2023年山东省临沂市高考英语二模试卷-普通用卷

第=page11页，共=sectionpages11页2023年山东省临沂市高考英语二模试卷一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）AHereisashortenedlistofbooksplannedbyTIMEandTIMEforKidsthataresuitableforelementaryschoolers.Tomakethelist，weaskedforsubmissionsfromclimateandeducationexperts.Wethenconsideredhowage-appropriatethematerialwas，andwhetherthetoneandstorylineleftthereaderfeelingengagedandempowered-ratherthananxiousoroverwhelmed.

WEAREWATERPROTECTORS

ByCaroleLindstrom；illustratedbyMichaelaGoade

Atribute（致敬）tonativetribesthatareprotectingtheplanet，thisbookmetaphoricallyshowstheharmsofoilpipelines.Kidswillseethevalueofcommunityaction，whileadultswillrecognizethestoryoftheStandingRockSioux'sfightagainsttheDakotaAccessPipeline.

THEBOYWHOHARNESSEDTHEWIND

ByWilliamKamkwambaandBryanMealer；illustratedbyElizabethZunon

Thepicture-bookeditionofthismemoirrecountstheauthor'steenageexperiencebuildingawindmillfromscrapmaterialsduringanextremedrought-aninspiringtaleforfutureclean-energyengineers.

THELORAX

ByDr.Seuss

Thankstoitsrhymeandfancifulillustrations，thisclassictaleissuitableforyoungchildrenwhocangraspthescarcityofnaturalresources，andalsoolderkidswhocanseeadangerinvaluingprofitsoverlong-termenvironmentalharm.

CLIMATECHANGE，THECHOICEISOURS

ByDavidMiles；illustratedbyAlbertPinilla

Everyleftpagedefinesaclimate-changeissuewhileeveryrightpagefeaturesaspinwheel，givingkidsthe"choice"ofhowwecaneitheraddresstheproblemorworsenit.1.Whosebookwillyoupreferifyouwanttobeawindenergyengineer？______A.BryanMealer. B.DavidMiles.

C.MichaelaGoade. D.Dr.Seuss.2.Whichbookguidesreaderstomakeoptionsaboutenviornmentprotection？______A.THELORAX. B.WEAREWATERPROTECTORS.

C.THEBOYWHOHARNESSEDTHEWIN D.D.CLIMATECHANG

E.THECHOICEISOURS. 3.Whatdothefourbookshaveincommon？______A.Theyareintendedforkidsinthekindergarten.

B.Theplotsaremysteriousandgetthereadersinvolved.

C.Theirmaterialsareeditedbyclimateandeducationexperts.

D.Theyareaboutenvironmentprotectionandhavepicturesattached.BOnatramsmoothlypullingintotheheartofLuxembourgCity，Marckgivesasmileandtakesalookatthefabricoftheseatnexttohim.Forhim，thecity'stramsaremorethanjusttransport.Moreeventhanthefocusofhisjob.Theyareabouttransforminghiscountryand，perhaps，changingtheworld.

MarckisthedirectorgeneralofLuxtram，Luxembourg'smoderntrams.Itfirststartedrunningservicestwoyearsago.Nextyear，Luxembourgwillbecometheworld'sonlycountrytogetridoffaresonallitsformsofpublictransport.Luxembourg'strafficproblemscomefromitsarmyofworkers.Thepopulationofthecapitalcityalmostdoublesduringtheworkingday，whenmorethan110，000peopletravelinandout.

Afterthreedecadeswhenitsroadshavebecomesocrowded，Luxembourgisgoingtodosomethingremarkable.Freefares，andaplantopersuadepeopletoswitchfromcarstotramsortrains.Marck，alongwithmanyothers，isexcitedtoseewhathappensnext."Thefactthatthisisfreemeansthateveryonecanuseit—youngorold，richorpoor，"hesaid."Everyonecansaytothemselvesit'sbettertoleavethecarathome.Wemustcontinuetoimproveandextendthenetwork.Itmustalwaysbecomfortable，well-connected，efficient."

