2019译林版高中英语必修二Unit2 Be sporty,be healthy 知识清单（学生版）

。。。阅读单词认读batn.vt.&bicadj.taichin.carbohydraten.cranen.roostern.imitatevt.philosophyn.unityn.重点单词识记n.〈美〉足球运动n.跳伞运动n.肺n.病，疾病adv.此外，而且vt.减少，缩小n.常规，惯例adj.常规的，例行的；乏味的n.肌肉，肌n.慢跑锻炼n.滑雪(运动)n.引体向上n.骨头，骨n.体操，体操训练vt.&vi.伸展，舒展；拉长；伸出；(使)延伸n.(变动或浮动的)范围，界限，区间；一系列n.活动，转动；移动；运动n.汽油n.蛋白质n.平均水平，一般水准adj.平均的；典型的prep.自始至终；各处，遍及n.汗水vt.&vi.出汗，流汗vt.阻止，阻碍n.(人、动植物细胞的)组织；(尤指用作手帕的)纸巾，手巾纸vt.维持；维修，保养vt.使现代化，更新；向……提供最新信息n.最新消息vt.用……替换；代替，取代；更换，更新n.运动员n.拳击运动n.冠军，第一名n.球场；法院，法庭；宫廷conj.而且，此外prep.加；和adj.附近的，邻近的adv.在附近，不远n.健身房，体育馆n.搭档，同伴；伙伴；合伙人n.处境；位置；姿势；观点；地位adv.现今，现在n.大师，能手；主人vt.精通，掌握；控制vi.&n.疼痛，隐痛vt.&vi.(使)生根n.根，根茎；根源，起因adv.向后；朝反方向n.简图，图解，图表，示意图核心词汇拓展__________n.祝贺，恭喜；贺辞；恭贺→__________vt.祝贺__________vt.假定，认为；承担(责任)，就(职)；呈现，显露→__________n.假定；设想__________vi.往往会；趋向vt.照看→__________n.趋势；倾向；偏好__________n.能，能量；精力；能源→__________adj.精力充沛的，充满活力的__________n.伤害，损伤→__________vt.伤害，损伤→__________adj.受伤的__________n.配备，装备；设备→__________v.配备；装备__________vi.&vt.缺乏，没有，不足，短缺n.缺乏，匮乏，短缺→__________adj.没有的；缺乏的；不足的__________vt.宣布，宣告；通知→__________n.宣布，宣告；通知→__________n.播音员；宣告者__________vi.犹豫，迟疑→__________n.犹豫，迟疑→__________adj.犹豫的，踌躇的__________vt.&vi.承认；招认；准许进入；准许加入→__________n.允许进入；承认；入场费__________vt.激励，鼓舞；启发思考；使产生(感觉或情感)→__________n.灵感；鼓舞人心的人(或事物)→__________adj.受鼓舞的→__________adj.鼓舞人心的__________vt.&vi.探究，探索；勘探，勘察→__________n.探险；探索，探究→__________n.探险者__________n.满意；满足，达到→__________vt.满足；使满意→__________adj.令人满意的→__________adj.满足的；(感到)满意的__________vi.存在；生活，生存→__________n.生存；存在→__________adj.目前的，现有的__________vt.&vi.呼吸；呼出→__________n.呼吸→__________adj.气喘吁吁的核心短语速记dowondersoverthelongterm持续，坚持弥补，补偿putthefinishingtouchesto对……作出反应；作为对……的回复undertheweather不足为奇，并不奇怪berootedinprevent...from...tostartwith克服playarolein保持，维持对……有影响ceremonyn.仪式；典礼challengen.挑战；怀疑championn.冠军，优胜者charityn.慈善机构；慈善团体charmingadj.迷人的；有魅力的civilizationn.文明；教化classicaladj.传统的；古典的clarifyvt.澄清；阐明classifyvt.分类coincidencen.碰巧；巧合Ithasalsobeenproventhatactivepeopletendtohavebetterimmunesystemsandareatlowerriskofdiseases.(it作形式主语，that引导主语从句)事实也证明，经常锻炼的人往往会有更好的免疫系统，患病的风险较低。Workingoutcanhelpyoureducestressandgetovernegativefeelings.(动名词短语作主语)锻炼可以帮助你减轻压力，克服负面情绪。Whenyouplananexerciseroutine,thefirstthingtoconsideriswhatyouexpecttoimprove:heartandlungefficiency,musclestrengthorflexibility.(the＋序数词＋n.＋todo...)制定锻炼计划时，首先需要考虑的是你期望在哪些方向有所改善，是心肺功能，肌肉力量还是柔韧性。Topreventsofttissueinjury,makesurethatyouwearproperclothesandequipmentwhenexercising.(状语从句的省略)为了防止软组织受伤，锻炼时，要确保你穿戴合适的衣服和护具。ZhangSanfeng,a13th-centuryTaoist,wassaidtohaveinventedtaichiafterdrawinginspirationfromafightbetweenasnakeandabird.(sb.bev.-edtodo...)传说13世纪时，一个叫张三丰的道士从蛇与鸟的缠斗中汲取灵感，创立了太极拳。Taichihastaughtmetorelaxmymind,enablingmetostaycoolinstressfulsituations.(现在分词作结果状语)太极拳教会了我放松大脑，让我在紧张的情况下能保持冷静。请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。muscle,stretch,reduce,exist,makeupfor,stickwithAlmostallofusassumethatregularexercisedoeswondersforus.Now,let’slookatthebenefitsindetail.Firstly,doingexercisecanmakeourheartandlungsstrongeroverthelongterm.Studiesalsoshowthatworkingoutcanhelpus1.