WorldHistoryinBrief6eSTEAid世界史世界历史简史教材教程教案讲义英语

Index

Note:Pagenumbersfollowedbyf,tn,n,andtindicatefigures,maps,notes,andtables,respectively.

A

Abacus,inChina,232

Abbasidcaliphate,153-154

agricultureunder,164

intellectualthoughtunder,161

Islamiclawand,157

AbdulHamid(Ottomansultan),462

Abolition,ofslavery,413,414

Abortion,in19thcentury,408

Absolutism,311-312,336

Abstractart,523

AbuBakr(caliph),149,150

AbuTalebKhan(IndianMuslim),355

Abzug,Bella,528/

Acheba,Chinua,646,647

A.D.,9n

Adaptation

cultural,14

imperialismand,427

byMaori,435

Administration.SeeGovemment(s)

AdorationoftheMagi,216/

Advertising,390,391

AegeanSea,115

Afghanistan,414,605

MughalIndiaand,352

Sovietwarwith,541,547,588

terrorismin,612

Turkishempirein,175

Africa.Seealsospecificregions

agriculturein,12

authoritarianismin,644

Bantumigrationsin,187-188

“bigmenntraditionin,191

camelsin,183

Christianityin,126,492

civilizationsin,116-117,117w,141,188,188-190

civilwarsin,641

coloniescomparedin,426-427

consequencesofslaveryand,302

cultureof,645-649

decolonizationin,582m

democracyin,645,658

Dutchand,283

inearlymodernperiod,279

economyof,649-650

educationin,645-646

Egyptianinfluenceon,25

emigrationfrom,496

Englandand,414

ethnicconflictsin,663-664

Europeand,286-290,426

Germanyand,416f

globalconnectionsof,274

GreatDepressionand,638

humanmigrationto,3

humanoriginsin,9

imperialismin,422T26,423/n,427

independencein,514,638-639,640/?/

Islamand,154,165,183-184,186/；671

kingdomsin,184-188

migrationsfrom,268,506,666

Muslimtradewith,165

nationalismin,491,492

negritudemovementin,638

nomadsin,38

politicsin,643-645

Portugaland,280,282

inpostclassicalperiod,180

regionalculturesin,33

religionsin,647-649

afterRomanEmpire,126

slavetradeand,274

socialismin,644

southernendof,288

SovietUnionand,539

Spanishexpeditionsto,264

sub-Saharan,634-653

tradein,182

urbanizationin,651

WorldWarIand,488

WorldWarIIand,638

AfricanAmericans,430

civilrightsmovementand,517,51〃

duringReconstruction,398

asunskilledlabor,526

AfricanNationalCongress(SouthAfrica),637,643

Africans,numbertakenasslaves,287

AfricanUnion,civilwarsand,645

Afrikaners,637,642

Afro-Eurasia,civilizationin,20m

Afterlife

inEgypt,26

Islamicbeliefin,158-159

inMesopotamia,26

Sumerianbeliefin,22

Ageofexploration,European,284

Agribusiness,525

Agriculturalcivilizations,20

Agriculture,2.SeealsoFarmsandfarming;Manorialism

inAfrica,116-117,187,189,426,649-650

inAmericas,254

inAustralia,433

Aztec,251

inBritishIndia,419

inCentralAmerica,118

changeand,15-17

childrenand,2

inChina,66,68-70,91,233-234,365-366,562

collective,inSovietUnion,537-538

conceptof"week"and,13

diffusionof,45

ineasternEurope,204,546-547

GreatDepressionand,509-511

GreekandRoman,110

GreenRevolutionin,585,586,630,649

improvementsin,323

Inca,252

inIndia,31,75,89,91,421

industrializationand,391-392

innovationsin,388-389

Islamic,168

inJapan,237,240,367,371-372

inLatinAmerica,295,452,630

onmanors,208

Maya,250

metalworkersand,16

inMiddleEast,11-12,164

Neolithicrevolutionin,12

inNewZealand,433-434

inNorthAmerica,298

Ottoman,347-348

inPalestine,599

patriarchalsystemand,14,28

riseof,45-46

inRussia,339,473,475

slashandburn,15

societyand,13-15

spreadof,10-13,1Iw

insub-SaharanAfrica,635-636

Sumerian,23

traditionalmethodsin,323

in20lhcentury,525

inUnitedStates,431

AIDS

globalizationandspreadof,673

insub-SaharanAfrica,650

UNand,669

Airtravel,497

Aisha(wifeofMuhammad),167

Akbar(MughalIndia),351-353,358

Akkadians,23

Alaska,Russiaand,334

Albania,communismin,538,549

Albanians,inKosovo,663

AlbigensianCrusade,218

Alcohol

Hindusand,176

Islamicruleagainst,158

AlexanderI(Russia),472

AlexanderII(Russia),473,474,476

AlexandertheGreat(Macedonia),50,96,97〃z,138

Indiaand,75,77

AlexisRomanov(Russia),330,338

Algebra,Arabic,163

Algeria,458,515,516,602

Franceand,462,601

Algeria(continued)

