gmat语法基础课名词性从句

名词性从句金栩竹一、准确判断是名词性从句还是定语从句二、识别出到底是哪类名词性从句授课目标目录一、名词性从句的定义二、名词性从句的分类名词性从句是在句子中起名词作用的句子。

名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，

它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句定义作句子主语的从句就叫主语从句，主语从句通常同that,whether,if,what,who,whom,whatever,whoever以及how,when,where,why等词引导。主语从句that引导主语从句时，that没有意义，但不能省略。Thatsheisarichwomanisknowntousall.由that引导的主语从句，it作形式主语，that不能省略。Itisknowntousallthatsheisarichwoman.Itworriedherabitthatherhairwasturninggray.that引导的主语从句what的意思是“所…的事、物”，相当于thething(s)that…,thatwhich…,或thosewhich.Whatshesawfrightenedher.Whatwasonceregardedasimpossiblehasnoteareality.what引导的主语从句Fromstudiesofthebonyhouseofthebrain,whichisthecranium,locatedinthebackoftheskull,comewhatscientistsknowaboutdinosaurbrains.

(A)Fromstudiesofthebonyhouseofthebrain,whichisthecranium,locatedinthebackoftheskull,comewhatscientistsknowaboutdinosaurbrains.(B)Theknowledgethatscientistsknowaboutdinosaurbrainscomesfromstudiesofthebonyhouseofthebrain,locatedinthebackoftheskull,thatis,thecranium.(C)Theknowledgeofdinosaurbrainsthatscientistshavecomefromstudiesofthebonyhouseofthebrain,whichislocatedinthebackoftheskullandiscalledthecranium.(D)Whatscientistsknowaboutdinosaurbrainscomesfromstudiesofthecranium,thebonyhouseofthebrainlocatedinthebackoftheskull.(E)Locatedinthebackoftheskullisthecranium,thebonyhouseofthebrain,anditisfromstudiesofthisthatscientistsknowwhattheyknowaboutdinosaurbrains.例1Whether引导主语从句语义是是否。Whetherthey’resafeisunknown.whether引导的主语从句Itisunclearwhetherchimpanzeesareuniqueamongnonhumanspeciesintheirabilitytolearnbehaviorsfromoneanother,orif,whenotheranimalsarestudiedinasmuchdepth,similarpatternswouldbefound.

(A)if,whenotheranimalsarestudiedinasmuchdepth,similarpatternswouldbefound(B)ifotheranimalswerestudiedwithasmuchdepththeywouldexhibitsimilarpatterns(C)wouldsimilarpatternsbefoundinotheranimalsiftheywerestudiedinasmuchdepth(D)whethersimilarpatternswouldbeexhibitedinotheranimalsthatwerestudiedwithasmuchdepth(E)whetherotheranimalswouldexhibitsimilarpatternsiftheywerestudiedinasmuchdepth例2在谓语动词、介词、动词不定式、分词、动名词之后都可以带有宾语从句，某些形容词如sure,happy,glad,certain,pleased等之后也可以带有宾语从句。宾语从句Jamessaidthathewasfeelingbetter.如果从句作宾语而后面还有宾语补足语，为了保持句子的平衡，用it作形式宾语，而讲宾语从句放在句尾。常跟这样的复合宾语的动词有make,find,see,hear,feel,think,consider,regard,take…forgranted等。Georgemadeitclearthatheopposedthisproject.Itookitforgrantedthatyou’dstaywithus.that引导的宾语从句Arecentstudyhasfoundamoxicillin,longastandardtreatmentforearinfections,asbeingaboutaseffectiveasnewer,moreexpensiveantibioticsandcausingfewersideeffects.

(A)amoxicillin,longastandardtreatmentforearinfections,asbeingaboutaseffectiveasnewer,moreexpensiveantibioticsandcausing(B)amoxicillin,longastandardtreatmentforearinfections,tobeaboutaseffectivecomparedtonewer,moreexpensiveantibioticsandwith(C)amoxicillin,longastandardtreatmentforearinfections,tobeaboutaseffectiveasnewer,moreexpensiveantibioticsandthatitcauses(D)thatamoxicillin,longastandardtreatmentforearinfections,isaboutaseffectiveasnewer,moreexpensiveantibioticsandcauses(E)thatamoxicillin,longastandardtreatmentforearinfections,isaboutaseffectivecomparedtonewer,moreexpensiveantibioticsandwith例3Letmeknowwhetheryoucancomeornot.IwonderwhetherthenewswillcomeHewasnotsurewhetherheisrightorwrong.whether引导的宾语从句DiscussionofgreenhouseeffectshaveusuallyhadasafocusthepossibilityofEarthgrowingwarmerandtowhatextentitmight,butclimatologistshaveindicatedallalongthatprecipitation,storminess,andtemperatureextremesarelikelytohavethegreatestimpactonpeople.