LydiePolfer，thecity'smayor，saysshehopestoreachthepointwheremorethanathirdofpeoplecomeintothecityusingpublictransport—atthemoment，it'slessthanoneinfive.Shesaid，"It'snotpracticaltobancarsbecausesomepeople，liketheelderly，needthem.Buteveryonehastobeawarethatheorshecandosomethingtoimprovethesituation.ThereisanexpressioninGerman—youarenotinthetrafficjam—youarethetrafficjam，andthatistrue.Ithinkthatmakingitfreewillbethebiggestargumentsforpeopletousepublictransport."4.WhydoesMarckthinkthecity'stramsaremorethanjusttransport？______A.Thetramsarehisgoalthathestrivesfor.

B.Therearemoremeansoftransportationthantrams.

C.City'stramsbringmorechangesbeyondtransport.

D.ThetramsaretheheartofLuxembourgCitytransportsystem.5.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout？______A.Thecauseofthetrafficproblems.

B.Themeansofpublictransport.

C.Thedevelopmentofrunningservices.

D.Theincreaseofworkingpopulation.6.Whatconcernspeoplemostwhenusingthepublictransport？______A.Theconvenience. B.Thefare.

C.Thecomfort. D.Theefficiency.7.WhatcanbeinferredfromwhatLydiePolfersaid？​______A.Theelderlyneedn'tusepublictransport.

B.It'spossibletopersuademostpeopletousethetrams.

C.Everyonecandohisparttoimprovetransportsituation.

D.Thosewhodon'ttakepublictransportcausetrafficjams.CHaveyoueverwishedyoucouldbebetterorganisedormoresociable？Perhapsyou'reaconstantworrier，andyou'dprefertobealittlemorecarefree？

Manysurveysshowthatatleasttwo-thirdsofpeoplewouldliketochangesomeelementsoftheirpersonality.Inthepast，suchdesiresappearedtobeunachievable.Liketheproverbialleopardthatcouldneverchangeitsspots，ourvirtuesandflawswerebelievedtobewovenintothefabricofourminds.

Recentscientificresearch，however，provesthisexpectationofpersonality'spermanencewrong.Withtherightpsychologicalstrategiesandenougheffort，manypeoplecansuccessfullyshapetheircorepersonalitiesintowhattheydesire.

Ourgenesalmostcertainlyplayarole：it'swhypeople'spersonalitiesoftenreflecttheirbiologicalparents'ones.Theinfluenceofoursocialenvironmentwasthoughttoendinearlyadulthood，asthebrainreachedmaturity.Ifthisweretrue，itwouldn'tbepossibletoshiftpersonalityatwill.YetthatisexactlywhatpsychologyprofessorNathanHudsonandhiscolleagueshaveshownwithaseriesofgroundbreakingstudies.

Theinterventionsintheirstudiestypicallyinvolvearrangingregularactivitiesthatreflectthepersonalitiespeoplewishtoadopt.Aquietpersonwhowishedtobemoreoutgoing，forexample，mighthavethegoalofintroducingthemselvestoastrangeronceaweek，ormakingsmalltalkwiththecashierattheirlocalsupermarket.

Theaimisforthethinkingpatternsandbehaviourstheygeneratetobecomehabitual.Inthefirsttrial，providedparticipantsactuallycompletedthosearrangedtasks，theirpersonalitiesshiftedinthedesireddirection.Similarlyexcitingresultscouldbeseeninalatertrial.Thedifferencesofparticipants'personalitiesbeforeandaftertheinterventionwerestillapparentthreemonthsaftertheexperimenthadended.AsAristotlearguedmorethan2，300yearsago，webecomewhatwerepeatedlydo.

