainsD.contains3.单选题DoyoufindyourselfcheckingFacebookassoonasyouwakeupinthemorning?Evenasyoureadthisarticle,isyourrightindexfingertwitchingonthemouse,justitchingtoclickonsomethingnew?Ifso,welcometothe21stcentury.Withoutevenrealizingit,we’vesignedupforalifeinwhichwe’reallconnected,allthetime.WhetherornotthisisagoodthingisthesubjectofHamlet’sBlackberry,anewbookbyWilliamPowers.Earlyinthebook,Powersdescribesascenethatshouldstrikemanyasfamiliar:HeisstandingatacrosswalkinthemiddleofManhattan,alongsidefiveoreightotherpeople—allofwhomarestaringintentlyatsomedigitaldevice.“HereIwasinNewYork,themostfantasticcityintheworld—somuchtolookat,toseeandhear,andeverybodyaroundmeessentiallywasn’tpresent,”hesays.Powersmayquestionthewayweuseourgadgets,buthecertainlydoesn’tcondemnit.Hedoes,however,recognizethedownsideofconstantlybeingfloodedwithnewinformationorwhathecallsthe“conundrumofconnectedness.”Amongthethingsthatsufferfromouroverconnectedness,Powerssays,arerelationships.“Ifwe’reconstantlytogglingbetweenpeopleonFacebookandtextsandallthesenewwaysofconnectingalldaylong,andweneverhaveasustainedconnection,”Powerssays.“It’ssortoftheoppositeofconnectedness.”Buthowareweofthe21stcenturysupposedtocopewiththatproblem?Powershasonesuggestionthat’sbothutterlysimpleandalmostimpossibletoimaginefollowing:justdisconnect.Hisfamily,forexample,takesan“InternetSabbath”everyweekend.“Weturnoffthehouseholdmodem,andwedon’thavesmartphonesthewholeweekend.Wecan’tdoWebsurfing.”heexplains.AccordingtoPowers,thepositiveeffectsofthesetechnologybreaksarefeltlongaftertheweekendsareover.“Evenwhenwe’reconnected,wecanfeelthebenefitsofhavingbeendisconnectedacoupledaysago,”hesays.“It’sjustaboutthatsimpleword,‘balance’”.Notthathethinksuppluggingyourmodemisnecessarilyeasy.“It’sreallyhardtopullaway.Youhavetoknowwhyyou’redoingit,andreallybelieve”hesays.“WhatI’mabouthereistryingtoconvincepeoplethatit’sworthdoing.”1.WhatWilliamPowersdescribesinParagraph2（）.2.Theword“downside”(Para.3)isclosestinmeaningto“（）”.3.“InternetSabbath”meansthatonthisdaytheauthor’sfamily（）.4.Theauthorthinksthatthe“InternetSabbath”（）.5.Thepassageismostlikelya（）.问题1选项A.makeslittledifferencetoourlifeB.isacommonphenomenonC.rarelyhappensinotherplacesD.iswhathehasbeenlookingfor问题2选项A.confusionB.disadvantageC.challengeD.secret问题3选项A.usestheInternettocallandtextB.usestheInternetonlyforpleasureC.completelystopsusingtheInternetD.cannotworkwithouttheInternet问题4选项A.isreallyworthtakingB.issuitableformostfamilyC.istoohardforotherstofollowD.isrelativelyeasytocarryout问题5选项A.socialsurveyB.newsreportC.technologyupdateD.bookreview4.翻译题FROMCHINESETOENGLISH我说过我们要发展记忆，那是因为我们生活中有此需要。没有文化的动物中，能以本能来应付生活，就不必有记忆。我这样说，其实也包含了另一项意思，就是人在记忆上发展的程度是依他们生活需要而决定的。我们每个人，每一刻，所接触的外界众多复杂，但是并不进入我们的感觉，我们有所选择。和我们眼睛所接触的外界我们并不都看见，我们只看见我们所注意的，我们的视线有焦点，焦点依着我们的注意而移动。注意的对象由我们选择，选择的根据是我们生活的需要。5.单选题AnewwebsitefromtheUSDepartmentofAgriculture(USDA)showsthat10%ofthecountryisnowa“fooddesert”.TheFoodDesertLocatorisanonlinemaphighlightingthousandsofareaswhere,theUSDAsays,low-incomefamilieshavelittleornoaccesstohealthyfreshfood.FirstidentifiedinScotlandinthe1990s,fooddesertshavecometosymbolizeurbandecay.Theysuggestimagesofendlessfast-foodrestaurantsandconveniencestoresservingfatty,sugaryjunkfoodtooverweightcustomerswhohavenevertastedorganicvegetables.Accordingly,MichelleObamaannounceda$400mHealthyFoodFinancingInitiativelastyearwiththeaimofeliminatingfooddesertsnationwideby2017.Officialfiguresforthenumberofpeoplelivinginfooddesertsalreadyshowadecline,from23.5min2009to13.5matthelaunchofthewebsite.Althoughthismightonthefaceofitsuggestthattheinitiativeisofftoasuperbstart,sadlyitdoesnotinfactrepresentasingleadditionalbananaboughtorsodashunned.ThisisbecauseinAmerica,thedefinitionofafooddesertisanycensusareawhereatleast20%ofinhabitantsarebelowthepovertylineand33%livemorethanamilefromasupermarket.Bysimplyextendingthecut-offinruralareastotenmiles,theUSDAmanagedtorescue10mpeoplefromdesertlife.Someacademicswouldgofurther,callingtheappearanceofmanyfooddesertsnothingbutamirage.ResearchbytheCentreforPublicHealthNutritionattheUniversityofWashingtonfoundthatonly15%ofpeopleshoppedforfoodwithintheirowncensusarea.CriticsalsonotethatfocusingonsupermarketsmeansthattheUSDAignorestensofthousandsoflargerandsmallerretailers,farmers’marketsandroadsidegreengrocers,manyofwhichareexcellentsourcesoffreshfood.Together,theyaccountformorethanhalfofthecountry’strillion-dollarretailfoodmarket.AvisittoRenton,adepressedsuburbofSeattle,demonstratestheproblem.ThetownsitsinthemiddleofaUSDAfooddesertstretchingmilesineverydirection.Yetitishometoaroadsidestandservingorganicfruitandvegetables,ahealth-foodshoppackedwithnutritiousgrainsandasuperstorethatresearchersfoundattractsflocksofshoppersfromwelloutsidethedesert.1.AccordingtotheUSDA,fooddeserts（）.2.HealthyFoodFinancingInitiativeisintendedto（）.3.Theauthorseemstothinkthatthedropfrom23.5millionto13.5million（）.4.Thescholarsinparagraph3believethattheUSDAdefinitionofafooddesertis（）.5.Rentonismentionedinthepassageto（）.问题1选项A.aredirectlyrelatedtourbanpovertyB.arethedirectcauseofoverweightC.tendtobefoundinpoorruralareasD.refertotheplaceswithafoodshortage问题2选项A.addressthegrowingweightproblemB.ensurefoodsafetyacrossthenationC.increaseaccesstohealthierfoodD.changetheAmericanwayofliving问题3选项A.isn’tbasedonlatestinformationB.doesn’tmakemuchdifferenceC.representsarealprogressD.isatleastagoodbeginning问题4选项A.outdatedB.creativeC.justifiableD.problematic问题5选项A.tellustoputfooddesertsinperspectiveB.pointoutthesolutionstofooddesertsC.raisepublicawarenessaboutfooddesertsD.highlighttheproblemsoffooddeserts6.单选题Onceuponatime,peoplebelievedstayingahealthyweightwaseasy.Toloseweightyousimplyhadtopracticethereverseofhomeeconomics—spendmorethanyouearned.Unfortunatelyformany,butperhapsnotsurprisingly,itturnsoutthatpeoplearerathermorecomplicatedthanbankaccounts.Tostayahealthyweight,youneedahormonecalledleptontoworkproperly.Itsends“I’mfull”messagesfromthefatcellsuptothebrain,wheretheygo,amongotherplaces,tothesamepleasurecentersthatrespondtodrugslikecocaine.Fatpeopleproduceplentyoflepton,butthebraindoesn’tseemtorespondtoitproperly.LastyearresearchersattheOregonResearchInstitutescannedthebrainsofoverweightpeopleandfoundtheirrewardcircuit（线路）wereunderactive.Theywereeatingmoretotrytogettheenjoymenttheyweremissing.There’salotofevidenceforthefactthatmost,ifnotall,ofushaveasetpointaroundwhichourweightcanvarybyaboutseventoninekilos,butanythingbeyondthatisarealstruggle.Makingchangesishard,particularlyifyourbodyisworkingagainstyou.Sowhynotrejectthetraditionalapproachesandtrysomenewmethod,basedonthelatestresearch,thatworkwithyourbodyratherthanagainstit.SeveralyearsagoresearchersattheNationalInstituteonAginginBaltimorereportedthatwhentheygaveratsverylittlefoodonedayandallowedthemtoeatplentythenext,theyshowedvirtuallyallthebenefitsofapermanentcalorierestrictiondiet.Thesamegoesforhumans,accordingtoDr.JamesJohnson.Howdoesitwork?Besidesforcingthebodytoburnfat,itmayalsocausehormonalchanges.Mostpeoplesaythatthediettakesabitofgettingusedto,butisnotasgrindingastryingtocutbackonaneverydaybasis.Olderdietersmayremembersomethingcalledbrownfat.Unliketheundesirablewhitestuff;thiswasadieter’sdream.Insteadofstoringexcessenergyasfat,brown-fattissueburneditofftokeepyouwarm—atleastinmice.Brownfatfelloutoffavorbecauseresearcherscouldn’tfindmuchinhumansbutnow,thankstotheNewEnglandjournalofMedicine,it’sbackinfashion.Theideaistoexposepeopletocoldtemperatures.Theythenmakemorebrownfatandtheirweightdrops.1.Thelastsentenceinparagraph1indicatesthatpeople’sunderstandingoflosingweight（）.2.AccordingtothefindingsoftheOregonResearchInstitute,（）.3.ThemethodusedbytheNationalInstituteonAgingcanbesummarizedas“（）”.4.Theword“grinding”intheparagraph5isclosestinmeaningto（）.5.Itcanbelearnedthatbrownfat（）.问题1选项A.isunnecessarilycomplicatedB.seemsratherunreasonableC.usedtobelimitedD.canbepartlyjustified问题2选项A.OverweightpeoplegotlesspleasurefromeatingthesameamountB.OverweightpeopleenjoyedeatingmorethantheothersdoC.PeoplewillbecomeoverweightiftheyeatmorethantheyneedD.Peoplearemorelikelytobeoverweightiftheyproducelesslepton问题3选项A.NodietatallB.DietonadailybasisC.DieteveryotherdayD.Dietpermanently问题4选项A.EffectiveB.RealisticC.UnreliableD.Miserable问题5选项A.convertsexcessenergyintofatB.accumulateseasilyinhumanbodiesC.worksbetterinwarmtemperaturesD.burnsextraenergytoproduceheat7.翻译题Quittingsmokingismoreofamatterofwillpowerthanofindividualchoice,forsmokingiswidelyrecognizedasaddictive.Althoughcounselingandmedicationcanincreasetheoddsthatasmokerquitspermanently,thebestwaytoavoiddilemmasisnevertotakeupsmokingtobeginwith.Theirreversibleeffectsofcigarettesmokingvaryinintensityandarerelatedbothtotheamountanddurationofexposureandtheageatwhichthepersonisinitiallyexposed.Thisreportchallengesthenotionthatafewyearsofexposuretosmokingwillhavenolastingharmfulconsequences.Wehopetodiscouragethisprevalentbutvitalhabitandsuggestthattobacco-relatedhealtheffectsdeclinesubstantiallyastimeawayfromsmokingincreases.8.单选题Thedeanaskedthesecretaryiftherewereenoughpeople（）toholdafacultymeeting.问题1选项A.onhandB.onaverageC.onpurposeD.onend9.单选题Somewomenaremotivatedtowork（）professionalinterestsandadesiretocontributetosociety.问题1选项A.becauseofB.astoC.regardlessofD.inspiteof10.单选题Wespentanhour（）withthecrowdsaswedidourshopping.问题1选项A.purlingB.cobblingC.jostlingD.tapping11.单选题Doyourchildrenworrythattheymightfeelpressureto（）yourhero’simage?问题1选项A.catchupwithB.adduptoC.comeupwithD.liveupto12.单选题Themorewomenandminoritiesmaketheirwayintotheranksofmanagement,themoretheyseemtowanttotalkaboutthingsformerlyjudgedtobebestleftunsaid.Thenewcomersalsotendtoseeofficematterswithafresheye,intheprocesssometimescomingupwithcriticalanalysesoftheforcesthatshapeeveryone’sexperienceintheorganization.ConsiderthenovelviewsofHarveyColemanofAtlantaonthesubjectofgettingahead.Colemanisblack.Hespent11yearswithIBM,halfofthemworkinginmanagementdevelopment,andnowservesasaconsultanttothelikesofAT&T,CocaCola,Prudential,andMerch.Colemansaysthatbasedonwhathe’sseenatbigcompanies,heweighsthedifferentelementsthatmakeforlong-termcareersuccessasfollows:performancecountsamere10%,image,30%;andexposure,afull60%.Colemanconcludesthatexcellentjobperformanceissocommonthesedaysthatwhiledoingyourworkwellmaywinyoupayincreases,itwon’tsecureyouthebigpromotion.Hefindsthatadvancementmoreoftendependsonhowmanypeopleknowyouandyourwork,andhowhighuptheyare.Ridiculousbeliefs?Nottomanypeople,especiallymanywomenandmembersofminorityraceswho,likeColeman,feelthatthescales(障眼物)havedroppedfromtheireyes.