Islamicfundamentalismand,606,607

mosquein,

Ali(Muhammad'sson-in-law),160

Allah,149,150,157,169

Alliances,400

aftercoldwar,660

inEurope,311

Japanese,484

inlate1800sthrough1914,399,400

trade,322

WorldWarIand,488,489

WorldWarIIand,512,514,539

Allies,againstNapoleonI,395

Allies(WorldWar1),509

Alphabet

Olmec,118

Phoenician,33,95

fromrivervalleycivilizations,32

Slavic,195

Sumerian,21

AlQaeda,518,612

Amazonbasin,622

AmericanIndians

civilizationsof,246

consequencesofmistreatmentof,302

cultureof,254

diseasesamong,253

Europeanintermarriagewith,296

ashunter-gatherers,12

identityof,375

inLatinAmerica,294,299/；437,440,447,452,616,620,622,624,632

legaciesof,255

namingof,280

inNorthAmerica,254

originsof,10

aspresidentofBolivia,626

religioninLatinAmericaand,293

roleinLatinAmericanandNorthAmericancultures,299

Spainand,290,291

traditionsof,254

AmericanRevolution,394,430

Americas,118.Seealsospecificregionsandcountries

Africanpopulationsand,268

agriculturein,12

AmericanIndianlegaciesin,255

Calholic-Prolestantrivalryin,312

civilizationsin,246-255

consequencesofslaveryand,302

inearlymodemperiod,268

Europeand,269,278-284

globalcontactsand,146,274

humanmigrationto,3,9

humanoriginsin,10

isolationofcivilizationsin,253

Mayasin,248-250

namingof,280

inSevenYearsWar,274-275

beforeSpanish,247/n

inworldeconomy,301

Analects(Confucius),61,231

Anarchists,inRussia,475-476

Anatolia,Ottomansin,344

Ancestorworship

inAfrica,182

inChina,30,58

Andesregion,118,246,444,447

elementsofancientcivilizationsin,254

Incasin,252

miningin,294

Spainand,290

AngkorWat,Cambodia,177,178f

Anglicanchurch,308,309,313

Angola,288,424,639

slavetradeand,288

SovietUnionand,641-642

Animals

inAmericas,118,301

inBrazil,454

domesticationof,9,11

innomadicsocieties,38

Animism,inAfrica,649

Ankara,Turkey,596

Annexation,ofHawaii,432

Anthony,SusanB.H,528/

Anti-Semitism.SeealsoJewsandJudaism

inNaziGermany,512

inSovietUnion,545

Anti-slaverymovement,386.SeealsoSlavesandslavery

Anxieties,beforeWorldWarI,490

Apartheid,inSouthAfrica,642-643

Appeasement,ofHitler,512

Apprenticeships,222

Aquinas.SeeThomasAquinas

Arabempire,126

Arabia

Kushitetradewith,33

nomadsin,38

ArabianPeninsula

coloniesin,414

rebellionsagainstOttomansin,458

Arabiclanguage,151

Arabicnumerals,Indianoriginsof,87

ArabLeague,602

Arabnomads,42

Arabsocialism,604

Arabworld,140,141,600m.SeealsoIslam;MiddleEast

Byzantineempireand,195,207

Chinaand,226,228

cultureof,348

Europeantradewith,220

Ghanaand,184

independencein,601

Indiaand,121

intellectualthoughtin,160-164

interregionalcontactsand,266

Islamicscholarshipand,348

Israeland,599,601-602

lossofpowerin,154,258,264

nationalismin,461,492,596,598-601,603

nomadichospitalityand,43

non-Arabsin,165

Ottomanempireand,344

Sassanidoverthrowand,126

