2023年考研考博-考博英语-重庆大学考试历年高频考点真题荟萃带答案

2023年考研考博-考博英语-重庆大学考试历年高频考点真题荟萃带答案第1卷一.综合题(共25题)1.单选题Universitiesareinstitutionsthatteachawidevarietyofsubjectsatadvancedlevels.Theyalsocarryoutresearchworkaimed（1）extendingman’sknowledgeofthesesubjects.Theemphasisgiventoeachofthesefunctions（2）fromuniversitytouniversity,accordingtotheviewsofthepeoplein（3）andaccordingtotheresourcesavailable.Thesmallerandneweruniversitiesdonot（4）thestafforequipmenttocarryoutthe（5）researchprojectspossibleinlargerinstitutions.（6）mostexpertsagreethatsomeresearchactivityis（7）tokeepthestaffandtheirstudentsin（8）withthelatestdevelopmentsintheirsubjects.Moststudentsattendauniversitymainlyto（9）theknowledgeneededfortheirchosen（10）.Educationistsbelievethatthisaimshouldnotbethe（11）one.Universitieshavealwaysaimedtoproducemenandwomen（12）judgmentandwisdomaswellasknowledge.Forthisreasonthey（13）studentstomeetotherwithdiffering（14）andtoreadwidelyto（15）theirunderstandinginmanyfieldsofstudy.（16）asecondaryschoolcourse,astudentshouldbeinterestedenoughinasubjecttoenjoygainingknowledgeforitsown（17）.Heshouldbeprepared（18）tosacrificestostudyhischosen（19）indepth.Heshouldhaveanambitiontomakesome（20）contributiontoman’sknowledge.问题1选项A.atB.byC.toD.in问题2选项A.turnsB.rangesC.movesD.varies问题3选项A.prospectB.placeC.controlD.favor问题4选项A.occupyB.possessC.involveD.spare问题5选项A.maximumB.mediumC.virtualD.vast问题6选项A.ButB.AsC.WhileD.For问题7选项A.naturalB.essentialC.functionalD.optional问题8选项A.coordinationB.accordanceC.touchD.grasp问题9选项A.acquireB.acceptC.endureD.ensure问题10选项A.processionB.professionC.possessionD.preference问题11选项A.typicalB.trueC.mereD.only问题12选项A.withB.underC.onD.through问题13选项A.promptB.provokeC.encourageD.anticipate问题14选项A.historiesB.expressionsC.interestsD.curiosities问题15选项A.broadenB.lengthenC.enforceD.specify问题16选项A.AmidB.OverC.AfterD.Upon问题17选项A.objectB.effectC.courseD.sake问题18选项A.takeB.sufferC.makeD.pay问题19选项A.fieldB.targetC.scopeD.goal问题20选项A.radicalB.meaningfulC.truthfulD.initial2.单选题1.（

）Everyhealthsysteminaneconomicallydevelopedsocietyisfacedwiththeneedtodecide(eitherformallyorinformally)whatproportionofthecommunity’stotalresourcesshouldbespentonhealth-care;howresourcesaretobeapportioned;whatdiseasesanddisabilitiesandwhichformsoftreatmentaretobegivenpriority;whichmembersofthecommunityaretobegivenspecialconsiderationinrespectoftheirhealthneeds;andwhichformsoftreatmentarethemostcost-effective.2.（

）Whatisnewisthat,fromthe1950sonwards,therehavebeencertaingeneralchangesinoutlookaboutthefinitudeofresourcesasawholeandofhealth-careresourcesinparticular,aswellasmorespecificchangesregardingtheclienteleofhealth-careresourcesandthecosttothecommunityofthoseresources.Thus,inthe1950sand1960s,thereemergedanawarenessinWesternsocietiesthatresourcesfortheprovisionoffossilfuelenergywerefiniteandexhaustibleandthatthecapacityofnatureortheenvironmenttosustaineconomicdevelopmentandpopulationwasalsofinite.Inotherwords,webecameawareoftheobviousfactthattherewere“limitstogrowth”.Thenewconsciousnessthattherewerealsoseverelimitstohealth-careresourceswaspartofthisgeneralrevelationoftheobvious.Lookingback,itnowseemsquiteincrediblethatinthenationalhealthsystemsthatemergedinmanycountriesintheyearsimmediatelyafterthe1939-45WorldWar,itwasassumedwithoutquestionthatallthebasichealthneedsofanycommunitycouldbesatisfied,atleastinprinciple;the“invisiblehand”ofeconomicprogresswouldprovide.3.（

