2022年陕西省汉中市大学英语6级大学英语六级测试卷(含答案)

2022年陕西省汉中市大学英语6级大学英语六级测试卷(含答案)学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20题)1.Amongdevelopedcountries,______spendsthegreatestshareofGDPonthepublicbroadcasting.

A.USgovernment

B.Britishgovernment

C.Germangovernment

D.Frenchgovernment

2.

Cablesystemsbegantyingtouse______tocapturethesignalsfromdistantstationsintheearly1950s.

3.LawrenceBragg,theCavendishProfessorofExperimentalPhysics,oncewrote:"IwilltrytodefinewhatIbelievetobelackinginourpresentcoursesforundergraduates.Theydonotlearntowriteclearlyandbriefly,marshallingtheirPointsindueandaestheticallysatisfyingorder,andeliminatinginessentials.Theyareineptatthoseturnsofphraseorhappyanalogywhichthrowaflyingbridgeacrossachasmofmisunderstandingandmakecontactbetweenmindandmind.Theydonotknowhowtotalktopeoplewhohaveaverydifferenttrainingfromthem,andhowtocarryconvictionwhenplansforactionofvitalimportancetothemaremade."Perhapsthiswouldnotmattertoomuchifphysicalsciencestudentsweredestinedonlyforthebackroomsofscientificlaboratories.Butrecenttrendsindicatethatmanysciencegraduatesendupincareersfarfromtheirinitialtraining.ManyaphysicsgraduateistobefoundpredictingthefuturemarketintheSquareMile;manyachemistishypingitupinpublicrelations.Oneofthemaincomplaintsofthosegraduateswholeavescienceisthattheircourseconcentratedonproducingstudentsequippedtofollowaresearchcareer,andthattheunderlyingassumptionwasthatsuchresearchwouldbecarriedoutinanacademicenvironment.Thosewhoeventuallyfindthemselveselsewhere,whetherasscientificresearchersorinanothercapacity,oftenfeelillequippedfortheenvironmentofcommerceandindustry.Theseyoungpeopleoftenhavetowriteofftheirlastthreeyears'training.Atmost,alltheygotfromtheirBScwasagroundinginscientificlogicandnumeracy.Thefactualcontentoftheirsubjectwasjustsomuchexcessbaggage.

Theacademicscientificcommunitywhichsuppliedtheexcessbaggagecanbeheardloudlybemoaningthe"loss"oftalentedyoungscientists.Yetacademicscientistsalsocomplainaboutscientificilliteracyinexactlythosenon-scienceprofessions,whicharenowwelcomingsciencestudents.

Perhapsiftherewerelessmoaningandgreateracceptanceofthisintellectualosmosis(渗透),theexoduscouldbeturnedtoeveryone'sadvantage.Therefugeegraduatesoughttobeabletothinkoftheirscientificknowledgeandtrainingasabonus.Itoughttomakeapositive,constructivecontributiontotheirworkinglives,andbeasourceofinsightfortheircolleagues.Atthesametime,thescientificcommunityshouldbereapingthebenefitofthisbroadandinfluentialdistributionofpeoplewhoaresympathetictoscience.

Thereasonwhythisisnotthecaseisthatsciencegraduatesareoftenunabletosharetheirsciencewiththeirnonscientificcolleagues.Theyareunabletocommunicate.InsteadofbuildingBragg's"flyingbridge"theyfindthemselveserectingbarrierswhenevercalledupontoexplainscientificconceptsineverydayterms.Attitudesinthescientificcommunityarechanging.In1985,theRoyalSocietypublishedareportonthepublicunderstandingofscienceinBritain.Itsconclusionstookmanymembersofthescientificcommunitybysurprise.

Thereportadvocatedincreasedcooperationwiththemedia,moretrainingincommunicationskillsforscientistsandwiderscienceeducation.Italsorecommendedthatcommunicationskillsbeanintegralpartofeveryundergraduatesciencecourse.TheresponseinBritishuniversitieshasbeenpatchy,tosaytheleast,thereasonsarenotclear.Itmaybethatnothingmorethanstraightforwardinertiaisresponsible.Beingmorecharitable,academicscientistsmaysimplyfeeltheirjobistoteachscienceandthatanyattemptstodelveintotheartofcommunicationwillbeillreceivedbybothstudentsandtheoutsideworld.However,thereisevidencetosuggestthesefearsareillfounded.Forexample,thedepartmentsofchemicalandelectricalengineeringatImperialCollege,London,haveformanyyearsofferedtheirstudentstuitioningivingtalks.The

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4.