textsfrom,215

tradewithsoutheastAsiaand,178

afterWorldWarI,596,597m

Architecture

baroque,316

inChina,232

Christian,134

classicalimpacton,113

Doric,107/

Egyptian,25

Greek,95,108

Hindu,175

inIndia,353-354

Japanese,567

inLatinAmerica,293,295/；449,626

medieval,216,217/

Mediterranean,107

inMiddleEast,160-161,610

modern,216,523-524

in19lhcentury,403

inRussia,203,337-338,338/；545

inUnitedStates,432

ofziggurats,22

Argentina,293,435,442,443,444,446

economyof,626,629,669

Europeanatmospherein,447

exportsof,451

FalklandIslandsand,626

independencein,440-441

literacyin,449

militaryin,622,623

Peronin,622

prehistoricartin,3f

Rosasin,449

Aristocracy.SeealsoNobility

inChina,54,67

ineasternEurope,204

inEurope,212-213

inFrance,395

inGreece,l(X)

inindustrialsociety,406

inJapan,238,480,482

inKorea,237

medieval,223

monarchicpowerand,313

Protestantismand,313

inRussia,340

inSparta,95

Westernimperialismand,416

Aristotle,105,167-168,215

Armada(Spain),Englishbattlewith,282

Armedforces.SeealsoMilitary;Soldiers

Akkadian,23

inArgentina,440-441

inChina,30

inEurope,212

inFrance,395

inIndia,171-172,419f

inLatinAmerica,455

Muslim,149-150

Ottoman,347

inpeacetime,399

Persiantroopmovementand,94

Roman,99

inSonghai,186

standingarmyand,312

Armenians,inAzerbaijan,662

Armsraces.WorldWarIand,489

Art(s)

inAfrica,190,191,645,646-649,648/

fromBenin,186-187,187/

inChina,30/；64-65,65t231-232,365/；571

Christian,133/1

inclassicalcivilization,107-108

communitiesof,406

ineasternEurope,478

inEgypt,25,26,26f,34f

flamboyantgothic,224

globalinfluenceson,405,667

inIndia,87-88,87/；90,172,179,353,358,591

Islamand,150,150/：157,160-163,161/168,610

inItalianRenaissance,305-307

inJapan,238,241-242,372,480,567

inLatinAmerica,293-294,449-450,626-627,627/

Maya,249

medieval,216-218,216/；217f

inMesopotamia,21,26

modern,406

in19thcentury,403,405,405f

nomadic,39

prehistoricinArgentina,3f

Renaissanceand,315-316,318f

romanticismin,396

inRussia,203-204,337-338,541-542

secularismin,524

socialistrealismin,544,545/

Sumerian,21

Turkish,34”

in20thcentury,522-524,523f

Artha(Hindugoals),83

Artisans

inChina,68-70

inEurope,323

guildsof,222

Indian,172

industrializationand,394,406

inMiddleEast,165

ArtofWar,The(Sunzi),60

Aryabhatta(Indianastronomer),87

Aryans

inIndia,75

societyof,76

Ashantipeople,424

Ashoka(MauryanIndia),78,78/；80,86

Asia.SeealsoCentralAsia;SoutheastAsia;specificcountriesandregions

Buddhismin,85-86

Byzantinetradewith,197

Catholic-Protestantrivalryin,312

decolonizationin,582w

inearlymodernperiod,279

emigrationtoindustrialcentersin,496

empiresin,357-358

Europeand,264,376,417-422

Hinduismin,85

humansin,9

Hunsin,37

imperialismin,427

Indiaand,75,90

landbridgetoAmericasfrom,3,9

migrationfrom,446,506,666

Mongolinvasionsin,258-262,259,??

