2022-2023学年福建省泉州重点中学高二（下）期中英语试卷

第=page11页，共=sectionpages11页2022-2023学年福建省泉州重点中学高二（下）期中英语试卷一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）A阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

Therearethreethingsyoucanwatchforever：news，videosandwater.Amongthem，waterisdefinitelysomethingnoonearguesabout，andtherearemanyunusualwaterattractionsthatyoucanfindaroundtheworld.

BangkokFloatingMarkets

Therearemanyfloatingmarketswheregoodsaresoldfromboats.Whilemodernmarketsaremorepopular，floatingmarketsarestillahugeattractionforlocaltourism.Anyvisitorscanpurchaselocalfoodsandtraditionalhandcrafted（手工的）souvenirs.Bargainingisapartoftheexperience.So，startlowandgetthepriceyouarereadytopay.

BregenzerFestspiele

TheBregenzFestivalisheldeveryyearfromJulytoAugustinVorarlberg.Ithastheworld'slargeststageonthewater.Theperformancesaredifferenteveryyearbuttheyareusuallyunitedbyonetheme.Thedecorationsareveryimpressiveandareworthseeing.

MarinaBayStadium

ThisstadiumwasbuiltasatemporarysolutionwhileSingaporeNationalStadiumwasbeingrebuilt.Thestadiumwasusedfortheopeningandclosingceremoniesduringthe2010SummerYouthOlympics.ItwasafloatingplatformwheretheFormulaOneGrandPrixeventwassuccessfullyheld.

ArchipelagoCinema

ArchipelagoCinemaisprobablyoneoftheworld'smostscenicopen-aircinemasthatfloatsinthemiddleofalake.ThecinemawasdesignedbyGermanarchitectOleScheeren，whobuiltitusingtechniquespopularamonglocalpeople.ThiscinemastagewasbuiltspeciallyforthefilmfestivalFilmontheRocksYaoNoi.1.WhatisspecialaboutBangkokFloatingMarkets？______A.Localfoodsarefreetotaste.

B.Visitorscanmakeboatsbythemselves.

C.Performancesonwaterareimpressivetosee.

D.Bargainingforagoodpriceisanexperience.2.WhichonewasusedforFormulaOneGrandPrixevent？______A.MarinaBayStadium. B.ArchipelagoCinema.

C.BregenzerFestspiele. D.BangkokFloatingMarkets.3.WhatdoMarinaBayStadiumandArchipelagoCinemahaveincommon？______A.Theybothholdceremonieseveryyear.

B.Theybothusedlocalbuildingtechniques.

C.Theybothprovidevisitorswithsportsevents.

D.Theywerebothbuiltforaspecialpurpose.BIn2007，BiancaValentihadanexperiencewhichnearlykilledher.WhenshepaddledoutatOceanBeachinSanFrancisco，shemetawavethelengthofagarageandastallasatwo-storyhouse.

"ThesecondIwentunderwater，Iwasjustgettingknockedandspuneverywhichway.Andthenmyfeettouchedthesandbottomthere.Iswamtothesurface.Atthispointmylungswereburningpainfully.Ijustthoughttomyself，'Ifthere'sonemorewaveafterthis，I'mgoingtodie.'Luckilytherewasn'tanotherwave."ThatwaswhenValentiknewshehadthedriveandskilltosurfbigwaves.

By2014，ValentisurfedandwonherfirstbigwavescontestatNelscottReefinOregon.There，shemetfellowprofessionalsPaigeAlms，AndreaMoller，andKealaKennelly."Twothingsgotmefiredupatthatpoint，"shesaid."Iwantedtohavetheopportunitytowinmoreevents，butthereweren'tmoreeventsforwomen.AlsoInoticedthatjustthesightofwomensurfingbigwaveswasopeningpeople'sminds...That'sreallyannoying."Luckily，Valenti，Alms，Moller，andKennellybecameadynamicfoursomeanddecidedtosticktogether，supporteachother，andthenfighttogether.