AndrewJohnsonwasamemberof______.

5.

Itisnecessaryforanewcomerto______ofthecitysincesomelocalpeoplealsousemapsasaguide.

6.WhatdoweknowaboutMarkinthefilmTheInventionofLying?

A.Helookstoothinforhisdate.

B.Heisthemosthonestman.

C.Lyingchangeshislifecompletely.

D.Helivesinalyingworld.

7.

Wheredocsthecountries'differenceapproachestoIPrightsprotectionlie?

A.DesiresforIPrightsprotectionconsistent.

B.TheprocedureofobtainingIPrights.

C.Substantiverightsgranted.

D.OfficesthatgranttheIPrights.

8.

Oneofthetrickstriedbythemoneylaunderswastousetheorganizations'offshorecompaniesto______.

9.

Besidesrelievingbackpain,acupuncturealsoseemstogivepatients______.

A.aspa-likeexperience

B.alingeringhappyfeeling

C.modestbenefitsinskincare

D.increasedbloodcirculation

10.

RiceisoneofthemajorGMcropscontaininggeneswhichhelptoeitherresistinsectortolerateweed-killingherbicides.

A.YB.NC.NG

11.SuggestionsforYourWork

Annieisalongtimesecretary/receptionistfortwoseniorvicepresidentsatabigcompany.Theyhavebeendoingalotofhiringlately,andalmostallofthenewmiddle-managementpersonnelhavebeeninterviewedbyoneortheotherofAnnie'stwobosses,sonaturallytheycomethroughherofficefirst.

Someofthesepeopleareunbelievablyrude.EithertheytreatAnnielikeapieceoffurniture(nohello,noeyecontact)ortheythinksheistheirerrand(差使)girl.Lately,Annie'stwobosseshavestartedaskingherforherimpressionsofjobcandidates.Sofarthisweek,twohavebeendiscourteous(失礼的)anddismissive,soAltairgaveboththethumbs-down.Neitherisgettingcalledbackforthenextroundofinterviews.

Nooneknowshowcommonthisis,butifyouarejobhunting,it'snecessarytobeawarethatthedummyatthereceptiondeskmaybeanythingbutnot"justasecretary".

SuggestionstoJobHunters

AccordingtoAnnieStevensandGregGostanian,twopartnersataBoston-basedexecutivecoachingfirmcalledClearRock,it'snotunusualthesedaysforahiringmanagertoaskeveryonewhomeetsapotentialnewhiretogiveanopinionofhimorher."Oneofthebiggestreasonssomanynewlyrecruitedmanagersfailinanewjobistheirinabilitytofitinandgetalongwiththepeoplewhoarealreadythere,"saysStevens."Soemployersnowwanttogetstaffers'impressionsrightatthestart."

AddsGostanian:"Alotcanbelearnedfromhowcandidatestreatreceptionists.Ifthejobseekerisrude,condescending,orarrogant,thismightbeanindicationofhowheorshewouldtreatcoworkersordirectreports."

Obviously,anyonelookingforanewjobwoulddowellnottoalienatethepersonwhositsoutsidetheinterviewer'sdoor.StevensandGostanianofferthesesixtipsfurgettingofftotherightstart:

?Introduceyourselfasyouwouldtoanyotherpotentialnewcolleague.Smile,shakehands,andsoon.Itseemsoddthatthishastobespelledout,butapparentlyitdoes;and,besidesbeingamatterofcommoncourtesy,ordinaryfriendlinessoffersapracticaladvantage."Learningandrememberinganinterviewer'sreceptionist'snamecanonlyhelpasyouadvanceintheinterviewingprocess,"Stevensnotes.