Theunexpectedplasticityofourmindsshouldbegoodnewsforanyonewhowishestheywereabitmoresociable，organised，orhappy-go-lucky.Anotherpotentialbenefitisthatawarenessofthisresearchcouldhelpimprovementalhealth.8.Whyis"leopard"mentionedinparagraph2？______A.Toexplainthatourmindsconsistofvirtuesandflaws.

B.Toshowthesimilaritybetweenleopardsandhumanbeings.

C.Toproveapossibilitythatpeoplecanchangetheirpersonality.

D.Todemonstratethepreviousbeliefthatpersonalitiesremainfixed.9.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthe"interventions"？______A.Thetwotrialsreacheddifferentconclusions.

B.Activitiesaretailoredtospecificpersonalities.

C.Thepurposeistobetterpeople'spersonalities.

D.People'spersonalitiescanbechangedbutcan'tlast.10.WhathasNathanHudson'steamshownthroughtheirstudies？______A.Thepreviousexpectationofpersonality'spermanencewasconfirmed.

B.Theinfluenceofoursocialenvironmentendswhenthebrainmatures.

C.Thedesiretochangesomeelementsofourpersonalitycanbeachieved.

D.Ourgenesplayagreaterroleinourpersonalitythansocialenvironment.11.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext？______A.WeAreWhatWeDo

B.HabitsMakeThingsEasier

C.YourPersonalityIsNotSetInStone

D.ALeopardNeverChangesItsSpotsDYoumayhavewonderedhowlavenderisusedforsocialanxiety.Butfirst，justwhatislavender？Lavender，alsoknownasEnglishorgardenlavender，isaherbnativetotheMediterraneanregion.Historically，lavenderwasusedtomummifybodiesinEgypt，inbathsinGreeceandRome，andforcuringthebrokenskinandmentalhealthpurposes.Today，lavenderisusedasatraditionalorcomplementaryremedyforrelaxation，toreduceanxiety，anddepression，aswellasfordiseasessuchasstomachupsetandheadaches.

Noscientificstudieshavespecificallyexaminedthebenefitsoflavenderuseforsocialanxietydisorder.Ina2000study，CookandErnstreportedthatingeneral，aromatherapy（芳香疗法）ishelpfulinreducinganxietyandstressintheshort-term.A2012studyalsoshowedsomeevidenceoftheusefulnessoflavendertakenforanxiety.Moreresearchisneededtosupporttheuseoflavenderforthetreatmentofsocialanxietydisorder.

Lavenderisusuallyusedintheformofanessentialoilaspartofaromatherapy.Thescentisinhaled，ortheoilisappliedtotheskin，whichwillbenefittheanxiouspeoplequickly.Driedlavendercanalsobeusedtomakeateaorliquidextract.Lavendermayalsobetakeninpillform.Lavenderteacanbemadebyusing1to2teaspoonsofdriedleavesfor15minutesinacupofboilingwater.Inliquidextractform，nomorethan60dropsoflavendershouldbetakeninaday.Beforetakinglavenderinliquidform，youshouldreadtheproductlabelanddiscussthedosewithaqualifiedhealthcareprovider.

Thereisnotenoughscientificevidencetosafelyrecommendlavenderforchildrenyoungerthan18years.Lavendertakenbymouthhasthepotentialtoincreasetheriskofbleeding.Ifyousufferfromableedingdisorderoraretakingmedicinethatmayincreasebleeding，usecautionwhentakinglavender.12.Whatcanweknowaboutlavenderfromparagraphl？______A.Itcanhelpdealwithmentalhealthproblems.

B.ItwasusedtopreservedeadbodiesinGreece.

C.Itwasusedtocurestomachupsetandheadaches.

D.ItisaherbintroducedintotheMediterraneanregion.13.Whatisthemainideaofparagraph2？______A.Thetreatmentforsocialanxietydisorder.

B.Thehistoryofaromatherapyreducingstress.

C.Thebenefitsoflavenderusedformentaldisorder.

D.Theresearchesontheuseoflavenderforsocialanxiety.14.Howisparagraph3developed？______A.Bycollectingdata. B.Bymakingalist.

