中考英语语法复习-非谓语动词知识总结+习题

中考语法复习——非谓语动词知识总结+习题考点1动词不定式考点1动词不定式构成：to＋动词原形，有时可省略to，to为不定式符号。其否定形式为：not(＋to)＋动词原形。1．作主语[常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语(动词不定式)置于句末]常用句型结构为“It's＋adj./n.(＋for/ofsb)＋todosth.”。Toasktheteacherforhelpisnecessary.＝Itisnecessarytoasktheteacherforhelp.向老师寻求帮助是必要的。2．作宾语(1)后接不定式作宾语的动词或短语有afford,begin/start,want,try,decide,hope,need,wish,agree,expect,plan,prefer,continue,promise,refuse,learn,remember,forget,(would)like/love等。Ihope__________therebeforedark.我希望天黑以前到那儿。(2)在think,find,make等动词后通常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语(动词不定式)移至形容词之后，构成“主语＋谓语＋it(形式宾语)＋宾语补足语(形容词/名词)＋不定式”结构。Ifounditdifficulttosolvetheproblem.我发现解决这个问题很难。3．作宾语补足语(1)后面能接带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词或短语有tell,ask,allow,want,help,force,expect,advise,wish,teach,warn,invite,wouldlike,encourage等。Theteachertoldus__________Exercise1.老师告诉我们做练习一。(2)一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾语补足语，这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有一感(feel)、二听(hear,listento)、三让(let,make,have)、四看(observe,see,watch,notice)。但这些动词变被动语态时，作宾语补足语的不定式必须补出to。Weoftenhearhersing.我们经常听见她唱歌。→被动语态：Sheisoftenheardtosing.4．作状语常见的状语有目的状语、原因状语、结果状语等。MrLeewillgotoHangzhoutovisittheWestLake.李先生将去杭州参观西湖。(作目的状语)5．作定语动词不定式作定语时，放在被修饰的名词的后面，作后置定语。若不定式结构中的动词是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，则不定式后面要加上适当的介词。Idon'thaveapartnertopractiseEnglishwith.我没有一个一起练习英语的同伴。Ihadtofindaplacetolivein.我不得不找一个住的地方。6．作表语Theirdutyis___________________________theanimals.他们的职责是照看动物。7．“特殊疑问词＋不定式”结构动词不定式可以和what,which,when,where,how等特殊疑问词连用，构成不定式短语，在句中作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等。Hedoesn'tknow________________.他不知道要穿什么。(作宾语)考点2动名词动名词由“动词原形＋­ing”构成，其与现在分词同形。动名词既有动词的性质，也有名词的性质。1．作主语动名词作主语和动词不定式作主语，在很多情况下可以通用。Playing/Toplaycomputergamestoomuchisbadforyoureyes.玩电脑游戏太多对你的眼睛有害。2．作宾语后常接动名词作宾语的动词或短语有enjoy,finish,consider(考虑),miss,keep,mind,practise,suggest,bebusy,feellike,giveup,can'thelp,avoid,beusedto,beworth,beafraidof,beproudof,beinterestedin,can'tstop,keep/stop…from…，lookforwardto,havedifficulty/problems/trouble(in),havefun等。Haveyoufinished__________thebook?你读完这本书了吗？【助记】后接动名词作宾语的动词和短语：完成实践值得忙(finish,practise,beworth,bebusy)继续习惯别放弃(keepon,beusedto,giveup)考虑建议不禁想(consider,suggest,can'thelp,feellike)喜欢思念要介意(enjoy,miss,mind)3.作表语Thenurse'sjobis____________________________thepatients.护士的工作是照顾病人。4．作定语Ioftengotothe______________．我经常去阅览室。考点3分词分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词(v.­ing)有主动、进行之意；过去分词(v.­ed)有被动、完成之意。1．作定语Chinaisa____________country.Americaisa________country.中国是一个发展中国家，美国是一个发达国家。IknowtheboycalledLiMing.我认识那个叫李明的男孩。2．作表语Thebookisinteresting.I'minterestedinit.这本书很有趣，我对它感兴趣。3．作宾语补足语Isawhergoingupstairs.我看见她正在上楼。Iwanttohavesomephotostaken.我想拍几张照片。4．作状语Laughingandtalking,theywentintotheroom.他们有说有笑地走进了房间。5．现在分词与过去分词的区别(1)在语态上，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。therulingclass统治阶级theruledclass被统治阶级(2)在时间上，现在分词表示正在进行的动作，过去分词表示已经完成的动作。therisingsun正在升起的太阳therisensun升高的太阳专项练习()1．—Wow，Wendy，it'scooltomakeashortvideowithyourmobilephone．—JustwithasoftwarecalledMeipai．Letmeshowyou·A．whichtouseB．howtouseitC．whattouseD．wheretouseit()2．Iwastiredout，soIstoppedthecarashortrest．A．haveB．havingC．tohaveD．had()3．—Whatshouldwetakewhengoingbirdwatching?—Weshouldtakeapairofbinocularsthebirdsclearly．A．seeB．seeingC．toseeD．sees()4．IstilllikethosegoodoldsongsIoftenlistenedtomyselfinmysparetime．A．enjoyB．enjoyingC．toenjoyD．enjoyed()5．Martinwassobusytheoldthathegaveuphispart-timejob．A．helpingB．helpedC．tohelpD．help()6．IheardTomwhenIwalkedpasthisroomyesterday．A．singB．singingC．tosingD．sang()7．Thissignisused.touriststostayawayfromthelioninthezoo．