全高考英语作文满分攻略：各司其职的8大句子成分

高考英语作文满分攻略：各司其职的8大句子成分句子由各个组成部分构成，这些组成部分叫作句子成分。句子成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语和同位语等。学生只有明白了句子成分，才能真正地理解句子，读懂文章的含义。一、主语——句子的主体主语是句子的主体，用于说明谓语所表示的动作或状态的执行者。主语通常由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词(短语)或从句等充当。美句输入佳句输出①(2020·新课标山东卷)TheroutewentfromourschoolgatetothefootoftheSouthMountain.(名词作主语)②(2020·全国卷Ⅱ，满分作文)Takingpartinafruitpickingactivityonafarmismeaningfulandrewarding.(动名词短语作主语)③(2017·全国卷Ⅰ，书面表达)Tostartwith,whatIintendtostressisthatweareabouttostartournextlessoninClassroom8oftheTeachingBuildingat10a．m.nextFriday.(从句作主语)用“____”标出下列句子的主语1．A_farmer

toldushowtopickoranges.(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)2．Each_of_us

carriedabasketandapairofscissors.(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)3．To_bring_a_small_gift

isagoodidea.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)4.What_I_am_going_to_tell_you

isaboutdonatingbooksfromourschooltoyourChineseclass.(天津卷书面表达)二、谓语——主语的行为谓语用来描述主语的行为动作、状态或特征。(1)实义动词(短语)可以单独作谓语，有时态、人称和数的变化；(2)系动词不能单独作谓语，系表结构才可以作谓语；(3)助动词和情态动词也不能单独作谓语，“助动词/情态动词＋实义动词”可以作谓语。美句输入佳句输出①(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Iamwritingtoaskforyourguidanceonashortplay.(实义动词作谓语)②(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)IcangiveabriefintroductionofthesemasterpiecesfromtheperspectiveofanativespeakerofChina.(“情态动词＋实义动词”作谓语)③(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)IamgoodatEnglishandfamiliarwithChinesepaintings.(系表结构作谓语)用“____”标出下列句子的谓语1．ThenMrs.Meredith

searched

theInternetand

ordered

ahouseholdpopcornmachine.(2020·新课标山东卷)2．Whenhe

got_up

at7a．m.,abigplan

occurred_to

him.3．Thewatch

is_necessary

inourdailylife,butitsfunction

is_too_simple_and_dull.4．What'smore,I

have

someexperienceinaccompanyingforeignfriends.(2018·6月浙江卷应用文写作)三、宾语——动作的对象宾语是动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词的后面。可以用作宾语的有：名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词和从句等。美句输入佳句输出①(2020·新课标山东卷)Mostoftheracersfinishedthewholecourse.(名词作宾语)②(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)I'mgladtoknowthatyou'vecometoChinatolearnkungfuinaschoolinmyhometown.(从句作宾语)③(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)Don'tforgettopraiseyourfriendforthedeliciousfoodsheoffers.(不定式作宾语)用“____”标出下列句子的宾语1．Shealwaystalksto

us

patientlyandhelps

us

tofind

a_solution.(2020·全国卷Ⅰ，满分作文)2．Pleasetakegoodcareof

yourself

anddon'tworryabout

our_studies.(2020·浙江卷，应用文写作)3．I'msorrytohear

that_you_are_going_

to_return_to_your_country_very_soon.(2019·6月浙江卷，应用文写作)四、表语——主语的特征表语与前面的系动词一起构成复合谓语(系表结构)，用来说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。美句输入佳句输出①(2020·新课标山东卷)Needlesstosay,theyweredeeplymoved.(形容词作表语)②(2020·全国卷Ⅰ，书面表达)Hismaindutyistomeasurebodytemperatureandcheckthepassesforexitandentry.(不定式作表语)③(2018·全国卷Ⅲ，书面表达)Myfavouritesportisrunning.(v.ing作表语)④That'swhyIthinkthetripalongtheYangtzeRiverwillbeabetterchoice.(从句作表语)用“____”标出下列句子的表语1．Weare