C.Byintroducingconcepts. D.Bymakingcomparisons.15.Whatcanwelearnabouttakinglavenderfromthetext？______A.Itmayworsenthebleeding.

B.It'sprovedtobeunsafeforkidsof14.

C.Lavenderinpillformfunctionsbetterthanthatinliquid.

D.Adoseshouldbedecidedaccordingtotheproductlabel.二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）Beinglateisatendencythatsomepeoplecannotseemtoshake.Manyfactorscontributetocontinuallateness，includingtimeperception，timemanagementandpersonality.

Weallknowsomeonewhoneverseemstobeontime，whetherit'stoalunchdateoraworkmeeting.（1）______

"Itislikelythatthere'samechanisminthebrainthatcausessomepeopletobelateformeetingsbecausetheyunderestimatethetimeitwilltakethemtogetthere，"HugoSpiers，aprofessoratUniversityCollegeLondontoldLiveScience.（2）______Researchsuggeststhatneuronsinthehippocampus（海马体）actingas"timecells"contributetoourperceptionandmemoryofevents，butwhyexactlysomepeoplecontinuallyunderestimatetimeisunclear.

Onefactormaybehowfamiliarwearewithaspace.Forthe2017study，Spiersasked20studentswhohadnewlymovedtoLondontosketchamapoftheircollegedistrictandestimatetraveltimestodifferentdestinations.Thestudents'spaceestimatesexpandediftheyknewanareawell.（3）______"Ifyou'reveryfamiliarwithaspace，youstarttodiscountthetroubleitwilltake，"Spierssaid.

Anotherenvironmentalfactormaybecrowdedness.Ina2022studyinthejournalVirtualReality，researchersaskedparticipantstoestimatethelengthofmoreorlesscrowdedsimulated（模拟的）subwaytrips.Theyfoundthatcrowdedcommutesfeltliketheytook10%longerthanlessbusyrides.（4）______

（5）______Certaincharacterfeatures，suchasreducedconscientiousness（责任心），cancausesomepeopletoforgettasksthattheyhadplannedaheadoftime.

A.Personalityalsoplaysaroleinrunninglate.

B.Thatwaslinkedtoitbeinganunpleasantexperience.

C.Wemaketimeestimatesbasedonhowurgentthetasksare.

D.However，theirestimatesoftraveltimecontractedwithfamiliarity.

E.Butisthereagoodexplanationforwhysomepeoplearealwayslate？

F.Aregionofthebrain，calledhippocampus，processessomeaspectsoftime.

G.That'sbecausepeoplewhorunlatetellthemselvesandotherstheycanbepunctual.16.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G17.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G18.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G19.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G20.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共22.5分）Itisn'teverydaythatthefutureandthepastmeetonnationaltelevision.

PeterDavies，a100-year-oldWorldWarIIveteranfromMacclesfield，Englandstruggledtofind（1）______inhislifeafterhiswifepassedaway.（2）______，whenhisdaughtersuggestedheofferhishelpatthelocalelementaryschool，hedecidedto（3）______it.

Peter（4）______atDeanValleyPrimarySchool，Bollington，andheisahugehitwithallofthechildrenhetutors.Hemakesreadingintoafungame，andhisnew（5）______asagrandfatherlyfiguremakeshimfeelmore（6）______tohiscommunitythaneverbefore."Thekidsare（7）______；theyarelikesponges（海绵）"saidPeter."I'msureIgetmoreoutofitthanthe（8）______do.I'mnotthisoldmanwholivesonhisown.I'mpartofthe（9）______，whichisgreat.Plusmystreet（10）______isextremelygoodbecauseI'llbegoing（11）______inthevillageandachildwillshoutout'HelloMr.Davies，'andIfeel（12）______."In2023，PeterreceivedaBritishEmpireMedal（BEM）fromKingCharlesIII!