?Don'tregardareceptionistorotherassistantasanunderling(部下)—atleast,notasyourownpersonalunderling."Alwaysasktheinterviewerifyouneedhelpfromanyoneelseintheofficewhereyou'reinterviewing,insteadofseekingthisdirectlyyourself,"saysGostanian.Inotherwords,ifyou'dliketoleaveanextracopyofyourresume,refrainfromsendingtheinterviewer'sassistanttotheXeroxmachine.

?It'sfinetoacceptifyou'reofferedabeverage,butkeepitsimple."Don'taskforparticularbrandnamesorexpecttobebrewedafreshpotofcoffee,"Stevenssays.Andofcourse,needweaddthatdispatchinganybodytoStarbucksisoutofthequestion?

?Feelfreetomakesmalltalk,butknowthatanythingyousaymaywellgetbacktotheinterviewer."Don'taskprobingquestionsaboutthecompanyorofferunsolicitedopinions,"Gostanianadvises.Nomatterhowhideoustheofficedoor,endlessthehikefromtheparkinglot,orinconvenientthewaittoseetheinterviewer,keepittoyourself.Plentyoftimeforwhining(抱怨)andgrumblingafteryou'rehired.

?Don'ttalkonyourceilphoneinfrontofthereceptionist,andtrytoputyourBlackBerryaside."Ifyouhavetomakeortakeacall,leavethereceptionarea,"Stevenssays.Preoccupationwithwirelessdeviceswillmarkyou,shesays,as"acoldandfixatedperson".

?Don'tforgettosaygood-bye."Failuretosaygood-byetosomeoneyou'vejustmetreflectsnegativelyonyou,"Gostaniannotes."You'llcomeacrossasimpersonalanduncaring

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12.

Google'sassertionofitsownholiness______.

A.bringsaboutsourgrapesrivals'scorn

B.isabletoreceiveunquestioningtrust

C.makesmanyfirmsdisgusted

D.attractsthesupportofmanyfirmsexceptsourgrapesrivals

13.

Ifyoudisagreewiththewayyourex-spouse______,youcanaskthecourttodecidethebestinterestsofthechildregardingsuchissuesasreligiousinstructionormedicalcare.

14.Divorce

Forevery1,000marriedcouplesintheUK,13endupdivorcedaccordingtostatistics.Divorceisoftenacomplicatedandmessyprocess,andthrowsupmanypities.

DivorceIssues

Suchpainfulissuesaswhethertosellyourhome,whichparentwilllookafteryourchildren,andhowitwillaffectanyloansyoumayhave,willallhavetoberesolved.AndifyouaredivorcingyourpartnerinScotlandratherthaninEnglandandWalesthenanothersetoflawswillapply.

Formanycouples,obtainingadivorcehasneverbeeneasier.Theold-fashionedconceptofestablishingthatonepartyisatfaulthasbeencommittedtohistoryandtheimportantfacttoestablishnowisthattherelationshiphas"irreparablybrokendown".

InCourtorOnline?

Itisevenpossibletodivorceyourpartneronline,allowingyoutosaveonlegalcosts—andaccordingtoonlineexperts,thiscansaveyouabout￡700fromtheaverage￡800.However,thismethodisonlysuitableforverystraightforwardanduncontesteddivorces.

Alternatively,youcanapplyfordivorceatacountycourtinEnglandandWales,buttodothis,couplesmusthavebeenmarriedforatleastayear.

Thefirststageofdivorceisobtainingwhatisknownasa"Decreenisi(日后才生效的离婚判决书)".Thisisgrantedifthecourtissatisfiedthemarriagehas"irreparablybrokendown",andthisisprovenbyshowingoneoffivethings:adultery(通奸行为);unreasonablebehavior;desertiononthepartofonepartnerforatleasttwoyears;thatthecouplehavebeenseparatedfortwoyearsandbothspousesagreetodivorce;orthatthecouplehavebeenseparatedforfiveyears.

Yourspouse's"unreasonablebehavior"mustbesointolerablethatnobodycouldreasonablyexpectyoutocarryonlivingwithhimorher.Itcouldinclude,forexample,financialcarelessness,drinking,gambling,orlackofemotionalsupport.Youcannotbaseyourdivorceonthisifyouthenlivetogetherforaperiodofmorethansixmonthsafterwards.Thisrulealsoappliestodesertion,andthediscoverythatadulteryhastakenplace.