Muslimsin,154

nomadsfrom,118

Russiaand,333/n,334,339

technologyin,278

Westand,260,360

WorldWarIand,488

WorldWarIIin,559—560,560m

Assassinations.Seespecificindividuals

Assemblies.SeealsoCouncils;Parliament

inBritishNorthAmerica,298

inGreece,100

inRome,101

Assemblyline,432,525

AssyriaandAssyrians,24,32,33,94

Astrolabe,282

Astronomy,318,521

Chinese,30,65,232

Indian,87

Islamic,163

Ptolemyand,106

Sumerian,22

Aswandam,610

Ataturk(MustafaKemal),596-598

Athens,95

city-statein,100

coloniesof,110

Doricarchitecturein,107/

farmersin,109-110

inPeloponnesianWars,96

Periclesin,96

philosophersin,105

Athletics.SeealsoSports

Greek,95

Roman,109

AtlanticOceanregion

explorationin,279

slavetradein,286-288

tradein,269,302

Atomicbombs,521,539

ofSovietUnion,515

inWorldWarII,559/；560

Atoms,521

Augustine(Saint),126,131-132,214

AugustusCaesar(Rome),97,102

Aurangzeb(MughalIndia),354

Austen,Jane,403

Australia,414,430,436,589

Dutchand,283

inearlymodernperiod,268

humanmovementto,3

independenceof,488

nationalcharacteristicsof,435

assettlercolony,433

votingrightsforwomenin,487

Westernsocietyin,427

Austria,395,399

annexationbyHitler,512

Habsburgfamilyin,311

Polandand,334

revolutionin(1848),396

right-winggovernmentin,662

warsof,311

WorldWarIand,489

Austria-Hungary,398,489

Authoritarianism,518

inAfrica,640-641,644,657

inChina,563,570,573

ineasternEurope,201,479

inJapan,558

inLatinAmerica,623-624

inMexico,619

inMiddleEast,604

inPacificRim,569

inRussia,342,472,541

insoutheastAsia,576,584,585

inTurkey,597

Autocracy,inRussia,330,341,475

Automation,inmanufacturing,525

Automobiles,in20thcentury,524-525

Averroes.SeeIbnRushd(Averroes)

Avianflu,673

Axum,kingdomof,116,117/n,131

Ayatollahs,inPersia,160

Azerbaijan,ethnicconflictin,662

Azores,264,280

Aztecempire,250-252,250/??

carvingby,252f

Spainand,252,290,291

Azuela,Mariano,627

B

Babur(MughalIndia),350,351

Babyboom(late1940s-early1960s),527

Babylonians,23-24

Bacon,Francis,320

Bacon,Roger,215

Bactria,51,77,96

Baghdad,153

Bakunin,Mikhail,475-476

Balanceofpower

Westernimperialismand,427

afterWorldWar11,515

Balanceoftrade

China-U.S.,655

economiccrisesand,669-670

Balkanregion,193

Byzantineempireand,195

conversiontoIslamin,346

nationalismin,459

Ottomanempirein,343

Turkishcontrolof,258

WorldWarIIand,512

Ballet,inRussia,337—338,545

Balticregion

nationalistsin,549

Russiaand,330,334

Balzac,Honorede,403

Bangladesh,576,588

Banksandbanking

inArabworld,165

GreatDepressionand,511

inJapan,371

inmedievalEurope,221

Bantupeoples

artsand,190

migrationsby,182,187-188,289

insouthernAfrica,424

BanZhao(Chinesescholar),69,69/

Baptism,132

Barbarians,Mongolsas,260,361

Baroquearchitecture,316

inLatinAmerica,293,295/

Baseball,inJapan,386

BasilII(Byzantineempire),195

Basketmaking,12

Basques,518,671

Batista,Fulgencio,623,624

Battles.Seespecificbattlesandwars

Bazaars,inMiddleEast,164

B.C.,9n

B.C.E.,9/2

Beauvoir,Simonede,527,527f

Behavior

Confucianismon,61-63

cultureand,14,31

Islamicpunishmentand,158-159

Beijing

democraticdemonstrationin(1989),658

Mingseizureof,361

Belarus,autocracyin,552

Belgium

Congoand,424,635,639,650

revolutionin(1830),396

WorldWarIand,489

Beliefsystems.SeealsoReligion(s);Theology

inChina,71

comparative,88

inMediterraneanregion,109

BeloHorizante,Brazil,625f

BenedictineRule,133

Bengal,Englandand,356

Benin,kingdomof,186-187,187/1

Beowulf,216

Berbers,Arabsand,151

Berlin

1848revolutionin,397f

airliftin,515

BernardofClairvaux»215

BhagavadGita,84

Bible

Christian,131

floodin,31

Sumerianimpacton,22

“Bigmen,“inAfricangovernments,191

BillofRights(U.S.),397

Biology,317,320,404,521

inSovietUnion,546

Birthcontrol

inIndia,590-591

inJapan,566

inLatinAmerica,631

Birthcontrol(continued)