）However,atexactlythesametimeasthisnewrealizationofthefinitecharacterofhealth-careresourceswassinkingin,anawarenessofacontrarykindwasdevelopinginWesternsocieties:thatpeoplehaveabasicrighttohealth-careasanecessaryconditionofaproperhumanlife.Likeeducation,politicalandlegalprocessesandinstitutions,publicorder,communication,transportandmoneysupply,health-carecametobeseenasoneofthefundamentalsocialfacilitiesnecessaryforpeopletoexercisetheirotherrightsasautonomoushumanbeings.Peoplearenotinapositiontoexercisepersonallibertyandtobeself-determiningiftheyarepoverty-stricken,ordeprivedofbasiceducation,ordonotlivewithinacontextoflawandorder.Inthesameway,basichealth-careisaconditionoftheexerciseofautonomy.4.（

）Althoughthelanguageof“rights”sometimesleadstoconfusion,bythelate1970sitwasrecognizedinmostsocietiesthatpeoplehavearighttohealth-care(thoughtherehasbeenconsiderableresistanceintheUnitedStatestotheideathatthereisaformalrighttohealth-care).Itisalsoacceptedthatthisrightgeneratesanobligationordutyforthestatetoensurethatadequatehealthcareresourcesareprovidedoutofthepublicpurse.Thestatehasnoobligationtoprovideahealth-caresystemitself,buttoensurethatsuchasystemisprovided.Putanotherway,basichealth-careisnowrecognizedasa“publicgood”,ratherthana“privategood”thatoneisexpectedtobuyforoneself.Asthe1976declarationoftheWorldHealthOrganizationputit:“Theenjoymentofthehighestattainablestandardofhealthisoneofthefundamentalrightsofeveryhumanbeingwithoutdistinctionofrace,religion,politicalbelief,economicorsocialcondition.”Ashasjustbeenremarked,inaliberalsocietybasichealthisseenasoneoftheindispensableconditionsfortheexerciseofpersonalautonomy.5.（