ThefoursurfersformedCommitteeforEquityinWomen'sSurfing（CEWS）tofightforentranceatMavericks—acontestsetinthesurfinglocationofthesamename，northofHalfMoonBay.Maverickswasinvitation-onlyandwasopentoonlymenwhenCEWSwasformed.Now，throughtheorganization'shardworkwiththeStateofCalifornia，womenareawarded12spotstosurf.

WhenValentiwasyoung，thereweren'tmanywomenrepresentedinsurfingculture."Ithinkit'simportantforyoungkidstohaveallkindsofrolemodels.Thatwaytheyknowallthepeoplewhotheyseeassuperheroesarejustnormalpeoplewhohavecrazydreams.Andsometimesthedreamsaren'teventhatcrazy.Ifyouworkhardandyousticktogetherwithyourfriends，youcandoanything.Youcanmovemountains."4.WhatinspiredValentitosurfbigwaves？______A.Hergiftinlearningsurfingskills.

B.Hernear-deathexperiencein2007.

C.Hercouragetochallengemensurfers.

D.Herambitiontobethebestrolemodel.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"firedup"inparagraph3mean？______A.Angry. B.Excited. C.Depressed. D.Concerned.6.WhatdoweknowaboutMavericksinValenti'stime？______A.Itwasnamedafterthebay.

B.Allsurferswereadmittedtoitfreely.

C.Itopened12spotsforwomensurfers.

D.Surferscouldonlyattenditbyinvitation.7.WhichofthefollowingphrasescanbestdescribeValenti？______A.Ambitiousandcourageous. B.Emotionalandstubborn.

C.Toughandimpractical. D.Simple-mindedandhelpful.CLet'ssayyouwanttopurchaseacamera，andyou'recomparingtwodifferentadvertisements.Inone，thepictures，colors，andinstructionsmaketheinformationeasytoread.Theotherhasanunclearstylethattakesmoretimeforyoutounderstand.Ifyoudecidetopurchasethesecondcamerawiththemoreconfusingadvertisement，newresearchoutofRensselaerPolytechnicInstituteshowsthat，overtime，you'lllikelybehappierwithyourchoice.

Inapaperco-authoredbyGauravJain，anassistantprofessorofmarketingintheLallySchoolofManagementatRensselaer，researchersfoundthatnonstopstimuli（刺激），orthedifficultyforanindividualtoprocessamessage，increasespeople'sattitudestowardthatmessageafteratimedelay.

"Thisresearchhasareal-lifeimpact，"Jainsaid."Mostofthetime，marketingcommunicatorstrytomaketheirmessageclear.Whatwelearned，however，isthattherearecertaintimes，especiallywhenpeopleneedtomakechoices，whenweshouldactuallyusenonstopstimulisothatwhateverpeoplearechoosing，theywilllikeitoncetimehaspassed."

UsingprimarydatacollectiondesignedbyJainofabout500diverseindividuals，researchersalsofoundthatconsumersjudgethetimespentinthedecision-makingprocesswrongly.Ratherthanrecognizingthatthelengthydecisioncamefromtryingtounderstandtheinformation，whenlookingbackontheprocess，consumersinsteadbelievetheyspentthetimeonmakingthedecision.Thisleadstheconsumertobelievethedecisiontheymadewasinformedandworthy.

Thesefindingsaremeaningfulformarketingcommunicationsinmanyfields.

"Whenpeoplearemakingdecisions，"Jainsaid，"likechoosinginsuranceproducts，retirementfunds，orevenwhenchoosinganelectedofficial，marketersanddesignersneedtorememberthatifwecanmakeanindividualspendsometimeinthatchoosingprocess，it'smorelikelypeoplewillstickwiththeoptiontheychoseovertime."

Jainsaysthatwhenconsumers'attitudesaboutaproductincrease，theimpactonpost-purchasedecisionslikereturnsandreviewsoftheproductwillbemorefavorabletothebrand.8.Howdoestheauthorintroducethetopic？______A.Bylistingfigures. B.Bygivingexamples.

C.Byusingothers'words. D.Byshowingpeople'sreviews.9.WhatshouldmarketingcommunicatorsdoaccordingtoGauravJain？______A.Maketheirmessageshort.

B.Maketheirmessageattractive.

C.Maketheirmessageeasytounderstand.

D.Maketheirmessagehardtounderstand.10.Inwhichaspectcanthisdiscoverybeusedformarketers？______A.Writingapaper. B.Sellingaproduct.

C.Choosingacamera. D.Designinganewbrand.11.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthetext？______A.TimeDelay：Whatisit

B.SuggestionstotheMarketers

C.HowtoMakeConsumersHappy

D.DifficultDecision，SatisfactoryChoiceDArguably,thebiggestsciencedevelopmentoftheyeartodatehasbeentheimagesoftheverydepthsoftheuniversetakenbytheJamesWebbSpaceTelescope(JWST).Thoseimagesbegacomparisonbetweentheexternalandinternaluniversesthatscienceisbentonobservingandunderstanding.Decadesago,astrophysicistCarlSaganfamouslysaid,“Theuniverseisalsowithinus.Weˈremadeofstar-stuff.Weareawayfortheuniversetoknowitself.”Hewascommentingthenontherealitythatourinternaluniversewasascomplexandasfantasticastheouterspace.Therearemanysimilaritiesbetweentheprogressweˈvemadeinunderstandingtheuniverseandinpiecingtogetherlifeˈsinnerworkings.LikethetechnologicaldevelopmentsthattookusfromGalileoˈstelescopetotheHubbletotheJWST,lifesciencetoolshavealsoimprovedrapidly.Fromearlylightmicroscopestomodernsuper-resolutionones,thesedevelopmentshaveaffordedresearchersadeeplookintobiologyˈsinfinitesimal(无限小的)landscape.Learningthatlivingthingswerecomposedofcellswas,notaterriblylongtimeago,arevolutionaryobservation.Sincethen,scientistshavebeenabletodiveeverdeeperintothecomponentsoflife.Goingbeyondmerelyobservingthecomplicatedmakeupoforganisms,lifescientistscannowdiscovertheworkingsofmolecules(分子).Andthatiswherescanningtheuniversediffersfrompeeringintobiology.Understandingtheuniverse,especiallyfromafunctionalstandpoint,isnotnecessarilyanimmediateurgency.Understandingbiologyonthatlevelis.Simplyobservingtheamazinginternalstructureofcellsisnotenough.Biologistsmustalsocharacterizehowallthosepartsinteractandchangeindifferentenvironmentsandwhenfacedwithvariouschallenges.Beingabletoimageavirusorbacteriumisniceatthelevelofbasicscience.Butknowinghowvirusesgainentryintocellsandspread,infect,anddisablecanliterallysavelives.Throughtime,biologyhasrisentothismechanisticchallenge.Notonlycanlifesciencetoolsproduceimagesofcellcomponents,evenmoreimportantly,theycanhelppredicttheeffectsofdrugsonreceptors,ofimmunecellsonforeigninvaders(入侵者),andofgeneticperturbations(基因干扰)ondevelopmentandaging.Thisisnottobelittletheworkofscientistsresearchingintouniverse.Theyshouldrightlybepraisedfordeliveringviewsofimpossiblydistant,impossiblymassivephenomena.Myaimistocelebratetheseaccomplishmentswhileatthesametimerecognizingthatscienceˈsinwardsearchfordetailandinsightisequallyimpressiveand,inmyview,moreurgent.Theoutputofboththeoutwardandinwardexplorationsshouldstimulatewonderineveryone.Afterall,itˈsallstar-stuff.12.WhydoestheauthorquoteCarlSaganˈscommentinParagraph2?A.Tointroducethebackground. B.Toproveanassumption.

C.Tomakeacomparison. D.Topresentanidea.13.Likethestudyoftheuniverse,lifesciencehasbeenadvancingin________.A.studyapproaches B.systemmanagement

C.researchfacilities D.technologyintegration14.WecaninferfromParagraph4thatbiologistsˈworkis________.A.practical B.risky C.flexible D.popular15.Asforlifescience,whichwouldtheauthoragreewith?A.Ithasreceiveduniversalrecognition.

B.Itshouldenjoypriorityindevelopment.

C.Itcanbeappliedinthemajorityofareas.

D.Itismorecomplicatedthanspacescience.二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）WhyBoundariesatWorkAreEssentialWhatisaboundary,youask?Aboundaryisalimitdefiningyouinrelationtosomeoneorsomething.