in19thcentury,408

insub-SaharanAfrica,650,651

in20lhcentury,529

BirthofVenus(Botticelli),307f

Birthrates

inagriculturalsocieties,28

inChina,365

inLatinAmerica,630

in19thcentury,408

inSovietUnion,536,547

in20thcentury,527-528

Bishops,131,132,208

Bismarck,Ottovon,398

BlackDeath,223,262

“BlackHole”(Calcutta),356

BlackSea

Muslimtradein,165

inOttomanempire,346

Blastfurnaces,389

Blockade,ofWestBerlin,515

Boccaccio,Giovanni,305-306

Bodhisattvas,127-128,129

Boers,288,424,637

BoerWar,424,642

Bohemia,205

heresiesin,224

Bolivar,Simon,440,441,441/442

Bolivia,118,255,442,444,447,616,622,626,632

agrarianreformin,622

AmericanIndiansin,447

exportsof,451

Incasin,252

revoltsin,454

Spainand,290

“Bollywood,”591,593

Bolshev汰s,534,535,536,537

Bombay.SeeMumbai

Borderregion,betweenRussiaandWest,205

Borneo,177

Bosnia,549-550,662

Herzegovinaand,549,663,663m

Botswana,650

Botticelli,Sandro,307/,

Boundaries

Africandisputesover,641

ofChina,262

inLatinAmerica,451

ofRussia,330

SovietandEastEuropean,538,539m

BoxerRebellion(China),468

Boyars(Russiannobles),204,330,336

Boys.SeealsoMen

Ottoman,348

Boysoldiers,645

Brahmincaste(India),76,77,80,81,172

behaviorby,88

Buddhismand,86

epicstoryfrom,8"

religionand,83

ritualsof,84

Brahminism,Hinduismas,83

Brain,human,6

Brasilia,626

Brazil,435,443,444,446,620,622,624,628,632

coffeefrom,451,454

computerindustryin,630

dictatorshipin,621-622

economiccrisisin,669

Europeanatmospherein,447

Franciscanmissioncloisterin,294f

independencein,442-443

Portugaland,280,282

rainforestin,672

slaveryin,446

“Breadandcircuses,vinRome,103

Bretons,662

Britain.SeealsoEngland(Britain)

RomanEmpireand,97

BritishCommonwealth,589,642

Australiain,433

Canadain,432

NewZealandin,433

BritishEastIndiaCompany,284,417

Calcuttastationof,356

OpiumWarand,46勺’