Now，（13）______beingjustfamouslocally，Peterisanationalcelebrity.Herecently（14）______ontelevisionwiththeyoungestrecipientoftheBEM，18-year-oldauthorandenvironmentalistDaraMcAnulty.

"Heisthe（15）______，Iamthepast，"PetersaidofDara.21.

A.meaning B.wisdom C.standard D.courage22.

A.Meanwhile B.Nevertheless C.Therefore D.Moreover23.

A.prove B.explore C.manage D.attempt24.

A.works B.volunteers C.registers D.engages25.

A.reputation B.status C.post D.state26.

A.connected B.restricted C.equal D.inferior27.

A.flexible B.naughty C.patient D.great28.

A.heroes B.humans C.children D.adults29.

A.society B.population C.community D.nation30.

A.reaction B.effort C.devotion D.credit31.

A.anywhere B.nowhere C.somewhere D.elsewhere32.

A.grateful B.honored C.ambitious D.surprised33.

A.inadditionto B.insteadof C.dueto D.inspiteof34.

A.appeared B.performed C.advertised D.shared35.

A.prospect B.trend C.present D.future四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）36.TheChiefExecutiveOfficerofBeijingAiqiTechnologyYangZhanghasrevivedtheChineseculturalpracticeofusingthemortiseandtenon（榫卯）techniqueforconstructionwhichisontheedgeofextinction.

Heusedtheancientmortiseandtenontechnique（1）______（construct）theTurretofPalaceMuseumata1：81miniscale.Thechoiceof"TurretofPalaceMuseum"asthethemefortheminibuildingblockproject（2）______（base）onseveralfactors.

（3）______（locate）intheForbiddenCityofBeijing，thisarchitecturaltreasureboaststhemostdelicatedesignandelegantshapeamongChineseroyalbuildings.Itwashistoricallyresponsible（4）______protectingthepalace.Thecomplexlayoutoftheturretposed（5）______unprecedented（史无前例的）technicalchallengeforZhangandhisteamofdesignersanddevelopers.Unlikeconventionalbuildingblock（6）______（toy），Zhangaimedtocreateamodelmade（7）______（entire）ofauthenticmortiseandtenoncomponents.Theentireprocessofdesigntooknearlyfiveyears，withhundredsofdesigniterationsandcontinuousadjustments.

Themortiseandtenontechnique，（8）______istheprimaryconstructionmethodusedinancientChinesearchitectureandrepresentsthecoreof（9）______（tradition）Chinesewoodworking，isgainingincreasing（10）______（recognize）amongthepublic.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)五、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共50.0分）37.你的留学生朋友Paul要参加"中国古诗词朗读大赛"，请你给他推荐一首古诗，用唐朝诗人王之涣的《登鹳雀楼》或其他你喜欢的古诗进行推荐。

要点如下：

（1）诗歌名称及作者；

（2）推荐理由：写作手法及内涵等。

附：登鹳雀楼OntheStorkTower

王之涣WangZhihuan

白日依山尽，Thesunbeyondthemountainglows；

黄河入海流。TheYellowRiverseawardsflows.

欲穷千里目，Youcanenjoyagrandersight；

更上一层楼。Byclimbingtoagreaterheight.

（许渊冲译）

注意：

（1）词数应为80左右；

（2）请按如下格式在相应位置作答。

DearPaul，

Delightedtoknowyouwillparticipateinthecontest，I'dliketorecommend

Yours，LiHua38.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写一段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

Theautomobileindustryisspendingbillionsonself-drivingcars，justsowecansitinthebackseatlikesomehigh-poweredcorporateexecutive.Butwhatifwequitelikedriving？

Onholidayafewyearsago，Ispenthoursbeingtransportedontrains，busesandplanes.Then，finally，camethesectionoftheholidayduringwhichIhiredasetofwheels.