confident_thatwecanwinthiscompetition.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ，书面表达)2．Itis

a_Chinese_folk_art_with_a_

long_history.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ，书面表达)3．Myaimis

to_let_China_go_to_the_

world_and_let_the_world_understand_China.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ，书面表达)4．Atthatmoment,Ibecame

the_focus_of_the_whole_class

andwas

full_of_great_pride_and_confidence.五、定语——名词的修饰语定语是用来描述名词的品质与特征的修饰语，它常和名词构成名词短语。单个词作定语时常放在被修饰词之前，而短语和从句作定语时往往放在被修饰词之后。美句输入佳句输出①(2020·浙江卷，应用文写作)Ihaveachievedsatisfactoryresultsinrecentexaminations.(形容词作定语)②(2020·全国卷Ⅰ，书面表达)HeisavolunteerwhoworksasagateguardinourcommunityduringtheepidemicofCOVID19.(从句作定语)③TheexhibitionwillbeheldintheCityMuseumlocatedinthenorthofourcity.(分词作定语)用“____”标出下列句子的定语1．Andtheperson

I_respect_most

is

my_physics

teacher.(2020·全国卷Ⅰ，书面表达)2．I'mdeeplyconvincedthatIcanbea

devoted

volunteer.(2019·全国卷，Ⅰ书面表达)3．Allthebooks

offered_by_the_students

arereportedtohavebeensenttothechildren

in_the_countryside

theotherday.六、状语——动词、形容词、副词或句子的修饰语状语是用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的一种成分。美句输入佳句输出①(2020·全国卷Ⅰ，书面表达)Thankstohiseffortsinepidemicpreventionandcontrol,ourneighborhoodhasbeeninagoodstate.(介词短语作状语)②(2020·全国卷Ⅲ，书面表达)Lookingforwardtoseeingyousoon.(副词作状语)③(2020·全国卷Ⅱ，书面表达)Toletusexperiencethelifeinthecountryside,ourschoolorganizedafruitpickingactivityonafarmlastweekend.(不定式短语作状语)④(2019·北京卷，书面表达)Ifyouwantadeepexperienceinthecity,sharedbikeswouldbethebestchoice.(从句作状语)用“____”标出下列句子的状语1.

Having_known_that_a_traditional_Chinese_painting_exhibition_will_be_held_at_the_gallery_in_London_during_the_summer_holiday,_I'mextremelyexcited.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ，书面表达)2.

If_you_will_join,_youmaysendyourinformationto

intlpssppt@.3．So,pleasecometoourschoolgym

at_6_p．m.andwetraintogether.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ，书面表达)七、补足语——宾语或主语的补充说明补足语是用来说明宾语或主语的性质、状态等的一种句子成分。美句输入佳句输出①(2020·浙江卷，应用文写作)WesincerelywishyouaquickrecoveryandanearlyreturntoChina.(名词短语作宾补)②We'lltryourbesttomakeourcountrymoreandmorebeautiful.(形容词作宾补)用“____”标出下列句子的补足语1．TolearnEnglishwell,weshouldfindopportunitiestohearEnglish

spoken

asmuchaspossible.2．Whatyousaidjustnowmademe

angry.八、同位语——同等重要的修饰语对句子中的名词或代词做进一步解释、说明，与前面的成分在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫做同位语。美句输入佳句输出①(2019·天津卷，书面表达)I'mLiJin,astudentatChenguangHighSchool.(名词短语作同位语)②Personally，IpreferthetouralongtheYangtzeRiver,thelongestriverandoneofthemotherriversofChinesecivilization.(名词短语作同位语)用“____”标出下列句子的同位语1．WearegoingtothelocalnursinghomeforthecomingDoubleNinthFestival,

a_holiday_for_us_to_show_our_respect_for_the_elderly.2．Thereisnodoubt

that_I_will_improve_its_reputation_through_my_efforts.——活动介绍利用所学知识，结合中文提示补全短文并背诵。(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)MyWeekendInordertoreleasethepressureresultingfromourstudy，①

___________________________________________(上个周末，我和同学一起去星星农场摘桔子)．Hardlyhadwearriveda