(16)

Ifyouhaveinformedsomeonethatthisisyourofficespace,yourdesk,oryourchair,youhaveattemptedtosetphysicalboundaries.Lettingco-workersknowyouarenotcomfortableshakingtheirhandsorhuggingthemataholidayparty,especiallywithCovidatthistime,isanotherexampleofsettingaphysicalboundary.Itisofteneasiertounderstandaphysicalboundary.Emotionalormentalboundariesmaybesubtler(更微妙的).

(17)

Emotionalboundariesarerelatedtoourfeelingsandhowsomethingorsomeoneˈsbehavioraffectsus.Forexample,ifabosstreatsyoudisrespectfullybyyellingatyouoracolleaguefrequentlyinterruptsyouinmeetings,youarelikelytofeelhurt,embarrassed,andperhapsangry.Understandably,byhavingacourageousconversationwithbothyourbossandco-workerabouttheirbehavior,theimpactithasonyou,andyourexpectationsregardingfuturebehavior,youaresettinghealthyemotionalboundariesforyourselfatwork.Sometimeswesetaboundarythatisacombinationofbothaphysicalandemotionalone.

(18)

Oneexampleofthisisbeingrepeatedlyaskedtoworklateduringtheweek/weekendsorwhileonvacation.AnotherexampleisbeingrequiredtoseetoomanyclientsorpatientstothepointwefeeltiredattheendofthedayandexhaustedbyFriday.Often,theaboveworkplacedemandsleadtoincreasedstressandahighpotentialforburnout(倦怠)overtime.Mentalboundariesarerelatedtoourbeliefs,values,culturalnorms,ethics(道德),andstandards.Forexample,youvalueaworkplaceculturethattreatsemployeesandclientswithrespectanddignityandactsethically.Aftersixmonths,yourealizethatcompanyleadersarerepeatedlybehavinginwaysnotconsistentwiththis.

(19)

Overtime,thismayleadtosignificantstressandphysicalsymptomswithin.

(20)

Boundariesservemanyfunctions.Theyhelpprotectus,clarifyourresponsibility,preserveourphysicalandemotionalenergy,andliveourvaluesandstandards.Learningtheskillofboundarysettinghelpsempowerustoprioritizeourvaluesandwell-beingandbettermanageourstress.Identifying,setting,andmaintainingboundariesareskills—valuableskillsthat,unfortunately,weareoftennottaughtinschoolortheworkplace.A．Whyareboundariesimportant?B．However,theyareequally,ifnotmore,important.C．Therefore,weneedtotellthedifferencebetweenthem.D．Settingaboundaryintheaboveexamplemaybequitehelpful.E．Boundariescanbephysical,mental,emotional,tangible,orintangible.F．Yourvaluesandethicalstandardsdonˈtmatchwithyourcompanyˈs,whichlikelywillleadtointernalconflict.G．Suchboundariesofteninvolvebeingaskedtodomorethanwefeelcapableofforanextendedperiodoftime.16.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G17.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G18.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G19.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G20.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共22.5分）InBothell，Washington.First，somebodyshowedupwithballoons.Thena（1）______.ThenabigHappyBirthdaybanner（2）______nexttotheBeca'sCoffeestand.Andpeoplejustkeptshowingup.Itwasaparty—justasBecahadimaginedforherfriendJack.May10washisbirthday，andshewantedto（3）______him.

Jack，32，bornwithdevelopmentaldisabilitieslovespeople.Beca，30，thoughthewaswonderful.Soshe（4）______anarrangement：Ifheshowedupeverydayforanhourandchattedwiththecustomersatherdrive-throughwindow，she'dgivehimafreedrink.Prettysoon，anhourturnedintothewholeday.Becagavehima（n）（5）______."It's（6）______，"JacktoldKOMONews."Ilovechattingwithpeoplehere，andshepaysmealotofmoney!"

（7）______noteverybodyappreciatedJack'senthusiasm."Onecustomerwasextremely（8）______，"shesays.（9）______this，shepostedJack'sstoryonacommunityblogandalsomentionedhisapproachingbirthday.Withoutanyplanning，（10）______showeduptocelebratehisbirthday，andhe（11）______everyonewithahug.