Afterdecadesofmarriage，itwasnotoftenthatyoureceivedrealpraisefromyourpartner，butonthehighwaysofCretecomplimentscamewitheverysuccessfulaction."Oh，welldone!"saidJocasta，hervoicefullofadmiration，asInavigatedaroundaboutwithoutkillingusboth.

Intotheroundabout（环岛）Iwent，slowingdownasweentered，thenspeedingupaswereturnedtothestraight.Really，itwaslikedrivinginaFlrace.

Weturnedright，thenrightagain，followingtheGPSnavigationsystem，andfoundourselvesinasmallCretantown.IspokestrictlytotheGPS："Wedon'twanttobehere；wewantthehighway."

Itinstructedmetoturnrightoncemore.Witheveryturnthestreetnarrowed.Itwaslikebeinginamagicalshrinkingroom.

Weretracted（缩回）thesidemirrors.Wetookanotherturn.Thenewroadwasevennarrower，thewallssocloseyoufeltcompelledtoholdyourbreath.

Anothercarappearedcomingtowardsusfromtheoppositedirection.Thedrivergestured，tellingmeIwouldhavetomakeway.Buthow？Ididn'thavethenervetobackupalongtheimpossiblynarrowroad.

Therewasanarrowgarageopeningtooneside，asmallsidestreettotheother.IfIcouldsqueezethecarforwardintothegarage，Icouldthenbackintothesidestreet，allowingtheothercartopass.

Localsarrived，standingonvarioussidesofthevehicle，helpfullyindicatingthatIhadacentimetretosparehereamillimetrethere.Therewerebrickwallsonbothsidesofthecar.TherewaszerochancethatIwouldn'tdamagethevehicle.

注意：

（1）续写词数应为150左右；

（2）请按如下格式在相应位置作答。

Alocalstoodatthebackofthevehicle，wavingmeon.

Theothercarpassed.

答案和解析1~3.【答案】A、D、D【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据THEBOYWHOHARNESSEDTHEWIND部分中ByWilliamKamkwambaandBryanMealer；illustratedbyElizabethZunon（WilliamKamkwamba和BryanMealer著；ElizabethZunon绘制）以及Thepicture-bookeditionofthismemoirrecountstheauthor'steenageexperiencebuildingawindmillfromscrapmaterialsduringanextremedrought-aninspiringtaleforfutureclean-energyengineers.（这本回忆录的图画书版本讲述了作者十几岁时在极端干旱期间用废料建造风车的经历——这对未来的清洁能源工程师来说是一个鼓舞人心的故事）可知，如果你想成为一名风能工程师，你会更喜欢BryanMealer的书。故选A。

（2）细节理解题。根据CLIMATE

CHANGE，THE

CHOICE

IS

OURS部分中Every

left

page

defines

a

climate-change

issue

while

every

right

page

features

a

spin

wheel，giving

kids

the

"choice"

of

how

we

can

either

address

the

problem

or

worsen

it.（每一页左边都定义了一个气候变化问题，而每一页右边都有一个转轮，让孩子们"选择"我们是解决问题还是恶化问题）可知，CLIMATE

CHANGE，THE

CHOICE

IS

OURS引导读者对环境保护做出选择。故选D。

（3）推理判断题。根据第一段To

make

the

list，we

asked

for

submissions

from

climate

and

education

experts.（为了制作这份榜单，我们征求了气候和教育专家的意见）；第一部分illustrated

by

Michaela

Goade（Michaela

Goade插图）；第二部分illustrated

by

Elizabeth

Zunon（插图Elizabeth

Zunon）；第三部分Thanks

to

its

rhyme

and

fanciful

illustrations，this

classic

tale

is

suitable

for

young

children

who

can

grasp

the

scarcity

of

natural

resources，and

also

older

kids

who

can

see

a

danger

in

valuing

profits

over

long-term

environmental

harm.（由于它的韵律和奇特的插图，这个经典的故事适合年幼的孩子，他们可以理解自然资源的稀缺性，也适合大一点的孩子，他们可以看到利润比长期环境危害更重要的危险）以及第四部分illustrated

