英语：Unit1《Great-scientists》using-language-课件(新人教版必修5)

greatscientistsmovementbackwardspinenthusiasticcautiousrejectuniversen.移动;运动;动作adv.&adj.向后地(的)相反地(的);退步地(的)vt.&vi.(使)旋转;纺(线或纱)adj.热情的;热心的adj.小心的;谨慎的vt.拒绝;丢弃;抛弃n.宇宙;世界Wordspreview(be)strictwithmakesense对……严格的讲得通;有意义Expressionspreviewgravity)IsaacNewtonTheTheoryofRelativityAlbertEinsteinJaneGoodallchimpsJohnSnowcholeraStephenHawking

radiumMadameCurieHybridriceBlackholeDoyouknowwhatisthecenterofthesolarsystem?Canyounametheeightplanetsinthesolarsystem?Warmingup

Mercury

MarsVenusEarthJupiterSaturnUranusNeptuneMercury水星Venus金星Earth地球Mars火星Jupiter木星Saturn土星Uranus天王星Neptune海王星eightplanetsintheSolarSystem:

COPERNICUS’REVOLUTIONARYTHEORYReadingWhoishe,doyouknow?Copernicus尼古拉·哥白尼1473年出生于波兰,是现代天文学创始人

。40岁时，哥白尼提出了日心说，并经过长年的观察和计算完成他的伟大著作《天体运行论》。由于受到时代的局限,在日心说中保留了所谓“完美的”圆形轨道等论点。其后开普勒建立行星运动三定律,牛顿发现万有引力定律，以及行星光行差、视差相继发现,日心说遂建立在更加稳固的科学基础上。1533年，60岁的哥白尼在罗马做了一系列的讲演，但直到他临近古稀之年才终于决定将它出版。1543年5月24日去世的那一天才收到出版商寄来的一部他写的书。哥白尼的“日心说”沉重地打击了教会的宇宙观，这是唯物主义和唯心主义斗争的伟大胜利。哥白尼是欧洲文艺复兴时期的一位巨人。他用毕生的精力去研究天文学，为后世留下了宝贵的遗产。哥白尼遗骨于2010年5月22日在波兰弗龙堡大教堂重新下葬。oror？CopernicusWeknowthefirstscientistisCopernicus.Hewasoneofthefirstscientiststousemathematicalobservationstocollectinformation.Hebelievedthesunisthecenteroftheuniverseandtheearthandotherplanetswentaroundit.Pre-reading

Skimthetextanddrawthetwotheoriesoftheuniversewiththefollowingpictures.SunearthBeforeCopernicus’theoryShowingCopernicus’theorySunearthBeforeCopernicus’theoryShowingCopernicus’theorySunearthearthSun

ReadthepassageandsummarizethegeneralideaMindmapofthetextParagraph1:the____________ofCopernicus’studyParagraph2:the_____ofCopernicus’studyParagraph3:the____________ofCopernicus’studyParagraph4:the_____ofCopernicus’studyParagraph5:Copernicus’theory________theChristianideaandproved_______.backgroundprocedurecauseresultreplacedcorrectReadthroughthepassage,andtellwhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.AtCopernicus’time,ChristianChurchwasinchargeofmanywestern

countries.2.Copernicusnoticedthatobservedfromtheearth,someplanetsappearsinfrontoforbehindtheearth.3.Copernicusdidn’tshowhisnewtheorytohisfriendsuntilhecompletedit.TFT4.Hisfriendswerenotinterestedinhisideas.5.SincehewasnotafraidofbeingattackedbytheChurch,Copernicuspublishedhisbookassoonashefinishedworkingonit.6.Newton,Einstein,andHawkingareallscientistswhomadecontributiontothestudyoftheuniverse.