(A)DiscussionofgreenhouseeffectshaveusuallyhadasafocusthepossibilityofEarthgrowingwarmerandtowhatextentitmight,(B)DiscussionofgreenhouseeffectshasusuallyhadasitsfocuswhetherEarthwouldgetwarmerandwhattheextentwouldbe,(C)DiscussionofgreenhouseeffectshasusuallyfocusedonwhetherEarthwouldgrowwarmerandtowhatextent,(D)ThediscussionofgreenhouseeffectshaveusuallyfocusedonthepossibilityofEarthgettingwarmerandtowhatextentitmight,(E)ThediscussionofgreenhouseeffectshasusuallyfocusedonwhetherEarthwouldgrowwarmerandtheextentthatis,例4what引导宾语从句，包括介词宾语。Asafriendofyours,IwanttotellyouwhatIhear.Thecityisdifferentfromwhatitwastenyearsago.Philipwasdepressedbywhathehadgonethrough.Carnivorousmammalscanendurewhatwouldotherwisebelethallevelsofbodyheatbecausetheyhaveaheat-exchangenetworkthatkeepsthebrainfromgettingtoohot.what引导的宾语从句ResearchersinGermanyhaveunearthed400,000-year-oldwoodenspearsfromwhatitappearswasanancientlakeshorehuntinggroundasstunningevidenceofhumanancestorswhosystematicallyhuntedbiggamemuchearlierthanbelieved.

(A)itappearswasanancientlakeshorehuntinggroundasstunningevidenceofhumanancestorswho(B)itappearshadbeenanancientlakeshorehuntinggroundandisstunningevidencethathumanancestors(C)itappearstohavebeenanancientlakeshorehuntinggroundandisstunningevidencethathumanancestors(D)appearstobeanancientlakeshorehuntingground,stunningevidencethathumanancestors(E)appearsthatitisanancientlakeshorehuntingground,stunningevidenceofhumanancestorswho例5Recentbreakthroughsintechnologyhavemadeitpossiblethathigh-definitiondigitalvideocamerasareabletocapturematerialwithadegreeoffidelitythatnearlycomparesto35-millimeterfilmandtoprojectitdigitallyintheaterswithnoresultinglossofimagequality.

(A)itpossiblethathigh-definitiondigitalvideocamerasareabletocapturematerialwithadegreeoffidelitythatnearlycomparesto(B)itpossibletohavehigh-definitiondigitalvideocamerasthatcancapturematerialatadegreeoffidelityalmostlikethatwith(C)itpossibleforhigh-definitiondigitalvideocamerastocapturematerialwithadegreeoffidelitynearlycomparabletothatof(D)possiblehigh-definitiondigitalvideocamerasthatcancapturematerialatadegreeoffidelityalmostlike(E)possiblehigh-definitiondigitalvideocamerasabletocapturematerialwithadegreeoffidelitythatnearlycomparestothatwith例6名词性从句在be等系动词后作表语时被称为表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be,seem,look等。其基本结构为：主语+系动词+that从句。表语从句Aproposalhasbeenmadetotrimthehornsfromrhinocerosestodiscouragepoachers;thequestioniswhethertouristswillcontinuetovisitgameparksandseerhinocerosesaftertheirhornsaretrimmed.

(A)whethertouristswillcontinuetovisitgameparksandseerhinocerosesaftertheirhornsare(B)whethertouristswillcontinuetovisitgameparkstoseeoneoncetheirhornsare(C)whethertouristswillcontinuetovisitgameparkstoseerhinocerosesoncetheanimals’hornshavebeen(D)iftouristswillcontinuetovisitgameparksandseerhinocerosesoncetheanimals’hornsare(E)iftouristswillcontinuetovisitgameparkstoseeoneaftertheanimals’hornshavebeen例7ResultsofaUnitedStatesstudypublishedintheAnnalsofInternalMedicinehaveshowncollege-educatedwomenandwomenlivingintheSouthandWesttobesignificantlymorelikelytobeusingsupplementalhormonesaswomenlivingintheNortheastandMidwest.

(A)college-educatedwomenandwomenlivingintheSouthandWesttobesignificantlymorelikelytobeusingsupplementalhormonesaswomenliving(B)college-educatedwomenandwomenlivingintheSouthandWestassignificantlymorelikelytousesupplementalhormonesthaniftheyareliving(C)college-educatedwomenandthoselivingintheSouthandWestbeingsignificantlymorelikelytousesupplementalhormonesthaniftheylived(D)thatcollege-educatedwomenandwomenwholiveintheSouthandWestaresignificantlymorelikelytobeusingsupplementalhormonesaswerewomenthatlived(E)thatcollege-educatedwomenandwomenlivingintheSouthandWestaresignificantlymorelikelytousesupplementalhormonesthanwomenliving例8Byrecordingthenoiseofcrinkledwrappersastheywereslowlystretchedoutinanotherwisesilentchamber,andthendigitizingandanalyzingthesoundemissionsoncomputers,ateamofscientistsfoundthenoisenotcontinuousbutconsistedofindividualburstsorpopsjustthousandthsofasecondlong.