__________stressandgetovernegativethoughts.Inaword,exerciseisgoodforourbodyandmind.There’redifferentkindsofactivities.Aerobicactivities,likejogging,andskiingcandevelopheartandlungs.Strengthtrainingsuchaspull-upsandweightlifting,increases2.__________strengthandencouragesbonedevelopment.Flexibilitytraining,includinggymnasticsandtaichi,helps3.__________yourmusclesandimproveyourbody’srangeofmovement.TaichiisdeeplyrootedintheChinesephilosophyofyinandyangwhichcannot4.__________independentofeachother.Dochooseyourfavouriteactivitiesand5.__________it.Whenexercising,youmustwearproperclothesandequipmenttoavoidinjuries.Remembertodrinkto6.__________waterlosttosweat.Gradually,youwillfind,toyoursatisfaction,thatyouhavebetterimmunesystemsandareatlowerriskofdiseases.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇congratulationn.祝贺，恭喜；贺辞；恭贺(常用复数)(congratulatevt.祝贺)express/offer/sendone’scongratulationstosb.向某人祝贺aletterofcongratulation贺信congratulatesb.on(doing)sth.因(做)某事向某人祝贺__________(congratulate)toyouonyourwinningthechampionduring2020TokyoOlympicGames.Thepartyisachanceforfriendsandfamily__________(congratulate)thepersononthenewhome.(2020·全国Ⅲ)我们祝贺你们通过了高考。We__________________________________________________yourpassingtheCollegeEntranceExamination.(congratulation)We____________________yourpassingtheCollegeEntranceExamination.(congratulate)rangen.一系列；(变化或浮动的)范围，界限；区间；种类；山脉vi.包括；(在一定范围内)变化afull/widerangeof...大范围的……，各种……in/withintherangeof...在射程以内；在……范围内beyond/outofrangeof...在射程外；在……范围外rangefrom...to.../rangebetween...and...包括从……到……之间；在……到……之间变化Forpersonswhoareabletodevelopanimmuneresponse,thedeathrateisusually__________therangeof10%－15%.Pricesofthesetoysrange__________$7and$10,whichisquiteaffordableforaveragefamilies.每次我读到它，我都沉浸在有趣的内容中。它涵盖了不同的主题，从最新的消息到有益的学习方法。(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ，应用文写作)EverytimeIreadit,Iamimmersedintheinterestingcontents,whichcoveravarietyoftopics,__________________________________________________.injuryn.损害，损伤，伤害(injurevt.损伤，伤害injuredadj.受伤的)dosb.aninjury/doaninjurytosb.伤害某人get/beinjured受伤theinjured受伤的人；伤员Dogs’ownersshouldberesponsibleiftheirpetsdoan__________(injure)tootherpeople.Theinjuredweresenttothehospitalnearbybytherescueteamtotreattheirinjuries.(injure)作)__________________________________________________intheleg,heheldontothefinishline.equipmentn.配备，装备；设备(equipv.配备；装备；使有所准备；使能够胜任)equip...with...用……装备……equipsb.for(doing)sth.使某人为(做)某事而准备equipsb.todosth.使某人具备(做)某事的条件beequippedwith配备有……(表状态)Ifitwerenotforthemodern__________(equip),suchexperimentswouldnotbeperformed.Itisoftensaidthathumanbeingsarenaturallyequipped__________(speak).MyEnglishteacherisequippedwithmuchexperienceinteaching,soheiswellrespectedbyallofusstudents.(2020·全国Ⅰ,书面表达)________________________________________,myEnglishteacheriswellrespectedbyallofusstudents.