Thesecondandfinalstageisobtaininga"Decreeabsolute(绝对判决)".Thedivorcecanbestoppedatanytimeuntilthisisgranted,soitisadvisabletosortoutallthefinancialandpracticaldetailsfirst.

UsingaDivorceLawyer

If,asinthevastmajorityofcases,yourrelationshipiscomplicated,itisadvisabletoseeklegaladvicefromafamousfamilylawadvisor,whowillbeabletoproperlyadviseyouaboutyourrightsandresponsibilities.

IfyouareunsurehowtogoaboutchoosingalawyerthenitmightbeagoodideatoconsulttheLawSocietyortheFamilyLawSolicitorsAssociation,whokeepalistofqualifiedlawyers.AlternativelyvisittheCitizen'sAdviceBureauwhohasagreatdealofinformationregardingsuchmatters.

WhatAretheAlternatives?

Negotiationisavoluntaryservicethatallowsyouandyourpartnertomeetwithatrainedandimpartialnegotiatortoclarifytheissues,discusstheavailableoptions,andreachdecisionsacceptabletoyouboth.Whilethenegotiatorwillmanagetheprocessofnegotiation,heorsheisnottheretopromoteeitherperson'sinterests.Thedecisionsarefinallyyours.

Youwillstillrequiretheservicesofalawyertoputyourdecisionsonpropertyorfinancialmattersintolegalform.Thegovernmentiskeenforpeopletoattendnegotiation,andthenumberofpeopleofferingthisservicehasvastlyincreasedinthelastfewyears.Youmayberequiredtoattendnegotiationmeetingsifyourdivorceisfundedbylegalaid.FormoreinformationvisitourfeatureonNegotiation.

WhatAbouttheChildren?

Divorcecanbeespeciallyconfusingforchildren,whoarelikelytofeelconfusedbyeventsandmayevenblamethemselvesfortheirparent

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15.

Jessicawentuptotownanddidshoppingthewholeday.

A.YB.NC.NG

16.

Theexactprocedures,bywhichonecantellwhetherenoughpainthasbeenapplied,arerevealedinthistext.

A.YB.NC.NG

17.

Hypertensioncanbecausedbythenoiselowerthan65db.

A.YB.NC.NG

18.

Manypeoplemayrejectbilingualeducationsimplybecausetheydon'tlike

19.Ifyourankthebooksaccordingtothefrequencytheymightbetouched,you'dbetterput______.

A.referencebooksatthemostimportantposition

B.brand-newbooksatthemostimportantposition

C.dog-earedbooksatthemostimportantposition

D.allthenovelsatthemostimportantposition

20.

TheGladstonefamilymadeagreatfortuneby______.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20题)21.听力原文：M:HaveyounoticedJohn'sgreatprogresshehasmadeinhisstudies?Hestudiesquitehardnow.What'smore,heseemstotakealikingtothestudies.

W:Yeah,youcansaythatagain.Heisnotwhatheusedtobe.

Q:Whatcanweinferfromtheconversation?

(14)

A.Johnusedtodoquitewellinhisstudies.

B.Johnisalwaysgoodatstudies.

C.Johndidn'tlikestudiesbefore.

D.Johnstudiesashardasbefore.

22.(36)

A.Waristheonlywaytosolveinternationaldisputes.

B.Warwillbelessdangerousbecauseoftheimprovementofweapons.

C.Itisimpossibleforpeopletolivewithoutwar.

D.Warmustbeabolishedifmanwantstosurvive.

23.(31)

A.Theicewascutandhandledwiththehelpofsomespecialtools.

B.Theicewastakenfromtheflowingfiverwithhooksandcardedbysledstoicehouses.

C.Theicewascarriedonthefrozensurfaceofthepondorriver.

D.Theicewassawedintoevenblocksbyworkers.

24.(22)

A.Wearingarmweightswhileyouareswimming.

B.Joggingvigorouslyinoneplaceforalongtime.