(A)digitizingandanalyzingthesoundemissionsoncomputers,ateamofscientistsfoundthenoisenot(B)digitizingandanalyzingthesoundemissionsoncomputers,ateamofscientistsfoundthatthenoisewasnot(C)digitizingandanalyzingthesoundemissionsoncomputers,ateamofscientistsfoundthenoisenottobe(D)thesoundemissionsweredigitizedandanalyzedoncomputers,ateamofscientistsfoundthatthenoisewasnot(E)thesoundemissionsweredigitizedandanalyzedoncomputers,ateamofscientistsfoundthenoisenottobe例9Datagatheredbyweathersatelliteshasbeenanalyzedbyscientists,reportingthattheEarth'snorthernlatitudeshaveeabouttenpercentgreenersince1980,duetomorevigorousplantgrowthassociatedwithwarmertemperaturesandhigherlevelsofatmosphericcarbondioxide.

(A)Datagatheredbyweathersatelliteshasbeenanalyzedbyscientists,reportingthattheEarth'snorthernlatitudeshave(B)Datagatheredbyweathersatelliteshasbeenanalyzedbyscientists,andtheyreporttheEarth'snorthernlatitudesashaving(C)Afteranalyzingdatagatheredbyweathersatellites,scientistsreportthattheEarth'snorthernlatitudeshave(D)Afteranalysisofdata,gatheredbyweathersatellites,scientistsreporttheEarth'snorthernlatitudesashaving(E)Afterdatagatheredbyweathersatelliteswasanalyzedbyscientists,whoreportthattheEarth'snorthernlatitudeshave例10TheBritishsociologistandactivistBarbaraWoottononcenotedasahumorousexampleofemaldistributionthattheelephantthatgaveridestochildrenattheWhipsnadeZoowasearningannuallyexactlywhatshethenearnedasdirectorofadulteducationforLondon.

(A)thattheelephantthatgaveridestochildrenattheWhipsnadeZoowasearning(B)thattheelephant,givingridestochildrenattheWhipsnadeZoo,hadbeenearning(C)thattherewasanelephantgivingridestochildrenattheWhipsnadeZoo,anditearned(D)theelephantthatgaveridestochildrenattheWhipsnadeZooandwasearning(E)theelephantgivingridestochildrenattheWhipsnadeZooandthatitearned例11TheperiodwhenthegreatpaintedcavesatLascauxandAltamirawereoccupiedbyUpperPaleolithicpeopleshasbeenestablishedbycarbondating,butwhatismuchmoredifficulttodeterminearetheusetowhichprimitivepeoplesputthecaves,thereasonfortheirdecoration,andthemeaningofthemagnificentlydepictedanimals.

(A)hasbeenestablishedbycarbondating,butwhatismuchmoredifficulttodetermineare(B)havebeenestablishedbycarbondating,butwhatismuchmoredifficulttodetermineare(C)havebeenestablishedbycarbondating,butthatwhichismuchmoredifficulttodetermineis(D)hasbeenestablishedbycarbondating,butwhatismuchmoredifficulttodetermineis(E)areestablishedbycarbondating,butthatwhichismuchmoredifficulttodetermineis例12Duetopoachingandincreasedcultivationintheirnativehabitats,researchershavedeterminedthattherearefewerthan100Arabianleopardsleftinthewild,andthattheseleopardsarethusmanytimesasrareasChina'sgiantpandas.

(A)Duetopoachingandincreasedcultivationintheirnativehabitats,researchershavedeterminedthattherearefewerthan100Arabianleopardsleftinthewild,andthattheseleopardsarethusmanytimesasrareas(B)Duetopoachingandincreasedcultivationintheirnativehabitats,therearefewerthan100Arabianleopardsleftinthewild,researchershavedetermined,makingthemmanytimesmorerarethan(C)Therearefewerthan100Arabianleopardsleftinthewildduetopoachingandincreasedcultivationintheirnativehabitats,researchershavedetermined,whichmakestheleopardsmanytimesmorerarecomparedto(D)Researchershavedeterminedthat,becauseofbeingpoachedandincreasedcultivationintheirnativehabitats,therearefewerthan100Arabianleopardsleftinthewild,thusmakingthemmanymoretimesasrareas(E)Researchershavedeterminedthat,becauseofpoachingandincreasedcultivationintheirnativehabitats,therearefewerthan100Arabianleopardsleftinthewild,andthattheseleopardsarethusmanytimesmorerarethan例13Researchhasshownthatwhenspeaking,individualswhohavebeenblindfrombirthandhavethusneverseenanyonegesturenonethelessmakehandmotionsjustasfrequentlyandinthesamewayassightedpeopledo,andthattheywillgestureevenwhenconversingwithanotherblindperson.

(A)havethusneverseenanyonegesturenonethelessmakehandmotionsjustasfrequentlyandinthesamewayassightedpeopledo,andthat(B)haveth