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)________________________________________,myEnglishteacheriswellrespectedbyallofusstudents.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)lackn.缺乏，匮乏，短缺vi.&vt.缺乏，没有，不足，短缺(lackingadj.不足的；缺乏的；没有的)(a)lackof缺少……for/throughlackof因缺少……lack(for)sth.缺少某物belackingin在……方面缺乏Lack__________talentandinspirationisnoreasonfortakingnoaction.__________(lack)cookingexperience,thetwinsgotintotroublefeelingdisappointedandhelpless.(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ,读后续写)ThoughJackwaslackinginexperience,hemadeupforitinenthusiasm.____________________,Jackmadeupforitinenthusiasm.(用省略句改写)用法点拨：lack可用作及物动词，后面直接跟宾语，但通常不用于被动语态和进行时。名词lack常与of连用。announcevt.宣布，宣告；通知；声称；预示(announcementn.通知；宣布，宣告)announcesth.tosb.(＝announcetosb.sth.)向某人宣布……Itisannouncedthat...据称；据宣布……makeanannouncement下通知；宣布Theairlineannounced__________themediathattheflighttotheUSAwascanceled.It__________(announce)thattheboxingathletewasinnocentofthecrime.请注意，我有一件事情要宣布。英文短片“GrowingTogether”将于7点半在学校大厅上映。(应用文写作之通知)Attention，please.______________________________.AnEnglishshortfilm，calledGrowingTogether，willbeshownintheschoolhallat7:30.hesitatevi.犹豫，踌躇，迟疑；不愿；顾虑；疑虑(hesitationn.犹豫，迟疑hesitantadj.犹豫的，踌躇的)hesitatetodosth.迟疑做某事；不愿做某事hesitateabout/in/at/over...对……犹豫不决withouthesitation毫不犹豫地havenohesitationindoingsth.毫不犹豫地做某事behesitanttodosth.不愿做某事Ifastudentgetshungryonthelongdrivestoandfromschool,Wilsonneverhesitates__________(buy)themameal.(2019·北京)Pleasehavenohesitationin__________(contact)meifyouareundertheweather.Tomydisappointment,sheishesitant__________(tell)methetruth.看到一片混乱，父亲毫不犹豫地去帮助双胞胎做早餐，并加入了“母亲节惊喜”队。(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)Atthesightofthegreatmess,thefatherhelpedthetwinsmakebreakfast____________________,andjoinedtheMother’sDaySurpriseteam.(hesitation)admitvt.&vi.承认(过错、罪行)，招认；接纳；允许进入；准许加入；容纳(admissionn.允许进入；承认；入场费)admitsth./doingsth./havingdonesth.承认某事/做过某事admit...tobe...承认……是……o/to...允许……进入……；允许成为……中的一员；接收(入学)NewscamefromtheschoolofficethatWangLinhadbeenadmitted__________PekingUniversity.Sheapologizedtoherteacherandadmitted____________________(break)apieceofequipmentinthelabbymistake.我真诚地祝贺你进入重点大学。(应用文写作之祝贺信).(admission)现在，我们学校的乒乓球队正在招收新队员，我想邀请你加入。(应用文写作之邀请信)Thetabletennisteamofourschool____________________rightnowsoIwouldliketoinviteyoutojoin.inspirevt.激励；鼓舞；启发思考；使产生(感觉或情感)(inspirationn.启示；灵感；鼓舞人心的人(或事物)inspiringadj.鼓舞人心的；启发灵感的inspiredadj.卓越的；受到鼓舞的)inspiresb.todo...激励某人做……__________(inspire)bymyheadteacher,IamdeterminedtosticktomydreamuntilIachieveit.Withtheirfather’sinstructionand__________(inspire),beforelong,thebreakfastwasready.(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ,读后续写)我们的老师经常激励我们要尽我们最大努力去实现我们的梦想。(话题写作之学校生活)________________________________________torealizeourdreams.existvi.存在；生活，生存(existencen.存在；生存existingadj.目前的，现存的)existon靠……为生Thereexists/existed...某地有……；存在……comeintoexistence产生；成立；开始存在Youcan’timaginewhatdifficultytheyhaveexisting__________themoneyheisearning.Nooneknowswhensuchacustomfirstcameinto__________(exist).