“Womenandblacksinorganizationsworkunderfalsebeliefs,”saysKaleelJamison,aNewYorkbasedmanagementconsultantwhohelpscorporationsdealwiththeseissues.“Theythinkthatifyouworkhard,you’llgetahead—thatsomeoneinauthoritywillreachdownandgiveyouapromotion.”Sheadds,“Mostwomenandblacksaresofrightenedthatpeoplewillthinkthey’vegottenaheadbecauseoftheirsexorcolorthattheyplaydown(使不突出)theirvisibility.”Heradvicetothosefolks:learnthewaysthatwhitemaleshavetraditionallyusedtofindtheirwayintothespotlight.1.Accordingtothepassage,“thingsformerlyjudgedtobebestleftunsaid”(Line2,Para.1)probablyrefersto“（）”.2.Toachievesuccessinyourcareer,themostimportantfactor,accordingtothepassage,isto（）.3.Thereasonwhywomenandblacksplaydowntheirvisibilityisthatthey（）.4.TheauthorisoftheopinionthatColeman’sbeliefsare（）.5.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe（）.问题1选项A.criticismsthatshapeeveryone’sexperienceB.theopinionswhichcontradicttheestablishedbeliefsC.thetendenciesthathelpthenewcomerstoseeofficematterswithafresheyeD.theideaswhichusuallycomeupwithusuallycomeupwithnewwaysofmanagementintheorganization问题2选项A.letyoursuperiorsknowhowgoodyouareB.projectafavorableimagetothepeoplearoundyouC.workasaconsultanttoyoursuperiorsD.performwellyourtasksgivenbyyoursuperiors问题3选项A.knowthatsomeoneinauthoritywillreachdownandgivethemapromotionB.wanttogivepeopletheimpressionthattheyworkunderfalsebeliefsC.don’twantpeopletothinkthattheirpromotionswereduetosexorcolorD.believetheycangetpromotedbyreasonoftheirsexorcolor问题4选项A.biasedB.popularC.insightfulD.superficial问题5选项A.RoleofWomenandMinoritiesinManagementB.TheImportanceofBeingVisibleC.JobPerformanceandAdvancementD.SexandCareerSuccess13.单选题Once,ataparty,Iwasintroducedtoafriendofafriend.Weshookhands,Itoldhermyname,shetoldmehers.ThenshedidsomethingthatIwaseversogratefulfor.“Hangon,”shesaid.“Canyousayyournameagain?Iwasn’treallylistening.”Shesavedmefromhavingtolater—possiblyevenatthesameparty—sheepishlyadmitthatI,too,hadalreadyforgottenhername.AninformalpolloffellowAtlanticstaffersconfirmedmysuspicionthatthisissomethingthathappenstoeventhemostkindandconscientiousamongus.Nosoonerdoessomeoneutterthemostfundamentalfactoidaboutthemselvesthantheinformationfleesourbrainsforever.Thereareafewreasonswhythisoccurs:You’renotreallythatinterested:Maybeyou’rejustmakinganappearanceatthispartyandareplanningtoabscondshortlytoasuperiorkick-back.Yourlevelofinterestcanimpacthowwellyouremembersomething.“Somepeople,perhapsthosewhoaremoresociallyaware,arejustmoreinterestedinpeople,moreinterestedinrelationships,”RichardHarris,professorofpsychologyatKansasStateUniversity,toldScienceDaily.“Theywouldbemoremotivatedtoremembersomebody’sname.”Therearetwotypesofstorageinthebrain:Long-termandshort-term.Theshort-termvarietyiscalled“workingmemory,”anditfunctionslikeaveryleakythermos.Itdoesn’tholdmuchanditspillsstuffoutallthetime.“Youcanholdjustalittlebitofinformationthereandifyoudon’tconcentrateonit,itfadesawayrapidly,”PaulReber,apsychologyprofessoratNorthwesternUniversity,toldmeinanemail.“Informationlikeanameneedstobetransferredtoadifferentbrainsystemthatcreateslong-termmemoriesthatpersistovertime.”There’snotmuchinaname,frankly.Itdoesn’tactuallytellyouanythingaboutthepersonyou’remeeting,andthusitdoesn’tgiveyourbrainanythingtoclingto.