）Justatthetimewhenitbecameobviousthathealth-careresourcescouldnotpossiblymeetthedemandsbeingmadeuponthem,peopleweredemandingthattheirfundamentalrighttohealth-carebesatisfiedbythestate.Thesecondsetofmorespecificchangesthathaveledtothepresentconcernaboutthedistributionofhealth-careresourcesstemsfromthedramaticriseinhealthcostsinmostOECDcountries,accompaniedbylarge-scaledemographicandsocialchangeswhichhavemeant,totakeoneexample,thatelderlypeoplearenowmajor(andrelativelyveryexpensive)consumersofhealth-careresources.ThusinOECDcountriesasawhole,healthcostsincreasedfrom3.8%ofGDPin1960to7%ofGDPin1980,andithasbeenpredictedthattheproportionofhealthcoststoGDPwillcontinuetoincrease.(IntheUSthecurrentfigureisabout12%ofGDP,andinAustraliaabout7.8%ofGDP.)Asaconsequence,duringthe1980sakindofdoomsdayscenario(analogoustosimilardoomsdayextrapolationsaboutenergyneedsandfossilfuelsoraboutpopulationincreases)wasprojectedbyhealthadministrator,economistsandpoliticians.Inthisscenario,ever-risinghealthcostswerematchedagainststaticordecliningresources.问题1选项A.Theconnectionbetweenhealth-careandotherhumanrightsB.Thedevelopmentofmarket-basedhealthsystemsC.Theroleofthestateinhealth-careD.AproblemsharedbyeveryeconomicallydevelopedcountryE.TheimpactofrecentchangeF.TheviewsofthemedicalestablishmentG.TheendofanillusionH.Sustainableeconomicdevelopment问题2选项A.Theconnectionbetweenhealth-careandotherhumanrightsB.Thedevelopmentofmarket-basedhealthsystemsC.Theroleofthestateinhealth-careD.AproblemsharedbyeveryeconomicallydevelopedcountryE.TheimpactofrecentchangeF.TheviewsofthemedicalestablishmentG.TheendofanillusionH.Sustainableeconomicdevelopment问题3选项A.Theconnectionbetweenhealth-careandotherhumanrightsB.Thedevelopmentofmarket-basedhealthsystemsC.Theroleofthestateinhealth-careD.AproblemsharedbyeveryeconomicallydevelopedcountryE.TheimpactofrecentchangeF.TheviewsofthemedicalestablishmentG.TheendofanillusionH.Sustainableeconomicdevelopment问题4选项A.Theconnectionbetweenhealth-careandotherhumanrightsB.Thedevelopmentofmarket-basedhealthsystemsC.Theroleofthestateinhealth-careD.AproblemsharedbyeveryeconomicallydevelopedcountryE.TheimpactofrecentchangeF.TheviewsofthemedicalestablishmentG.TheendofanillusionH.Sustainableeconomicdevelopment问题5选项A.Theconnectionbetweenhealth-careandotherhumanrightsB.Thedevelopmentofmarket-basedhealthsystemsC.Theroleofthestateinhealth-careD.AproblemsharedbyeveryeconomicallydevelopedcountryE.TheimpactofrecentchangeF.TheviewsofthemedicalestablishmentG.TheendofanillusionH.Sustainableeconomicdevelopment3.单选题Inanunfinishedbuthighlysuggestiveseriesofessays,thelateSarahEisensteinhasfocusedattentionontheevolutionofworkingwomen’svaluesfromtheturnofthecenturytotheFirstWorldWar.Eisensteinarguesthatturn-of-the-centurywomenneitherwhollyacceptednorrejectedwhatshecallsthedominant“ideologyofdomesticity”,butrathertookthisandotheravailableideologies—feminism,socialism,tradeunionism—andmodifiedoradaptedtheminlightoftheirownexperiencesandneeds.Inthusmaintainingthatwages—workhelpedtoproduceanew“consciousness”amongwomen.Eisensteintosomeextentchallengestherecent,controversialproposalbyLeslieTentlerthatforwomentheworkexperienceonlyservedtoreinforcetheattractivenessofthedominantideology.AccordingtotheTentler,thedegradingconditionsunderwhichmanyfemalewageearnersworkedmadethemviewthefamilyasasourceofpowerandesteemavailablenowhereelseintheirsocialworld.Incontrast,Eisenstein’sstudyinsiststhatwage-workhadotherimplicationsforwomen’sidentitiesandconsciousness.Mostimportantly,herworkaimstodemonstratethatwage-workenabledwomentobecomeawareofthemselvesasadistinctsocialgroupcapableofdefiningtheircollectivecircumstance.Eisensteininsiststhatasagroupworking-classwomenwerenotabletocometocollectiveconsciousnessoftheirsituationuntiltheybeganenteringthelaborforce,becausedomesticworktendedtoisolatethemfromoneanother.Unfortunately,Eisenstein’sunfinishedstudydoesnotdeveloptheseideasinsufficientdepthordetail,offeringtantalizinghintsratherthananexhaustiveanalysis.WhateverEisenstein’soverallplanmayhavebeen,initscurrentformherstudysuffersfromthelimitednatureofthesourcesshedependedon.Sheusesthespeechesandwritingsofreformersandlabororganizers,whosheacknowledgeswerefarfromrepresentative,asthevoiceofthetypicalwomanworker.Andthereislessthanadequateattentiongiventothedifferingvaluesofimmigrantgroupsthatmadeupasignificantproportionofthepopulationunderinvestigation.Whileraisingimportantquestions,Eisenstein’sessaysdonotprovidedefinitiveanswer,anditremainsforotherstotakeupthechallengestheyoffer.1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（）.2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat,inEisenstein’sview,workingwomenattheturnofthecenturyhadwhichofthefollowingattitudestowardthedominantideologyoftheirtime?3.WhichofthefollowingwouldtheauthorofthepassagebemostlikelytoapproveasacontinuationofEisenstein’sstudy?问题1选项A.criticizeascholar’sassumptionsandmethodologyB.evaluateanapproachtowomen’sstudyC.comparetwosociologicaltheoriesD.defendanunpopularideology问题2选项A.Theyresentedthedominantideologyasdegrading.B.Theypreferredthedominantideologytootheravailableideologies.C.Theybelievedthatthedominantideologyisolatedthemfromoneanother.D.Theyacceptedsomebutnotallaspectsofthedominantideology.问题3选项A.Adocumentaryaccountoflabor’sroleintheintroductionofwomenintothelaborforce.B.Ananalysisoflettersanddiarieswrittenbytypicalfemalewageearnersattheturnofthecentury.C.Anassessmentofwhatdifferentsocialandpoliticalgroupsdefinedasthedominantideologyintheearlytwentiethcentury.D.Atheoreticalstudyofhowsocialismandfeminisminfluencedoneanotherattheturnofthecentury.4.单选题SectionAEveryhealthsysteminaneconomicallydevelopedsocietyisfacedwiththeneedtodecide(eitherformallyorinformally)whatproportionofthecommunity’stotalresourcesshouldbespentonhealth-care;howresourcesaretobeapportioned;whatdiseasesanddisabilitiesandwhichformsoftreatmentaretobegivenpriority;whichmembersofthecommunityaretobegivenspecialconsiderationinrespectoftheirhealthneeds;andwhichformsoftreatmentarethemostcost-effective.SectionBWhatisnewisthat,fromthe1950sonwards,therehavebeencertaingeneralchangesinoutlookaboutthefinitudeofresourcesasawholeandofhealth-careresourcesinparticular,aswellasmorespecificchangesregardingtheclienteleofhealth-careresourcesandthecosttothecommunityofthoseresources.Thus,inthe1950sand1960s,thereemergedanawarenessinWesternsocietiesthatresourcesfortheprovisionoffossilfuelenergywerefiniteandexhaustibleandthatthecapacityofnatureortheenvironmenttosustaineconomicdevelopmentandpopulationwasalsofinite.Inotherwords,webecameawareoftheobviousfactthattherewere“limitstogrowth”.Thenewconsciousnessthattherewerealsoseverelimitstohealth-careresourceswaspartofthisgeneralrevelationoftheobvious.Lookingback,itnowseemsquiteincrediblethatinthenationalhealthsystemsthatemergedinmanycountriesintheyearsimmediatelyafterthe1939-45WorldWar,itwasassumedwithoutquestionthatallthebasichealthneedsofanycommunitycouldbesatisfied,atleastinprinciple;the“invisiblehand”ofeconomicprogresswouldprovide.SectionCHowever,atexactlythesametimeasthisnewrealizationofthefinitecharacterofhealth-careresourceswassinkingin,anawarenessofacontrarykindwasdevelopinginWesternsocieties:thatpeoplehaveabasicrighttohealth-careasanecessaryconditionofaproperhumanlife.Likeeducation,politicalandlegalprocessesandinstitutions,publicorder,communication,transportandmoneysupply,health-carecametobeseenasoneofthefundamentalsocialfacilitiesnecessaryforpeopletoexercisetheirotherrightsasautonomoushumanbeings.Peoplearenotinapositiontoexercisepersonallibertyandtobeself-determiningiftheyarepoverty-stricken,ordeprivedofbasiceducation,ordonotlivewithinacontextoflawandorder.Inthesameway,basichealth-careisaconditionoftheexerciseofautonomy.SectionDAlthoughthelanguageof“rights”sometimesleadstoconfusion,bythelate1970sitwasrecognizedinmostsocietiesthatpeoplehavearighttohealth-care(thoughtherehasbeenconsiderableresistanceintheUnitedStatestotheideathatthereisaformalrighttohealth-care).Itisalsoacceptedthatthisrightgeneratesanobligationordutyforthestatetoensurethatadequatehealthcareresourcesareprovidedoutofthepublicpurse.Thestatehasnoobligationtoprovideahealth-caresystemitself,buttoensurethatsuchasystemisprovided.Putanotherway,basichealth-careisnowrecognizedasa“publicgood”,ratherthana“privategood”thatoneisexpectedtobuyforoneself.Asthe1976declarationoftheWorldHealthOrganizationputit:“Theenjoymentofthehighestattainablestandardofhealthisoneofthefundamentalrightsofeveryhumanbeingwithoutdistinctionofrace,religion,politicalbelief,economicorsocialcondition.”Ashasjustbeenremarked,inaliberalsocietybasichealthisseenasoneoftheindispensableconditionsfortheexerciseofpersonalautonomy.SectionEJustatthetimewhenitbecameobviousthathealth-careresourcescouldnotpossiblymeetthedemandsbeingmadeuponthem,peopleweredemandingthattheirfundamentalrighttohealth-carebesatisfiedbythestate.Thesecondsetofmorespecificchangesthathaveledtothepresentconcernaboutthedistributionofhealth-careresourcesstemsfromthedramaticriseinhealthcostsinmostOECDcountries,accompaniedbylarge-scaledemographicandsocialchangeswhichhavemeant,totakeoneexample,thatelderlypeoplearenowmajor(andrelativelyveryexpensive)consumersofhealth-careresources.ThusinOECDcountriesasawhole,healthcostsincreasedfrom3.8%ofGDPin1960to7%ofGDPin1980,andithasbeenpredictedthattheproportionofhealthcoststoGDPwillcontinuetoincrease.(IntheUSthecurrentfigureisabout12%ofGDP,andinAustraliaabout7.8%ofGDP.)Asaconsequence,duringthe1980sakindofdoomsdayscenario(analogoustosimilardoomsdayextrapolationsaboutenergyneedsandfossilfuelsoraboutpopulationincreases)wasprojectedbyhealthadministrator,economistsandpoliticians.Inthisscenario,ever-risinghealthcostswerematchedagainststaticordecliningresources.1.therealizationthattheresourcesofthenationalhealthsystemswerelimited2.asharpriseinthecostofhealth-care3.abeliefthatallthehealth-careresourcesthecommunityneededwouldbeproducedbyeconomicgrowth4.anacceptanceoftheroleofthestateinguaranteeingtheprovisionofhealth-care问题1选项A.between1945and1950B.between1950and1980C.after1980问题2选项A.between1945and1950B.between1950and1980C.after1980问题3选项A.between1945and1950B.between1950and1980C.after1980问题4选项A.between1945and1950B.between1950and1980C.after19805.单选题Persistentbullyingisoneoftheworstexperiencesachildcanface.Howcanitbeprevented?PeterSmith,ProfessorofPsychologyattheUniversityofSheffield,directedtheSheffieldAnti-BullyingInterventionProject,fundedbytheDepartmentforEducation.Herethereportsonhisfindings.SectionABullyingcantakeavarietyofforms,fromtheverbal—beingtauntedorcalledhurtfulnames—tothephysical—beingkickedorshoved—aswellasindirectforms,suchasbeingexcludedfromsocialgroups.AsurveyIconductedwithIreneWhitneyfoundthatinBritishprimaryschoolsuptoaquarterofpupilsreportedexperienceofbullying,whichinaboutoneintencaseswaspersistent.Therewaslessbullyinginsecondaryschools,withaboutoneintwenty-fivesufferingpersistentbullying,butthesecasesmaybeparticularlyrecalcitrant.SectionBBullyingisclearlyunpleasant,andcanmakethechildexperiencingitfeelunworthyanddepressed.Inextremecasesitcanevenleadtosuicide,thoughthisisthankfullyrare.Victimizedpupilsaremorelikelytoexperiencedifficultieswithinterpersonalrelationshipsasadults,whilechildrenwhopersistentlybullyaremorelikelytogrowuptobephysicallyviolent,andconvictedofanti-socialoffences.SectionCUntilrecently,notmuchwasknownaboutthetopic,andlittlehelpwasavailabletoteacherstodealwithbullying.Perhapsasaconsequence,schoolswouldoftendenytheproblem.