众所周知，年轻人和老年人之间存在代沟。Asisknowntousall,__________________________________________________.用法点拨：exist只用作不及物动词，因此没有被动语态，且通常不用于进行时。inresponseto对……作出反应；作为对……的回复(respondvi.回应，反应，回答)makearesponseto对……作出回应respondto回答/回应……Thesecommentscame__________responsetospecificquestionsoftenaskedbylocalnewsmen.Receivingaletterdoesn’tmeanyouneedtomakea__________(respond)toit.不要回复任何要求提供个人信息的电子邮件，不管它们看起来多么正式。(应用文写作之建议信)____________________anye-mailsrequestingpersonalinformation,nomatterhowofficialtheylook.Whenyouplananexerciseroutine,thefirstthingtoconsideriswhatyouexpecttoimprove：heartandlungefficiency,musclestrengthorflexibility.制定锻性。当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰或前有theonly,thevery时，常用不定式作后置定语。动词不定式用来修饰的多是抽象名词，常见的有：ability,chance,ambition,attempt等。Theability__________(express)anideaisasimportantastheideaitself.我们抓住了登上梯子的黄金机会，通过梯子上了直升机。(2020·7月浙江，读后续写)________________________________________,throughwhichwegotintothehelicopter.我真的很想采访他，因为他不仅是第一个进入太空的中国人而且是世界上最伟大的宇航员之一。Iwouldreallyliketointerviewhimbecause________________________________________butalsooneofthegreatestastronautsintheworld.Topreventsofttissueinjury,makesurethatyouwearproperclothesandequipmentwhenexercising.为了防止软组织受伤，锻炼时，要确保你穿戴合适的衣服和护具。状语从句的省略有两种形式：当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句中谓语含有be动词时，可将从句的主语和be动词一起省略。当从句中含有“it＋be动词”时，可将it和be动词省略。Hegraduallyrecoveredafter__________(treat)foratime.工作的时候，我意识到烈日下在田间工作是多么辛苦。(2019·北京，书面表达)____________________,Irealizedhowharditwastoworkinthefieldsunderahotsun.Ifitispossible,Iamgoingtovisitsomehomesoftheoldinthecity.→____________________,Iamgoingtovisitsomehomesoftheoldinthecity.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍averageA.adj.平均的B.adj.普通的C.n.平均数；平均水平D.v.平均为；计算出……的平均数DriversinLondoncanexpecttoaverageabout12milesperhour.Thecandidates’agerangedfrom29to49withanaverageageof37.It’ssaidthatthenewspaperofficereceivesanaverageofnearly100articlesaday.TheaverageAmericanhasnoteventhoughtaboutnextyear’selection.admitA.承认B.准许进入（或加入）C.接纳D.可容纳Onlyticket-holderswillbeadmittedtothecinema.Everyoneofusshouldhavethecouragetoadmitourmistakes.Thegymtobecompletednextmonthcanadmit1,000peopleatatime.快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的意思。IhavemadeamistakeandIassumeresponsibilityforit.Sufferingamassiveearthquake,thecitywasreducedtoruins.Inordertoinspiremorestudentstoparticipateinsportsactivities,ourschoolhasbuiltmorebasketballcourtsandtenniscourts.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识Hegaveupseekingsolutions__________lackofpatienceandperseverance.Tohisparents’surprise,theboyhasbeenadmitted__________akeyuniversity.Scientistshavemanytheoriesabouthowtheuniversefirstcameinto__________(exist).Thefirst__________(give)usthelectureisafamoushistoriancomingfromEngland.