A．towarnB．towarningC．tomakeD．tomaking()8．—WhatdoyourememberaboutGrade7?—Irememberaprize．A．towinB．winningC．winD．wining()9．—It'sdifficultformethehomeworkinsuchashorttime．—Comeon!I'msureyoucan．A．finishedB．tofinishC．willfinishD．finishes()10.Alotofpeopledanceonthesquareafterdinner．A．tokeephealthyB．kepthealthyC．keepshealthyD．keephealthy()11．Alanoftengoestotheoldpeople'shomeuptheoldandlookafterthem．A．tocheerB．cheerC．cheers()12．Peoplewhowon'tworkshouldbemade．A．workB．toworkC．working()13．—Hello!Mum．Longtimenosee!—Hello!Mary．Areyoubusythesedays?Iamlookingtowardyourphone．A．toanswerB．answeringC．toansweringD．answer()14．Couldyoupleasetellmenext?A．howtodoB．howtodoitC．whattodoit()15．Sandywenttotheshoppingmallsomeclothesandschoolthings．A．buyB．boughtC．tobuyD．buying()16．It'ssaidthatwe'llhavetoatleastonehourtoShanghai．A．take；flyingB．takes；toflyC．spends；toflyD．spend；flying()17．MyfriendinvitedmetheArtClub，andIaccepteditwithpleasure．A．joinB．tojoinC．joinedD．joining()18．Jimwantstohangoutwithhisfriendsatnight，buthisparentsdon'tallowhimso．A．doB．doesC．todoD．doing()19．—Wouldyoumindnow?It'salreadymidnight．—Sorry，Iwon't．A．notsingingB．nottosingC．don'tsing()20．Mariawouldlikeananimaldoctor．A．beB．beingC．tobe()21．—ThanksformewithmyEnglish．—It'smypleasure．I'mgladyou'vemadesuchgreatprogress．A．helpB．tohelpC．helping()22．Inthisschool，thestudentsareaskedmobilephones．A．nottouseB．notusingC．notuseD．tonotuse()23．—IsJackinthenextroom?—Well，it'shardtosay．ButIheardhimloudlywhenIpassedbyjustnow．A．speakB．tospeakC．spokenD．speaking()24．Don'tforgetittomewhenyoufinishreadingthebook．A．tobringB．bringingC．bring()25．Weadviseparentstheirchildrenathomealoneinordertokeepthemawayfromdanger．A．notleaveB．nottoleaveC．1eaveD．toleave()26．Theworkersweremadefrommorningtonightinthepast．A．workedB．toworkC．workD．working()27．—Chinaisgettingbetterandbetteratmakinghightechnology，products．—That'sright．PeoplearoundtheworldcanhardlyavoidproductsmadeinChina．A．notbuyingB．nottobuyC．tobuyD．buying()28．Atleast300millionpeopleareusingQQbyMaHuatengtochatonline．A．createB．creatC．createdD．creating()29．Janewasshy．ShewouldnotinviteherclassmatesspeakingEnglish．A．practiceB．practicesC．practicingD．topractice()30．Westopped，buttherewasnotanysound．A．tolistenB．1istensC．listenD．listening()31．LiMingusedontherightinChina，buthesoongotusedontheleftinEngland．A．todrive；todriveB．driving；drivingC．todriving；todriveD．todrive；todriving()32．—It'simportantforustoknowallthesubjects．—Yeah，groupworkismyfavourite．A．howtostudyB．whentostudyC．whichtostudyD．whattostudy()33．Hecandowhathecanthechildreninhisneighbourhood．A．helpB．tohelpC．helps()34．—Didyoutalkbacktoyourmotherwhenyouwereachild?—Yes．ButnowIrealizeIwaswrong．Ireallyregretthatsillythingtomymum．A．doB．todoC．doingD．did()35．Suddenlythehousebegantoshake．Hestoppedmusicandrushedout．A．tolistentoB．tolistenC．listeningD．listeningto()36．Sarah，you'dbetterdrinkmorewaterafterforsuchalongtime．A．runB．runsC．torunD．running()37．Whenyouleave，pleaseturnoffthelightsenergy．A．saveB．tosaveC．savingD．saved()38．Thankstotherobots，thehumanreportersdonothavetospendalotoftimenumbersandinformation．A．processingB．toprocessC．processedD．process()39．MrSmithtoldhissonthefootballmatchbecauseoftheexam．A．nottowatchB．tonotwatchC．notwatchingD．doesn'twatch参考答案1．B2．C3．C4．C5．A6．B7．A8．B9．B10．A11．A12．B13．C14．B15．C16．D17．B18．C19．A20．C21．C22．A23．D24．A25．B26．B27．D28．C29．D30．A31．D32．A33．B34．C35．D36．D37．B38．A39．A考点过关训练根据句子意思，用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空1．It'sveryniceofyou________(help)me.2．He'sinterestedin________(play)chess.3．Pleasestop________(smoke).It'sbadforyourhealth.4．Thekidshadfun________(swim)inthewater.5．Shedidn'tknowwhichsweater________(choose)．6．Th