“Thereisnobullyingatthisschool”hasbeenacommonrefrain,almostcertainlyuntrue.Fortunatelymoreschoolsarenowsaying:“Thereisnotmuchbullyinghere,butwhenitoccurswehaveaclearpolicyfordealingwithit.”SectionDThreefactorsareinvolvedinthischange.Firstisanawarenessoftheseverityoftheproblem.Second,anumberofresourcestohelptacklebullyinghavebecomeavailableinBritain.Forexample,theScottishCouncilforResearchinEducationproducedapackageofmaterials,ActionAgainstBullying,circulatedtoallschoolsinEnglandandWalesaswellasinScotlandinsummer1992,withasecondpack,SupportingSchoolsAgainstBullying,producedthefollowingyear.InIreland,GuidelinesonCounteringBullyingBehaviourinPost-PrimarySchoolswaspublishedin1993.Third,thereisevidencethatthesematerialswork,andthatschoolscanachievesomething.Thiscomesfromcarefullyconducted“beforeandafter”evaluationsofinterventionsinschools,monitoredbyaresearchteam.InNorway,afteraninterventioncampaignwasintroducednationally,anevaluationofforty-twoschoolssuggestedthat,overatwoyearperiod,bullyingwashalved.TheSheffieldinvestigation,whichinvolvedsixteenprimaryschoolsandsevensecondaryschools,foundthatmostschoolssucceededinreducingbullying.SectionEEvidencesuggeststhatakeystepistodevelopapolicyonbullying,sayingclearlywhatismeantbybullying,andgivingexplicitguidelinesonwhatwillbedoneifitoccurs,whatrecordswillbekept,whowillbeinformed,whatsanctionswillbeemployed.Thepolicyshouldbedevelopedthroughconsultation,overaperiodoftime—notjustimposedfromtheheadteacher’soffice!Pupils,parentsandstaffshouldfeeltheyhavebeeninvolvedinthepolicy,whichneedstobedisseminatedandimplementedeffectively.Otheractionscanbetakentobackupthepolicy.Therearewaysofdealingwiththetopicthroughthecurriculum,usingvideo,dramaandliterature.Theseareusefulforraisingawareness,andcanbestbetiedintoearlyphasesofdevelopment,whiletheschoolisstartingtodiscusstheissueofbullying.Theyarealsousefulinrenewingthepolicyfornewpupils,orrevisingitinthelightofexperience.Butcurriculumworkalonemayonlyhaveshorttermeffects;itshouldbeanadditiontopolicywork,notasubstitute.Therearealsowaysofworkingwithindividualpupils,orinsmallgroups.Assertivenesstrainingforpupilswhoareliabletobevictimsisworthwhile,andcertainapproachestogroupbullyingsuchas“noblame”,canbeusefulinchangingthebehaviourofbullyingpupilswithoutconfrontingthemdirectly,althoughothersanctionsmaybeneededforthosewhocontinuewithpersistentbullying.Workintheplaygroundisimportant,too.Onehelpfulstepistotrainlunchtimesupervisorstodistinguishbullyingfromplayfulfighting,andhelpthembreakupconflicts.Anotherpossibilityistoimprovetheplaygroundenvironment,sothatpupilsarelesslikelytobeledintobullyingfromboredomorfrustration.SectionFWiththesedevelopments,schoolscanexpectthatatleastthemostseriouskindsofbullyingcanlargelybeprevented.Themoreeffortputinandthewiderthewholeschoolinvolvement,themoresubstantialtheresultsarelikelytobe.Thereductioninbullying—andtheconsequentimprovementinpupilhappiness—issurelyaworthwhileobjective.1.ArecentsurveyfoundthatinBritishsecondaryschools（）.2.Childrenwhoarebullied（）.3.Thewriterthinksthatthedeclaration“Thereisnobullyingatthisschool”（）.4.WhatwerethefindingsofresearchcarriedoutinNorway?问题1选项A.therewasmorebullyingthanhadpreviouslybeenthecaseB.therewaslessbullyingthaninprimaryschoolsC.casesofpersistentbullyingwereverycommonD.indirectformsofbullyingwereparticularlydifficulttodealwith问题2选项A.aretwiceaslikelytocommitsuicideastheaveragepersonB.finditmoredifficulttorelatetoadultsC.arelesslikelytobeviolentinlaterlifeD.mayhavedifficultyformingrelationshipsinlaterlife问题3选项A.isnolongertrueinmanyschoolsB.wasnotinfactmadebymanyschoolsC.reflectedtheschool’slackofconcernD.reflectedalackofknowledgeandresources问题4选项A.Bullyingdeclinedby50%afterananti-bullyingcampaign.B.Twenty-oneschoolsreducedbullyingasaresultofananti-bullyingcampaign.C.Twoyearsistheoptimumlengthforananti-bullyingcampaign.D.BullyingisalessseriousprobleminNorwaythanintheUK.6.填空题deed