__________(congratulate)toyouonwinninganawardintheEnglishspeechcontest.Withregardtochildren’seducation,mostparentsattachimportancetoit,whiletheminorityassumeit__________(be)meaningless.Despitebeingfullofhorror,hethrewhisbiketowardsthewolfwithout__________(hesitate).NowIhaverecoveredandifonememberinthecourtis__________(injury),Icanreplacehim.Weshouldequipourselves__________knowledgeandcreativespiritswhicharethemostimportantfactorsforsuccess!While__________(travel)inEurope,hefoundmanyinterestingeventsandexperienceddifferentcultures.单句写作——应用文增分练(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ，应用文写作)——英文报Youth庆祝创刊十周年作为本报的忠实读者之一，我谨表示衷心的祝贺。(congratulations)阅读时，我对这些有趣的故事印象深刻，这些故事让我很放松。(状语从句的省略)它涵盖了各种主题，从诗歌到科幻小说，这拓宽了我的视野。(range)“YouthViewpoint”这个栏目很受我们这些学生的欢迎，它鼓励我们发表我们的观点。(inspire)我认为Youth在未来肯定会吸引更多的读者。(assume)微型写作——续写提能练[教材续写语料]情感描写hesitatevi.犹豫，迟疑satisfactionn.满意；满足，达到stickwith持续，坚持动作描写stretchvt.&vi.伸展，舒展，拉长；伸出；(使)延伸preventvt.阻止，阻碍lackvt.&vi.没有，缺乏，不足，短缺inresponseto对……作出反应；作为对……的回复环境描写nearbyadj.附近的，邻近的adv.在附近，不远positionn.处境；位置；姿势；观点；地位[续写语料运用]请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，并用适当的过渡词完成以下语段。(2020·7月浙江，读后续写)——与北极熊斗智斗勇一只在附近湖边玩耍的年轻公熊嗅到了我们蒜蓉面包的味道，然后他靠着他的嗅觉到了我们的位置。他太饿了，似乎马上就会把我们吞下去。我们该怎么办呢？突然，我想到了一个好主意。我打算用面包来阻止他的攻击。我把面包尽可能地扔向远处。它确实有效了。熊毫不犹豫地朝面包方向跑去。应我们的要求，直升机很快就到了。我们满意地爬了进去。这真是一次可怕而宝贵的经历。Ayoungmalebearwhowasplayinginanearbylake_______________________________,thenhe______________________________.Hewassohungrythatit________________________________________.Whatcouldwedo?Suddenly,_____________________________.Iintendedtousethebreadtopreventhisattack.IthrewthebreadasfarasIcould.Itdidwork.Thebear____________________________.________________________________,thehelicoptersoonarrived.Weclimbedintoit_____________________.Itwasahorribleandpreciousexperience.词形变化填空（每小题2分，共14分）Manyfriendscameto__________himonhismarriage,andsomesente-mailstoexpresstheir__________.(congratulate)Someteenagers__________toignoretheirparents’adviceandthis__________makestheirparentsveryanxious.(tend)Thesoldiergot__________inthebattleandsufferedaserious__________intheleftankle.(injure)Tokeep__________,hesetsasidetwohoursadaytotakeexercise.That’swhyheisalwaysfullof__________.(energy)StudiesshowfarmlandinAfricaisoften__________inimportantnutrients.And__________ofnutrientsmakesthesoiltherepoor.(lack)John__________tohiscolleaguesthathewastomarryaChinesegirl.The__________oftheirmarriagewouldappearinthenewspaperthenextweek.(announce)Ourschooloffersgood__________andyouwillbewell__________withknowledgeandskillsforyourfuturejob.(equip)Hehadto__________thatitwasnoteasytogain__________totheBuckinghamPalace.(admit)Afterlisteningtohis__________speech,wewere__________tomakegreatefforts.Itgaveusnotonlyhopebutalso__________.(inspire)Ifyouare__________aboutperformingatask,don’t__________toaskyouradviserforadvice,andhewillhelpyouwithout__________.(hesitate)Many__________camehereto__________themountain.Withoutdoubt,itisworth__________.(explore)There__________afountain,butnooneknowsexactlywhenitcameinto__________.(exist)Notonlydidwefeel__________withit,butourteacherlookedatuswith__________.(satisfy)Tiredandoutof__________,