“Humanmemoryisverygoodatthingslikefacesandfactualinformationthatconnectswelltootherinformationyoualreadyknow,”Rebersaid.Thenameendsupneitherconnectingtowhatyoualreadyknownorstandingoutasunusual,”Rebersaid.“Soyougetthisfunnyphenomenonwhereyoucanrememberlotsaboutapersonyourecentlymet—everythingexcepttheirname(thishappenstomeallthetime).”1.Theauthorpointsoutinthefirsttwoparagraphsthat（）.2.AccordingtoRichardHarris,howwellwerememberanameisrelatedto（）.3.WhatistheproblemmentionedinParagraph5?4.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph6thatnamesare（）.5.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?问题1选项A.wewanttoknowhowtorememberotherpeople’snameB.weoftenfeelsorryforforgettingotherpeople’snameC.itisimportanttorememberotherpeople’snameD.itisjustcommontoforgetotherpeople’sname问题2选项A.whetheritisnecessarytodoitB.whetherthenameiseasytorememberC.howgoodourmemoryisD.howinterestedweareinthatperson问题3选项A.Limitofworkingmemory.B.Confusinginformation.C.Malfunctionofthebrain.D.Toomuchinformation.问题4选项A.symbolicB.pointlessC.uniqueD.informative问题5选项A.What’sinaname?B.What’syourname,again?C.Don’tforgetmynameD.That’smyname14.单选题Aneweraisuponus.Callitwhatyouwill:theserviceeconomy,theinformationage,theknowledgesociety.Ithaschangedthewaywework.Alreadywe’repartlythere.ThepercentageofpeoplewhoearntheirlivingbymakingthingshasfallendramaticallyintheWesternWorld.TodaythemajorityofjobsinAmerica,EuropeandJapan(twothirdsormoreinmanyofthesecountries)areintheserviceindustry,andthenumberisontherise.Morewomenareintheworkforcethaneverbefore.Therearemorepart-timejobs.Morepeopleareself-employed.Butthebreadthoftheeconomictransformationcan’tbemeasuredbynumbersalone,becauseitalsoisgivingrisetoabasicnewwayofthinkingaboutthenatureofworkitself.Long-heldconceptsaboutjobsandcareers,theskillsneededtosucceed,eventherelationbetweenindividualsandemployers—allthesearebeingchallenged.Wehaveonlytolookbehindustogetsomesenseofwhatmaylieahead.Noonelookingahead20yearspossiblycouldhaveforeseenthewaysinwhichasingleinvention,thechip,wouldtransformourworldthankstoitsapplicationsinpersonalcomputers,digitalcommunicationsandfactoryrobots.Tomorrow’sachievementsinbiotechnology,artificialintelligenceorevensomestillunimaginedtechnologycouldproduceasimilarwaveofdramaticchanges.Butonethingiscertain:informationandknowledgewillbecomeevenmoreimportant,andthepeoplewhopossessit,whethertheyworkinmanufacturingorservices,willhavetheadvantageandproducethewealth.Computerknowledgewillbecomeasbasicarequirementastheabilitytoreadandwrite.Theabilitytosolveproblemsbyapplyinginformationinsteadofperformingroutinetaskswillbevaluedaboveallelse.Ifyoucastyourmindahead10years,informationserviceswillbepredominant.Itwillbethewayyoudoyourjob.1.Acharacteristicoftheinformationageisthat（）.2.Oneofthegreatchangesbroughtaboutbytheknowledgesocietyisthat（）.3.Byreferringtocomputersandotherinventions,theauthormeansthat（）.4.Thefuturewillprobablybelongtothosewho（）.5.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?