by

Albert

Pinilla（Albert

Pinilla插图）可知，这四本书的共同点是它们是关于环境保护的，并附有图片。A．They

are

intended

for

kids

in

the

kindergarten.它们是为幼儿园的孩子们准备的；B．The

plots

are

mysterious

and

get

the

readers

involved.情节神秘，让读者参与其中；C．Their

materials

are

edited

by

climate

and

education

experts.他们的材料由气候和教育专家编辑；D．They

are

about

environment

protection

and

have

pictures

attached.它们是关于环境保护的，并附有图片。故选D。

这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍四本书籍的情况。

一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。

阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。

二、看题干，带着问题读文章。

首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。

三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。

在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。

四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。

猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。

我们在做完形填空时，首先需要快速的浏览全文，把握文章的主旨大意；其次要学会带着问题到文中相应的地方，通过细节阅读来寻找或概括答案；最后理清作者的写作思路也非常重要；做此类题时，要多注意一些形容词或动词的搭配，在平时多积累一些固定搭配。

4~7.【答案】C、A、B、C【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段They

are

about

transforming

his

country

and，perhaps，changing

the

world.（它们是关于改变他的国家，也许是改变世界）可知马克认为城市的电车不仅仅是交通工具，因为城市的电车带来了交通之外的更多变化。故选C。

（2）段落大意题。根据第二段Luxembourg's

traffic

problems

come

from

its

army

of

workers.The

population

of

the

capital

city

almost

doubles

during

the

working

day，when

more

than

110，000

people

travel

in

and

out.（

卢森堡的交通问题来自于它的工人大军。首都的人口在工作日几乎翻倍，每天有超过11万人进出）可知，第二段主要讲了交通问题的原因。A．The

cause

of

the

traffic

problems.交通问题的原因；B．The

means

of

public

transport.公共交通工具；C．The

development

of

running

services.跑步服务的发展；D．The

increase

of

working

population.劳动人口的增加。故选A。

（3）细节理解题。根据最后一段的I

think

that

making

it

free

will

be

the

biggest

arguments

for

people

to

use

public

transport.（我认为免费使用它将是人们使用公共交通工具的最大理由。）可知，人们在使用公共交通工具时最关心的是车费。故选B。

（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段Lydie

Polfer

说的But

everyone

has

to

be

aware

that

he

or

she

can

do

something

to

improve

the

situation.There

is

an

expression

in

German

—

you

are

not

in

the

traffic

jam

—

you

are

the

traffic

jam，and

that

is

true.（但每个人都必须意识到，他或她可以做些什么来改善这种情况。德语中有句话你不在交通堵塞中你就是交通堵塞，这是真的）可推知，Lydie

Polfer

认为每个人都可以尽自己的一份力量来改善交通状况。故选C。

这是一篇说明文。明年，卢森堡将成为世界上唯一一个对所有形式的公共交通免收车费的国家。文章解释了这一举措背后的原因以及意义。

一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。

阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。

二、看题干，带着问题读文章。

首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。

三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。

在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。

四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。

猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。

我们在做完形填空时，首先需要快速的浏览全文，把握文章的主旨大意；其次要学会带着问题到文中相应的地方，通过细节阅读来寻找或概括答案；最后理清作者的写作思路也非常重要；做此类题时，要多注意一些形容词或动词的搭配，在平时多积累一些固定搭配。