C.Usingbicyclesthatrequireyoutousebothyourarmsandlegs.

D.Walkingslowlywhileswingingyourarmsbackandforth.

25.听力原文：W:Allright,thatcomesto＄20.75.Doyouhaveoneofourstoremembershipcards?

M:Whatisthat?

W:It'safreecardwhichallowsourcustomerstoreceivespecialdiscounts.Yousimplyneedtofilloutourmembershipapplicationform.

M:No,thankyou.I'malittlepressedfortime.

W:Howwillyoubepayingforthat?Willthatbecashorcredit?

M:IthinkI'llpaywithmycard.

W:OK.Isthatacreditcardoradebitcard?

M:I'msorry.Idon'tunderstandyourquestion.Whatisthedifference?

W:Acreditcardbillsyouonceamonth;adebitcarddeductsthemoneydirectlyfromyourbankaccount.

M:Well,thisisanATMcardissuedbymybank.It'sconnectedtomybankaccount.CanIusethat?

W:Sure,that'sakindofdebitcard.Pleasepressthebuttonmarked"DBT"andswipeyourcardthroughthemachine.

M:OK.AndnowwhatdoIdo?

W:Pleaseenteryourpinnumber,theidentificationnumberwhichverifiesyouridentity.

M:OK.Andnow?

W:Paperorplastic?

M:I'msorry?Whatdidyousay?

W:I'mgoingtopackyourgroceries.Whatkindofhagswouldyoulike,paperorplastic?

M:Plastic,please.Wow,youreallyhavetomakealotofdecisionsinanAmericangrocerystore.

(20)

A.Applyimmediatelywithanycreditcard.

B.Filloutthemembershipapplicationform.

C.Payamembershipfee.

D.Buycertainitemsinthestore.

26.听力原文：W:Hi,Peter.Iwassurprisedtoseeyouintheclassinchildren'sliteratureyesterday.Areyoualsomajoringinelementaryeducation?

M:No,I'mnot.ButasapsychologymajorIcanusethistofulfilltherequirementindevelopmentalpsychology.

Q:Whatdoyoulearnfromtheconversation?

(14)

A.Thetwospeakersareclassmates.

B.Themanismajoringinelementaryeducation.

C.Thewomanismajoringinelementaryeducation.

D.Thetwospeakersgottoknoweachotherinaclass.

27.(15)

A.Hemajorsinengineering.

B.Hewasn'tatthelectureatthattime.

C.Hehasonlyrecentlybecomeinterestedinphilosophy.

D.HethinksthewomanshouldalsoattendProf.Warner'sclass.

28.(13)

A.WriteDaisyanoteofapology.,

B.ReturnDaisy'snotesinafewdays.

C.ApologizewhenDaisyislessangry.

D.LethertalktoDaisyaboutthesituation.

29.(38)

30.(26)

A.AbabystrollerB.AsleepingbagC.AbackpackD.Atent.

31.

【B5】

32.听力原文：W:Haveyoubeentothatnewrestaurantyet?

M:Youmeanthecampuscomer?

W:Yeah.That'stheone.It'srightacrossthestreetfromtheentrancetotheschool.

M:No.I'venevereatenthere.Iusuallyhave6metogohomeforlunchbetweenclasses.

W:Areyouagoodcook?

M:I'mquitehandyinthekitchenmyself.LastsemesterItookacourseinChinesecooking.AndImustsayIthinkIdidratherwell.

W:Well,inthatcaseI'llcertainlyhavetotaketheadvantageofouracquaintance.DoyouthinkyoucouldteachsomethingaboutChinesecooking?

M:That'sagreatidea.Say,whydon'tyoucomehomewithmeaftergeometryclass?I'llmmdinnerintoacookinglesson.

W:OK.Ifyouaresureit'snottoomuchtrouble.

M:Notatall.I'llteachyouwhatI'velearntinthecookingclass.Justremindmctostopbythegrocerystoreafterclass.Ihavetopickupacoupleofingredients.

W:Ihopethisisn'tturningintoahugeproject.

M:Noway.Iliketocook.Besideswehavetoeatanyway,right?