问题1选项A.theserviceindustryisrelyingmoreandmoreonthefemaleworkforceB.manufacturingindustriesaresteadilyincreasingC.peoplefinditharderandhardertoearnalivingbyworkinginfactoriesD.mostofthejobopportunitiescannowbefoundintheserviceindustry问题2选项A.thedifferencebetweentheemployeeandtheemployerhasbecomeinsignificantB.people’straditionalconceptsaboutworknolongerholdtrueC.mostpeoplehavetotakepart-timejobsD.peoplehavetochangetheirjobsfromtimetotime问题3选项A.peopleshouldbeabletorespondquicklytotheadvancementoftechnologyB.futureachievementsintechnologywillbringaboutunbelievablechangesC.theimportanceofhightechnologyhasbeenoverlookedD.computersciencewillplayaleadingroleinthefutureinformationservice问题4选项A.possessandknowhowtomakeuseofinformationB.givefullplaytotheirbrainpotentialareinvolvedintheserviceindustriesC.involvethemselvesintheserviceindustriesD.casttheirmindaheadinsteadoflookingback问题5选项A.ComputersandtheknowledgesocietyB.ServiceIndustriesintheModernSocietyC.FeaturesandmeaningsoftheNewEraD.RapidAdvancementofInformationTechnology15.单选题Oneofthechieffunctionsofslangwordsistoconsolidateone’s（）withagroup.问题1选项A.introductionB.superstitionC.identificationD.specification16.翻译题FROMENGLISHTOCHINESEHappinessissometimesseenasastateofmind.ButthisisnothowAristotleregardsit.“Well-being”,asweusuallytranslatehistermforhappiness,iswhatwemightcallastateofsoul,whichforhiminvolvesnotjustaninteriorconditionofbeing,butadispositiontobehaveincertainways.AsLudwigWittgensteinonceremarked,thebestimageofthesoulisthebody.Ifyouwanttoobservesomeone’sspirit,lookatwhattheydo.HappinessforAristotleisattainedbyvirtue,andvirtueisaboveallasocialpracticeratherthananattitudeofmind.Happinessispartofapracticalwayoflife,notsomeprivateinnercontentment.17.单选题Despitethe（）conditions,theroadwasfinishedinjusteightmonths.问题1选项A.attachedB.adverseC.adequateD.annual18.单选题Manychildrenoften（）whyairplanescanflylikebirdswhilewehumanscannot.问题1选项A.expectB.wonderC.assumeD.anticipate19.单选题Librariesareaninvestmentforthefutureandshouldnotbeallowedtofallinto（）.问题1选项A.dissolutionB.decayC.declineD.depression20.单选题Iftheuniversalityofimmersion-stylelanguageprograms,emergencytestprepclasses,tiredcollegekidsisanyindication,cramming(临时抱佛脚)isawildlypopularstudystrategy.Professorsfrownuponityetconspirebysqueezingvasttopicslike“Evolution”or“Worldhistory1914topresent”intothelastweekofacourse.Soiscrammingeffectiveornot?AnewstudybyUC-SanDiegopsychologistsconfirmswhatyoumaysuspectdeepdown:Theanswerisno.Hurriedmemorizationisahopelessapproachforretaininginformation.Butit’snotallbadnews.Theteamoffersapreciseformulaforbetterstudyhabits,anditdoesn’tnecessarilyneeddoggeddisciplineandroutine.Toarriveattheirprescription,thescientiststestedthe“spacingeffect”onlong-termmemory.Inotherwords,theywantedtoknowhowthetimegapbetweenstudysessionsinfluencestheabilitytoremembermaterialontestday.Theyasked1,354volunteerstomemorize32trivialfacts,suchas“Whoinventedsnowgolf.”(RudyardKipling)and“WhatEuropeannationconsumesthemostspicyMexicanfood”(Norway).Participantsreviewedtheanswersanywherefromseveralminutestoseveralmonthsafterfirstlearningthem,andthenweretesteduptoayearlater.ThefindingsStudentsperformbetterwhentheyspacetheirstudysessionsratherthanwhentheytrytocrameverythingintotheirheadsduringonesitting.Butforthosewhomustcram,timingiseverything.Accordingtotheresearchers,ifyouhaveonlyonedateonwhichtostudy,chooseadaythat’sclosertowhenyoufirstlearnedthematerialthanwhenyoutakethetest—butnottooclose.Forinstance,ifyouhaveaFrenchlessononMondayandaquizthefollowingMonday,youshouldstudyonWednesdayformaximumretention.TuesdayistooearlyandSundayistoolate.Ifyouwanttoremembersomethingforayear,waitaboutamonthtoreviewwhatyoulearned.HalPashler,oneoftheleadauthors,suspectsthatmostcrammersdon’trealizetheerroroftheirways.“Eveninthescientificcommunity,cram-typesummercoursesonnewresearchmethodsareextremelypopular,”hetoldmeinanemail.“AndIhaveneverheardpeoplewh