8~11.【答案】D、B、C、C【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第二段Manysurveysshowthatatleasttwo-thirdsofpeoplewouldliketochangesomeelementsoftheirpersonality.Inthepast，suchdesiresappearedtobeunachievable.Liketheproverbialleopardthatcouldneverchangeitsspots，ourvirtuesandflawswerebelievedtobewovenintothefabricofourminds.（许多调查显示，至少三分之二的人想要改变他们性格中的某些元素。在过去，这样的愿望似乎是无法实现的。就像谚语所说的"江山易改本性难移"一样，我们的优点和缺点被认为是编织在我们的思想结构中）可推知，在第二段提到了"豹"是为了证明先前的观点，即人格是固定的。A．To

explain

that

our

minds

consist

of

virtues

and

flaws.解释我们的思想由美德和缺陷组成；B．To

show

the

similarity

between

leopards

and

human

beings.来展示豹子和人类的相似之处；C．To

prove

a

possibility

that

people

can

change

their

personality.来证明一种人可以改变性格的可能性；D．To

demonstrate

the

previous

belief

that

personalities

remain

fixed.来证明之前人格不变的信念。故选D。

（2）推理判断题。根据第五段Theinterventionsintheirstudiestypicallyinvolvearrangingregularactivitiesthatreflectthepersonalitiespeoplewishtoadopt.Aquietpersonwhowishedtobemoreoutgoing，forexample，mighthavethegoalofintroducingthemselvestoastrangeronceaweek，ormakingsmalltalkwiththecashierattheirlocalsupermarket.（在他们的研究中，干预通常包括安排反映人们希望采用的个性的定期活动。例如，一个安静的人希望变得更外向，他的目标可能是每周向陌生人介绍自己一次，或者在当地超市与收银员闲聊一次）可推知，活动是为特定的个性量身定制的。故选B。

（3）细节理解题。根据倒数第二段Inthefirsttrial，providedparticipantsactuallycompletedthosearrangedtasks，theirpersonalitiesshiftedinthedesireddirection.Similarlyexcitingresultscouldbeseeninalatertrial.Thedifferencesofparticipants'personalitiesbeforeandaftertheinterventionwerestillapparentthreemonthsaftertheexperimenthadended.AsAristotlearguedmorethan2，300yearsago，webecomewhatwerepeatedlydo.（在第一次试验中，如果参与者确实完成了这些安排好的任务，他们的性格就会朝着预期的方向转变。在随后的试验中也可以看到同样令人兴奋的结果。实验结束三个月后，参与者在干预前后的性格差异仍然很明显。正如亚里士多德在2300多年前所说的那样，我们反复做什么，我们就会成为什么）可知，内森•哈德森的团队通过他们的研究表明了改变我们个性的某些元素的愿望是可以实现的。故选C。

（4）标题归纳题。根据第三段Recentscientificresearch，however，provesthisexpectationofpersonality'spermanencewrong.Withtherightpsychologicalstrategiesandenougheffort，manypeoplecansuccessfullyshapetheircorepersonalitiesintowhattheydesire.（然而，最近的科学研究证明，这种对人格持久性的期望是错误的。通过正确的心理策略和足够的努力，许多人可以成功地将他们的核心个性塑造成他们想要的样子）可知，文章主要介绍了最近的科学研究证明，这种对人格持久性的期望是错误的。通过正确的心理策略和足够的努力，许多人可以成功地将他们的核心个性塑造成他们想要的样子，C选项"你的性格不是一成不变的"最符合文章标题。A．We

Are

What

We

Do我们就是我们所做的；B．Habits

Make

Things

Easier习惯让事情变得更容易；C．Your

Personality

Is

Not

Set

In

Stone你的性格不是一成不变的；D．A

Leopard

Never

Changes

Its

Spots江山易改，本性难移。故选C。

这是一篇说明文。最近的科学研究证明，这种对人格持久性的期望是错误的。通过正确的心理策略和足够的努力，许多人可以成功地将他们的核心个性塑造成他们想要的样子。文章介绍了研究开展的过程以及发现和意义：对于那些希望自己更善于交际、更有条理或更随遇而安的人来说，我们大脑意想不到的可塑性应该是个好消息。另一个潜在的好处是，意识到这项研究可以帮助改善心理健康。

一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。

阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。

二、看题干，带着问题读文章。

首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。

三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。

在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。

四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。

猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。

我们在做完形填空时，首先需要快速的浏览全文，把握文章的主旨大意；其