Britishempire,414-415

Bronze,21,29

BronzeAge,It,16

Bubonicplague,223,262

inChina,261

Budapest,revoltin,540f

Buddha,77,85/；86

Buddhism,77,83,88,116,567,654

Ashokaand,80

inBurma,577

inCambodia,177

inChina,51,70,129/；138,177,231

Daoismand,64

expansionof,127-130,170-171

Hellenisticworldand,109

inIndia,78,80,85-86,85/；121,172,175

influenceof,90

inJapan,177,242,243,484

inKorea,237

insoutheastAsia,177-178

inThailand,177

asworldreligion,130,134

BuenosAires,440,447,450/；62\f

Bulgaria,459,478

Byzantineempireand,195

liberalizationin,549

reformsin,549

Sovietpoliticalsystemin,538

Turksin,662

Bureaucracy

Abbasid,155

inChina,57,58,67,119-120,228,234,361,362-363,467,570

inFranceandEngland,212

inJapan,239,371

ofmodernWesternstate,401

Mughal,352

Ottoman,347,349

recruitmentfor,403

inRussia,202,331,336

inSovietUnion,543-544

Bureaucratization,of20thcenturysociety,530

Burials,inEgypt,25,34f

Burma,414,559,577,594

Buddhismin,171

globalizationand,664

imperialismin,417

independencein,583

isolationof,585

nationalismin,581

Burton,H.M.,162/,

Business.SeealsoMultinationalcorporations

globalizationin,665-666

inJapan,367,483,557,565,567

inRussia,475

Western,inChina,465

afterWorldWarI,491

Byzantine,useofterm,193,202

Byzantineempire,126,192-193,196w

easternRomanEmpireas,125-126

KievanRussiaand,199-200

Muslimsand,151

Ottomansand,344

powerin,201-202

Russiaand,205

Turksand,197-198,258

Byzantium,193.SeealsoByzantineempire

as“thirdRome,”329

C

Caesar,Julius(Rome),96-97,102,102/,

Calculus,319

Calcutta,Britishin,356

Calendar

inJapan,238,483

ofMayas,248-249

California,444

Caliph

AbuBakras,149

governmentsunder,154-157

sultanas,346

Caliphate

Abbasid,155-156

governmentunder,151-153

Islamic,151

Mongolsand,154

territoryruledby,151,155nl

Calligraphy,65

fromQur,an,161/

Calvin,Jean,308,316

Calvinism,308

Cambodia,414,583,585

AngkorWatin,177,178/

Khmersin,177

Camels

inAfrica,183

inArabia,38

nomadusesof,38,38/

Cameroon,brasssculpturesfrom,648f

Canada,274,275,427,430,589

Franceand,282-283,297

NAFTAand,625,660

nationalcharacteristicsof,435

assettlersociety,432-433

UnitedStatesand,436

welfarestatein,516

Canals

inChina,233

inPanama,386,446,625-626

Suez,386

CanaryIslands,264

Cannons,260,350

inChina,364

inEurope,214

inJapan,368

CanterburyTales(Chaucer),216

Canton(Guangzhou),557

CapeColony,424

CapeofGoodHope,280,288

Capital(financial)

forindustrialization,389,390

inRussia,474-475

Capitalism,322

inChina,364

commercial,301

inwesternEurope,221,222

Caracas,Venezuela,631/

Caravans

inAfrica,183

Indian-Chinese,90

Cardenas,Lazaro,621

Caribbeanregion

Catholicmissionariesin,274

emigrationtoUnitedStatesfrom,617

Europeanempiresin,269

immigrantlaborin,379

independencein,625-626

slaveryin,439-440

Carolingians,209

Carpets

Persian,164

Turkish,460

Carranza,Venustiano(Mexico),619

Carter,Jimmy,658

Carthage,96

Cash-cropsystem,inAfrica,636,650

CaspianSea,Muslimtradein,165

Castesystem(India),76,81,88,91,172,174,590

inBritishIndia,419,420

incontemporaryperiod,92

conversiontoIslamand,175

Gandhiand,579,580

Sikhsand,354

Castro,Fidel,623

Catalans,662

Cathedrals,inLatinAmerica,293

CatherinetheGreat(Russia),332-334,332/；340

Catholicchurch.SeeRomanCatholicism

CatholicReformation,304,309

Caudillismo,448,449,620,621,622,624

Cavalry,inEurope,214

Cavepaintings,2f,8

Cavour,Camillodi(Count),398

QatalHtiyuk,15,18

C.E.,9n

CeretetSorgues(ViolinandGrapes)(Picasso),523/

Cearcy,Michele,528/

Cellphones,497,665

Celticpeoples,118

Censorship

inRussia,476

inSovietUnion,545-546

CentralAfrica

civilwarsin,664

ethnicconflictsin,663-664

CentralAmerica,290

civilizationsin,18,118,254

democracyin,657

independencein,442

Mayasin,248-250

Olmecsin,248

UnitedStatesand,432,446,626

CentralAsia

Chinaand,56,227,362

democracyin,657

nomadsin,43,119

Russiaand,334,335

CentralEurope,absolutemonarchiesin,311

Centralization.SeealsoGovernment(s);specificcountries

inChina,58,70-71,362,365

inJapan,368,369

inPersia,95

inRussia,332

Centralplanning.SeealsoEconomicplanning

inSovietUnion,548

Ceramics.SeealsoPottery

MediteiTanean,107

Ceremonies

inChina,61

inHinduism,84

bymedievalnobility,223

Cervantes,Miguelde,308

Ceylon.SeeSriLanka(Ceylon)

ChabiKhan(Mongols),261

ChacoWar(1932-1935),616

Chadrichi,Kamil,599

Chadur(veil),607

Chandragupta(MauryanIndia),77-78,80

Chariots,Indo-European,37

Charity

ineasternChristianity,202

Islamic,157

Sufisand,168

Charlemagne

empireof,209,210m

intellectualthoughtand,214

CharlesI(England),312

CharlesMartel,151,209

Chaucer,Geoffrey,216

Chauvinism,imperialismand,416-417

Chavez,Hugo,626

Chechnya,conflictin,552,662

Chemistry,317,320,403

inChina,232

inIndia,90

industrializationand,390

ChiangKai-shek.SeeJiangJieshi(ChiangKai-shek)