W:Youarefight.IguessIhaven'tthoughtofitthatway.

M:Oh,thereistheprofessor.You'dbettergositdown.

W:OK.Seeyouafterclass.

(20)

A.Attheoffice

B.Inthestreet

C.Inaclassroom

D.Inarestaurant

33.(24)

A.OtherAmericanstates.

B.Foreigncountries.

C.Regionsoutsidethecitywherepeoplelive.

D.Othercitiesinthestatewherepeoplelive.

34.

【B11】

35.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

Therearemanyskillsandqualitiesthataredesirableinatranslator.Thetranslatormusthaveanexcellent,up-to-dateknowledgeofhis【B1】______language,whichwillbehismothertongueorlanguageof【B2】______use,fullfacilityinthehandlingofhis【B3】______language,andknowledgeandunderstandingofthelatestsubject-matterinhisfieldof【B4】______.Inadditiontothis,itisdesirablethatheshouldhavean【B5】______mind,wideinterests,agoodmemoryandtheabilitytograspquicklythebasicprinciplesofnewdevelopments.Heshouldbewillingtoworkonhisown,oftenathighspeeds,butshouldbehumbleenoughto【B6】______othersshouldhisownknowledgenotalwaysproveadequatetothetaskinhand.Heshouldbeabletotypequicklyand【B7】______and,ifheisworkingmainlyforpublication,shouldhavemorethananodding【B8】______withprintingtechniquesandproof-reading.Ifheisworkingbasicallyasaninformationtranslator,letussay,foranindustrialfirm,heshould【B9】______,aswellasfromonesubjectmattertoanother,sincethisabilityisfrequentlyrequiredofhiminsuchwork.【B10】______,itis,strictlyspeaking,unnecessarythatheshouldbeabletospeakthelanguagesheisdealingwith.【B11】______.

【B1】

36.听力原文：M:Well,Mary,todayisthedayyou'regoingforyourdriver'slicense.Doyouthinkyouarereadyforthetest?

W:Icertainlyhopeso!I'veputinsomanyhoursofbehind-thewheeltraining,andI'vegonethroughthedrivingmanualsomanytimes.Ishouldbeperfect!

Q:HowdoesMaryfeelaboutthetestforherdriver'slicense?

(18)

A.Shefeelsnervousaboutthetest.

B.Sheworriesabouthercompetence.

C.Shethinkssheiswellprepared.

D.Shedoesn'tlikethetrainingbehindthewheel.

37.听力原文：M:Mr.Sandershasanappointmentthisafternoon,butIhaven'tseenhimtoday.Didhecallinsick?

W:No,ratherthancomehere,hewentstraightouttoinspectthenewplantbeforeitcomesonline.

Q:WherehasMr.Sandersgone?

(14)

A.Tothefactory.

B.Toseeadoctor.

C.Tokeephisappointment.

D.Togetsomelunch.

38.

【B6】

39.

【B9】

40.(32)

A.Consulthimoutsideofclass.

B.Lookforhimintheoffice.

C.Talktohimduringclassroomhours.

D.Makeanappointmentwithhim.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20题)41.

【C6】

42.

Whatdoesthelastparagraphindicate?

A.Source-codeshouldn'tbefirmlycontrolled.

B.Thesoftwaremarketistendingtobediversified.

C.Microsoftwillreleasemoresource-code.

D.Softwaremarketiscontracting.

43.

Manufacturersmentionedinthepassagewereobligedtomakethebestofwarninglabelssbasto______.

44.InordertobetterunderstandconservatisminChinaitisessentialthatonehaveagraspofwhattheterm"Chineseconservatism"means.ChineseconservatismismarkedlydifferentfromtheconservatismofthemodemWest.Thepoliticalterm"conservative"cameaboutduringtheFrenchRevolutionandinspiredmenthatweredeterminedtopreserveChristianandaristocraticelementsinEuropeansociety.ChineseconservatismbeganaroundthetimeoftheTaipingRebellionandhadasitsprimaryobjectivesthepreservationofbothConfuciansocietyandnon-feudalstrainsofpre-OpiumWarChinesesociety.Whilewesternconservatismbelievesinsacrednessofprivatepropertyanddistrustofcosmopolitanism,Chineseconservatismisthedefenseofrationalcosmopolitanorder.Thus,theonlycommonareaofagreementbetweenEuropeanandChineseconservatismistheintenttoconserve.

