2023学年完整公开课版TheViolenceofNature

Module3TheViolenceofNatureGrammar&CulturalCornerThepastperfectpassive过去完成时被动语态GrammarIWhatcanyouseefromthefollowingsentences?1.Bythetimethetornadoended,morethan700peoplehadbeenkilled.2.CoghlantravelledbacktoCanadaafterhehadbeenburiedinTexas.动作在过去某一时刻之前已经完成,且谓语动词与发出这一动作的主语存在被动关系。句中常用by,before,until,when等词引导时间状语。过去完成时1)

概念：表示过去的过去

----|-------|-----|---->

那时以前那时现在其构成是had+过去分词构成。2)用法

a.在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句。Shesaid(that)shehadneverbeentoParis.

b.状语从句

在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。

Whenthepolicearrived,thethieveshadrunaway.c.表示意向的动词，如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等，用过去完成时表示“原本…，未能…”Wehadhopedthatyouwouldcome,butyoudidn’t.

3)过去完成时的时间状语before,by,until,when,after,once,assoonas。

e.g.:1.HesaidthathehadlearnedsomeEnglishbefore.

2.Bythetimehewastwelve,Edisonhadbegantomakealivingbyhimself.

3.Tomwasdisappointedthatmostoftheguestshadleftwhenhearrivedattheparty.被动语态被动语态表示主语为动作的承受者。只有及物动词才有被动语态，被动语态的具体用法如下所表示：用法例句不清楚动作的执行者时候TheParthenonwasbuiltduringthisperiod.(2)Hisbikewasstolen.没有必要或不想指出谁是动作的执行者PaperwasfirstmadeinChina.(2)Doyouknowwhenthebuildingwasbuilt?强调或突出动作的承受者Parisisvisitedbymorethaneightmilliontouristseveryyear.(2)Thispaintingwaspainted.直接引语:直接引用别人的话,把它放在引号内。(directspeech)间接引语:用自己的话转述别人的话(indirectspeech)GrammarIIIamabeautifulgirl.

仔细观察A、B、C三组句子，注意总结它们的变化规则。A.1.Hesaid,“Ilostthebag.”2.Hesaidthathehadlostthebag.B.1.“Doyouwanttotakepartinthesportsmeeting?”askedtheteacher.2.Theteacheraskedmeif/whetherIwantedtotakepartinthesportsmeeting.C.1.“Whenwillyougofishing?”Janeaskedherfather.2.Janeaskedherfatherwhenhewouldgofishing.【总结归纳】上面三组句子中的第一句是直接引语，第二句是间接引语，它们可以相互转化，转化后的间接引语常常是宾语从句，引导词有如下特征：组别直接引语间接引语引导词A陈述句that(可省略)B一般疑问句if/whetherC特殊疑问句wh-/howI.直接引语变间接引语的方法1).直接引语为陈述句时,变为间接引语,

要用that引导的宾语从句。如：“Thestormwasextremelyviolent,”saidalocalman.Alocalmansaidthatthestormhadbeenextremelyviolent.2).直接引语为一般疑问句变为间接引语,

要用if/whether引导宾语从句,并将原来的疑问语序变为陈述语序。如：Theteacherasked,“iseverybodyheretoday?”Theteacheraskedifeverybodywasherethatday.3).直接引语为特殊疑问句,变为间接引语,

用原来的疑问词引导从句,并将疑句语序变为陈述语序。如：“WhatshallIdonext?”thegirlwondered.Thegirlwonderedwhatsheshoulddonext.

4).直接引语为祈使句,变为间接引语,一般用以下结构：order/tell/asksb.(not)todo如：Theheadmastersaid,“don’tlitterthefloorwithscrapsofpaper.”Theheadmastertoldusnottolitterthefloorwithscrapsofpaper.5).直接引语变为间接引语时,宾语从句中的人称、时态、代词、时间状语和地点状语等都要作相应变化。①人称的变化：遵循一主、二宾、三不变的原则。即：直接引语中的第一人称在变成间接引语时，要和原句中的主语保持一致；直接引语中的第二人称在变成间接引语时,要和原句中的宾语保持一致;直接引语中的第三人在变成间接引语时,保持不变。变化项目直接引语间接引语时态变化一般现在时现在进行时现在完成时一般过去时过去完成时一般将来时过去进行时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去将来时过去完成时II.时态的变化变化项目直接引语间接引语指示代词thisthese时间状语nowtoday,tonightthisweek/month…thatthosethenthatday,thatnightthatweek/month…III.指示代词/时间状语/地点状语等的变化yesterdaytendays/weeks…agotomorrow/nextyear..