FFT1.What’sCopernicus’fear?HefearedthatthepowerfulChristianChurchwouldhavepunishedhimforevensuggestingsuchanidea.Bruno

wasbornfiveyearsafterCopernicusdied.HestucktotheSun-centeredTheory,whichwasagainsttheChurch’swill.In1600,hewasburnttodeath.2.HowdidCopernicusprovehistheory?Hehadthoughtlongandhardabouttheseproblemsandtriedtofindananswer.Hehadobservationsofthestarsandusedallhismathematicalknowledgetoexplainthem.Allhiscalculationsandobservationsprovedthathistheorywasright.3.Whatishistheory?Thesunisthecentreofthesolarsystemwiththeplanetsgoingrounditandonlythemoonstillgoingroundtheearth.5.HowmanyyearsdidCopernicusworkontheproblemtocompletehistheory?4.WhendidCopernicuspublishhistheory?Hepublishedhistheoryashelaydyingin1543.4years.6.IfyouwereNicolausCopernicus,wouldyouhavehiddenyourtheoryforsomanyyears?Giveyourreasons.

Asascientist,Copernicuswasmorecautiousthancoward.Ifhehadpublishedhisideasathistime,hewouldhavebeenkilledjustasBrunowhowasburnttodeathbecausehistheorywasagainsttheChristianChurch’s.Everytimeanewideaappears,therearealwaysrejections.It’snormal.Scientistsshouldhavepatiencetospreadtheirtruth.Languagepoints:

1.leadto造成,导致(resultin,cause);通向Thiswillprobablyleadtotroubleinthefuture.AllroadsleadtoRome.leadsb.tosth.

使某人得出，引导某人到……leadsb.todosth.

导致某人做某事Theroadleadsyoutothetown.Whatledyoutochangeyourmind?2.onlyif

只有；只要。当以only引导的短语作状语或状语从句放于句首时，为了加强语气，句子需要倒装。

1)Onlyifthealarmrings

doIwakeup.2)Onlybyworkinghard

didhesucceed.ifonly

“如果……就好了”，引导虚拟条件句Ifonlyhecameearly.IfonlyIhadmoremoneyIcouldbuyacar.eg.1）Onlyifyouridentityhasbeenchecked,_____.A.youareallowedinB.youwillbeallowedinC.willyouallowinD.willyoubeallowedinD2）Onlythen

didIrealizetheimportanceofknowledge.

只有那时我才意识到知识的重要性。3）Onlyinthiswaycanweworkoutthe

mathsproblem.

只有这种方法我们才能算出这道数学题。“Only+副词/介词短语/状语从句”位于句首,句子要倒装。

3.makesense

讲得通；有道理；有意义

1)这个句子，好像一点也讲不通。

Thesentencedoesn’tseemtomakesense.

2)你编的故事我听不明白。

Yourstorydoesn’tmakesensetome.3）你听得懂这个美国人在说些什么吗？CanyoumakesenseofwhatthisAmericanissaying?4）这没有意义。

Itdoesn’tmakesense.makesenseofmakeanysenseloseone’ssenseinasensecommonsensethesenseoftouch/smell/tasteThereisno/muchsenseindoing…Itdoesn’tmakesensetodosth.

理解有任何意义，意思失去知觉从某种意义上讲常识触觉/嗅觉/味觉做某事没有/很有道理干某事无意义

4.Heplacedafixedsunatthecentreofthesolarsystemwiththeplanetsgoingrounditandonlythemoonstillgoingroundtheearth.他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，而行星则围绕着太阳转，只有月球仍然绕着地球转。

withtheplanetsgoingroundit是with+宾语+宾语补足语的结构，在句中作状语。这一结构在句中常作定语或状语，作宾补的可以是介词短语、过去分词、形容词、副词或动词不定式等。现将其基本形式归纳如下：With+n./pron.+介词短语

Hesattherewithasmileonhisface.(2)With+n./pron.+副词

WithMrSmithaway,we’vegotmoreroom.(3)With+n./pron.+不定式(表将来)Withsomuchworktodo,hecouldnotgohome.(4)With+n./pron.+现在分词（表主动，进行）

Thestreetwasquietwithnobusesrunning.(5)With+n./pron.+过去分词（表被动，完成）

Incameamanwithhishandstiedback.(6)With+n./pron.+形容词

Lastnighthesleptwiththewindowopen.Theguardwarnedmetobecautiousaboutstrangers.Myfatherisaverycautiousdriver.警卫告戒我要当心陌生人。我的爸爸是一位非常谨慎的司机。5.cautious:carefultoavoidriskadj.becautious