Chicago,skyscrapersin,432

ChichenItza,248,250

Childbearing,inRome,123-124

Childbrides,inIndia,89

Childcare,in20thcentury,529

Childlabor,2,269,408

Childmarriage,inIndia,352,417

Childrearing

inindustrialsociety,407

inJapan,568

inSovietUnion,547

Children.SeealsoChildlabor

inAfrica,189

inChina,70

Enlightenmenton,320

infamilyenvironment,325

inIndia,89,173

individualismand,530

inindustrialsociety,408

inJapan,568

Maya,249

inMediterraneanregion,112

namingof,321

assoldiersinAfrica,641,645

inSovietUnion,547

in20thcentuiy,529

women'srolesand,14-15

Chile,442,444,446,620,626

authoritariandictatorshipin,624

exportsof,630

GreatDepressionand,622

Incasand,252

independencein,441

Marxist-ledcoalitionin,623-624

China,72,115,490,555.Seealsospecificdynasties

Americanfoodsin,274,285

authoritarianismin,563

beliefsystemsin,88

Buddhismin,86,128-130,138,177,231-232

Christianmissionariesin,376

citiesin,496

civilizationof,18,21,70-72,226-227

civilwarin,561-562

classicalperiodin,50,51,53-72

collectivizationin,562

communismin,558,559,561-562,570-573

conditionsleadingtorevolution,469

Confuciantraditionin,466

constitutionin,557-558

CulturalRevolutionin,563,564,572,573

cultureof,32-33,61-66,227-233,244,364-365,574

declinein,119-122

destructionofrailwayin,492

dynastiesafterMongolrule,361-364

inearlymodernperiod,279

economyin,67-70,233-234

emigrationfrom,465

expansionby,56-57

explorationby,262-263,265

familiesin,571

foreignersand,467,573-574

globalcontactsand,360

governmentin,70-71

GreatWallin,51m

gunpowderfrom,350

Guomindangin,557-558,561

Huanghecivilizationin,29-30

humansin,9

Huninvasionsof,37

identityin,46,137-138,376

immigrantsfrom,379

imperialismand,456-457,463-469

Indiaand,70-72,90,589,593

industrializationin,572-573,672

invasionsof,230

isolationin,373

Japanand,118,237-238,240,369,468,484,558-559,561

KoreanWarand,562

Legalismin,63

linkswithclassicalperiodin,54

manufacturingin,373

market-basedeconomyin,573,664

Mingdynastyin,262,361-362

modernizationof,468

Mongolsand,227,258-262

mythicoriginsof,29

nationalismin,492,670

in19thcentury,466,467/w

nomadsin,41-42,118

OpiumWarin,464,464f

plaguein,262

politicaldivisionsof,230m

politicsin,58-60,227-233

Qindynastyin,55-56

Qingdynastyin,362-363

religionin,61-66

repressionin(1989),658

republicanmovementin,556

republicin,556-557

revivalin6thcentury,121

revolutionsin,488,490,556,557,564

Russiaand,334,468,477

sciencesin,65,319

silverimportsby,361

societyin,70,234-237,570-572

SovietUnionand,539,562-563

Suidynastyin,227-228

TaipingRebellionin,464,465-466,492

Taiwanacquiredby,362

technologyin,227

tradeand,67,145,177,226,274,361,376

treatiesforWesternleasesin,468

UnitedStatesand,655

urbanculturein,235,236f

Vietnamand,237,585

warin,60

warlordsin,557,558,559

Westand,366,556,557

womenin,129-130,235-236,557,572

China(continued)

Xiongnupeoplein,57

zeropopulationgrowthpolicyin,572

Zhoudynastyin,32,47

China(porcelain),361

Chinesepeople

inIndonesia,585

Malaysiaand,584-585

Chinggis(Genghis)Khan(Mongols),258

Chivalry,223

Christ.SeealsoChristianity;JesusofNazareth

originsofterm,131

Christianity,127,654.SeealsoEasternOrthodoxChristianity

inAfrica,424,426,647-649

AmericanIndiantraditionsand,255

beliefsof,132-133

inChina,363,464,46V

ofConstantine,97

Crusadesand,153,211

divisionof,311

expansionof