continue

keep

consistentevade

greet

barrier

whencollaborative

share

earn

beliefpartourselves

butInmanyways,trustisthegluethatholdsustogether,inturnmakingourinteractionsworkmoresmoothly.WebuyandsellthingstootherpeopleviaeBayandthetransactionisbasedontrust.Wegetintootherpeople’scarswithaservicelikeUberorletstrangersstayinourhomeswithAirbnb,andthatrequirestakingabigleapoffaith.Weprovideverypersonaldataabout（1）tocompanieslikeFitbitorAppleandtrustthattheywill（2）thedatasafeandsecure.Weworkin（3）teamsinourofficesandtrustthatourcolleagueswillpulltheirweightanddogoodwork.Almosteverytimeweinteractwithoneanotheritcomeswithacertainamountof（4）thatthepeopleorbusinesseswedealwitharetrustworthy.Buttrustis（5）throughhardworkandactions,notsimplygoodintentions.Demonstratingtrustworthinesshastobe（6）oftheveryDNAofacompany.Itmustbeprovennotonlybywordbutalsoby（7）,fromtheboardroomandexecutiveteamthroughtotheshopfront,thefactoryfloor,andthepersonwho（8）staffandclientsastheywalkthroughthedoors.Oneofthebiggest（9）tobuildingtrustissecrecyordissembling.Nodoubt,somethingsmustbekeptconfidentialinbusiness（10）therearewaysacompanycanbeclearaboutitspracticeswithoutrevealingconfidentialinformation.Ifyouwantpeopletotrustyouoryourcompany,youmustbewillingto（11）atleastsomeoftheinformationthatfeedsintothedecisionsyouaremaking.Transparencyisparticularlyimportant（12）thereisaneedtorebuildtrust.Forexample,thebankingsectorhasrecentlymadebigstatementsaboutimpendingreform,buttheirconduct（13）toruncountertothemanypromisesthatweremade.Mostrecentlywe’veseenthebankhittingtheheadlinesforallegedlyaidingitsclientsto（14）payingtax.Thispatternofbehaviorcontinuestoerodetrust,andrebuildingitbecomesmoredifficultovertime.Peopleneedtoseerealand（15）actionandknowthatthepeoplewhoareresponsibleformaleficenceandoversightareactuallyheldtoaccountandthatbusinesspracticesactuallychangeasaresult.Eventhen,itwilltaketimeandconcertedefforttorebuildthetrustlostbyrecklessactioninthepast.7.填空题Scientistshavediscoveredthataddictionsmaybe（1）.AteamfromBritain’sUniversityofCambridgefoundthat（2）ofdrugaddictssharethesamebrainabnormalitiesastheirdrug（3）brothersandsisters.Theresearchteamsaidtheseabnormalbrainstructuresarelinkedto（4）self-controlanddrugdependence.Theresearcherssuggestthataddictionisinsomewaysa“（5）ofthebrain”.Thismayprovideimportantnewwaysintohelpingpeoplewithproblemsofself-controlwhenit（6）toaddictions.Thestudysoughttofindoutifdrugschangedthe“（7）”ofthebrainorwhetherthebrainsofdrugaddictswerewireddifferentlyfrom（8）.LeadresearcherDrKarenErschetoldtheBBC:“Ithas（9）beenknownthatnoteveryonewho（10）drugsbecomesaddicted.”Shecontinued:“Itshowsthatdrugaddictionisnota（11）oflifestyle,itisadisorderofthebrainandw