地点状语here方向性动词comebringthedaybeforetendays…beforethenextday/year..theregotake【温馨提示】1.当直接引语强调的是客观事实或真理，变为间接引语时，从句中的时态不变。如：Mr.Wangsaid,“Theearthtravelsaroundthesun.”→Mr.Wangsaid(that)theearthtravelsaroundthesun.2.当直接引语中有表示过去的具体的时间状语时，变为间接引语时，从句中的谓语时态可以不变。如：

Shesaid,“Iwasbornin1995.”→Shesaid(that)shewasbornin1995.另外，如果在当地或者当天转述，时间状语、地点状语、动词需不需要发生变化，这要看当时的语境来确定。I.将下列直接引语转换为间接引语。1.Lindasaid,“I’mmeetingDavidfordinner.”Lindasaid(that)she____________Davidfordinner.2.Billsaid,“Iforgottopaymyelectricitybill.”Billsaid(that)he_________topayhiselectricitybill.wasmeetingforgotto练习坊3.IaskedJack,“Doyouknowthecaller’sname?”IaskedJack_______________________________.4.Theteacheraskedhim,“Whywereyoulateyesterday?”Theteacheraskedhim______________________________.whetherheknewthecaller’snamewhyhewaslatethedaybefore5.“Don’tmakesomuchnoise,boys,”theteachersaid.Theteachertoldtheboys

__________somuchnoise.nottomakeVolcaniceruptiondon’thappenveryoftenontheisland.Ascientistsaidthat_____________2.Noonewasontheislandduringthevolcaniceruption.Alocaljournalistsaidthat_________II.Rewritethesentencesusingthereportingexpressions.3.Thethunderstormwillputoutthefires.Localpeoplesaidthat___________4.Theresidentscangobacktotheirhomes.Thegovernorsaidthat_________5.Severaleruptionhavetakenplaceinthelasttwentyyears.Alocalradiostationsaidthat_______Answers:1.…Volcaniceruptiondidn’thappenveryoftenontheisland.2.…noonewas/hadbeenontheislandduringthevolcaniceruption.3.…thethunderstormwouldputoutthefires.4.…theresidentscouldgobacktotheirhomes.5.…severaleruptionshadtakenplaceintheprevioustwentyyears.III.用括号内所给动词的适当时态和语态填空。1.Nothing_______(leave)aftertheterriblefirewhich_________(cause)bysomeonesmokinginbed.2.WhenI_____(get)homeI_____(find)thatoneofmysuitcases___________(disappear).gotfounddisappearedwasleftwascaused3.Everythinghehad_________(take)awayfromhimbeforehe________(return)tohishometown.4.—Didhedecidetotakepartinthecompetition？

—Yes,ofcourse.He______________(encourage)to.wastakenreturnedwasencouragedCulturalcornerEarthquakesAroundthePacifictheCaliforniaearthquakeReadthepassageandanswerthequestions.1.WherewastheworstChineseearthquake?

ItwasinHuaCountyinShaanxiProvince.2.WhatwasthemostdangerousthingabouttheCaliforniaEarthquake?

Thefirescausedbytheearthquake.Findtheusefulwordsandphrasesusedtodescribetheearthquakes.HuaCountyCaliforniaterribleearthquakesoccuraffectcoverbekilledinallloseone’slifetheworstearthquakethefiresburndestroybekilledbemadehomelesscause…deathsLanguagepoints1.activeadj.

活跃的;(思想上)充满活力的；积极的

【例句】Mr.Brownwasactiveatthepartyyesterday.

布朗先生在昨天的聚会上很活跃。

Mylittlebrotherhasaveryactiveimagination.

我小弟弟想象力十分丰富。Studentsshouldtakeanactivepartinschoolactivities.学生应该积极参加学校的活动。【链接】activelyadv.

积极地;活跃地activityn.

活动activistn.

积极分子2.TheCaliforniaEarthquakeofthe18thofApril1906istheworstearthquakethathaseverhappenedintheUnitedStates.【点拨】本句是一个复合句。thathaseverhappenedintheUnitedStates为定语从句修饰先行词earthquake,由于先行词被形容词最高级修饰，所以关系代词用that;ofthe18thofApril1906为介词短语做后置定语修饰TheCaliforniaEarthquake。【句意】（发生于）1906年4月18日的加利福尼亚大地震是在美国发生过的最强烈的一场地震。Whatshouldyoudoifthereisanearthquakeinyourtown?2.InordertohelppeoplewholosttheirfamiliesintheearthquakeinWenchuan,whatdidyoudo?DiscussionAllofyouhavewitnessedtheearthquakeinWenchuan.Nowdiscussthefollowingquestionswithyourpartner.Readtheeye-witnessaccountofaviolentnaturaleventandanswerthequestions.Writing1.Wheredidthishappen?2.Whathappenedtothetrees?3.Wheredidthepersonhavetostay?4.Forhowlong?Nearthebeach.Begintomovefromsidetoside