DuringtheTung-chihRestoration,thegreataimwastherevivalofConfucianvaluesandinstitutions.Buttheseaimshadtobemodifiedsothattheymightendure.Restorationstatesmanhadnodesiretocreateanewsociety--theywantedtorestoreasocietythattheybelievedhadbeenbasedontruth.ThestatesmanoftheRestorationstretchedthetraditionalideologytoitslimitsinanefforttomaketheConfuciansystemworkundernewconditions.Theyweretrueconservativesinagreattradition,livinginanagewhenrevolutionarychangewasunavoidable.TheaimoftheRestorationwastorestoretotheoriginalvitalitythebestoftheancientinstitutions.DuringtheRestoration,thetwoimmediateproblemswerethesuppressionoftherebellionandthestabilizationofforeignrelations.Inaddition,thepeoplewerestrivingforarestorationofthesystemofgovernmentbysuperiorcivilofficials.

ThemeninthehierarchyoftheRestorationrosetoprominencethroughprovenabilityinbothcivilandmilitaryaffairs.Theyemphasizedhumanandsocialtraining--thatis,indoctrination,morality,andtheartofleadershipthroughthecultivationofcharacter.Thegreatmajorityoftheofficialsrosethroughtheexaminationsystem.

Duringthechaosofthisperiodtheexaminationsystemhadlostmuchofitseffectiveness.Thisisimportantandmustbenotedbecausetheexaminationsystemwasthetraditionalavenueforselectingofficials.TheseniorofficialsoftheRestorationrealizedthattheirpoliticswouldbeineffectiveunlessthequalityofthejuniorofficialswasimproved,soitwastheirpoliticstoweedouttheofficialswhohadattainedofficeinirregularwaysandtopromotetheexaminationsystemasonlywaytohighposition.ButthesemenoftheRestorationhadenoughforesighttodeterminethatitwasimpossibletoselectofficialsautomaticallyonthebasisoftheobjectivetestsalone.Asaresult,thesystemofrecommendationwasusheredin,wherebyahighofficialsponsoredthecareerofapromisingyoungman.Thisactedasanimportantsupplementtotheexaminationsystem.

Thetraditionalmethodforselectingofficialswas______.

A.appointmentbythecivilgovernment

B.theexaminationsystem

C.throughasubjectivetestingsystem

D.sponsorshipbyahighgovernmentofficials

45.

Winternightsareseldompitch-blackintheFarNorthbecauseof______.

A.themoonandstars

B.thenorthernlights

C.snowontheground

D.alloftheabovementionedfactors

46.

Accordingtotheauthor,writing______.

A.isbasicallyaself-taughtoccupationandnoinstructionsonhowtodealwithitareofanypracticaluse

B.isa"trialanderror"processanditdoesnotcountwhetheryouhavethegiftforwritingornot

C.foralivingisthemostdifficultandriskyofallcareers,fulloffrustrationanddiscouragement

D.sometimesprovidesgoodhopesofwinningpublicpraiseandescapinghumiliatingpoverty

47.

Inthelastparagraph,theauthorimpliesthat______.

A.anatomistsandgeneticistsaremorallyquestionable

B.genesareasmuchapartofahumanform.aspancreas

C.thepancreashasgreaterhumanimportancethangenes

D.peoplearemoreinterestedinpatentinggenesthanpancreas

48.

Whenyouarebusythinkingaboutyourdreamlover,______.

A.youarenotactuallythinking

B.yourmindisnolongerhungry

C.yourminddoesn'tletitselfgrow

D.youarenotawareofwhatyouneed

49.

Thecostsofpackagingrisebecause______.

50.

Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

A.Theclimateofearthhasfluctuatedquiteahitoverthelast4.6billionyears.

B.Anincreaseintheearth'stemperaturewillhavemajorconsequencesforalllifeonthisplanet.

C.Theinformationwehave