Inspiredbythespontaneous（自发的）goodspirit，BecasuggestedBothell（12）______everyMay10asCupofKindnessDay.Thecityagreed.OnthefirstCupofKindnessDay，Beca（13）______hershopanddeliveredcookiestopoliceofficers，（14）______，teachersandothers"whoserveotherpeople".

IfyouwantacupofcoffeeinBothell，justheadovertoBeca's.Youknowyourdrinkwillcomewithsomethingextra-special：（15）______.21.

A.cake B.card C.phone D.gift22.

A.expanded B.displayed C.produced D.stretched23.

A.force B.define C.surprise D.teach24.

A.delayed B.proposed C.cancelled D.exchanged25.

A.break B.idea C.career D.raise26.

A.normal B.demanding C.awesome D.embarrassing27.

A.Consequently B.However C.Instead D.Finally28.

A.disrespectful B.dishonest C.dishonorable D.disabled29.

A.Upsetabout B.Fondof

C.Relatedto D.Skepticalabout30.

A.citizens B.colleagues C.strangers D.neighbours31.

A.met B.driven C.greeted D.addressed32.

A.regard B.establish C.treat D.use33.

A.recommended B.donated C.shared D.closed34.

A.shoppers B.drivers C.firefighters D.walkers35.

A.respect B.kindness C.love D.calmness四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）36.Chineseopera,（1）______（date）backtotheTangDynasty,isoneofthethreeoldestdramaticartformsintheworld.DuringtheQingDynasty,itbecame（2）______（fashion）amongordinarypeople.（3）______（perform）werewatchedintearooms,restaurantsandevenaroundmakeshiftstages.

（4）______（accompany）bytraditionalmusicalinstrumentsliketheErhu,theHuqinandtheflute,actorspresentuniquemelodiesaswellasdialogueswhichare（5）______（beautiful）written.Whatappeals（6）______foreignersmostmaybethedifferentstylesoffacialmake-upwhichrequiresspecialtechniquesofpainting.Thistechniquemayhaveoriginatedfromancientreligionsanddance.Besides,people（7）______（impress）withanothertechnique,theacrobatics（杂技）.Actorscanmakefireoutoftheirmouthswhentheyactasghosts.Thisreflects（8）______famoussayingamongactors："Oneminuteonstagetakestenyearsofpractice."Overthepast800years,Chineseopera（9）______（grow）intomanydifferentregionalvarietiesbasedonlocalaccents.Today,thereareover100impressiveregionaloperastyles,among（10）______isBeijingopera,thebest-knownChineseoperastyleformedfromthemixtureofdifferentstyles.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)五、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共50.0分）37.假如你是李华，近期你校开展了以"远离白色污染，拥抱绿色生活"为主题的环保周，你作为志愿者参与了这次活动。请给你的英国朋友Lucas写一封信，内容包括：

1.活动背景及经过；

2.活动的心得体会。

注意：1.词数100左右；

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

DearLucas，

_____________

Yours，LiHua38.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

A92-year-oldhuntergettinglostinthewoodsBillMcDonnellwasgoinghunting.Deerseasonhadbegun，butitwascolderthanusual.Upuntilhislate80s，Billhadn'tmindedhuntinginsub-zerotemperatures，buthehadslowedinthepastfewyears.Thesnow-dustedmountainsoftheShenandoahValleywerenoplacefora92-year-old.Heknewit.Buthehadmadeuphismindtogetoutside.Hiswife，JoannaMcDonnell，knewwhathewasupto.Butthisparticularday，Joannadidn'teventrytotalksenseintoherhusband.

Thenextmorning，Billwokeupatfour，grabbedhisgun，anddrovehisJeeptowardShenandoahMountain，aplacewherehehadn'thuntedforalongtime.AttheendoftheoldLaurelRunloggingroad，hehitthetrailonfoot.

Itwasabout7：30a.m.whenthesunpeeked（微微露出）throughthetrees.BillhadstrictinstructionsfromJoannatobeoutofthewoodsby2p.m.andhomeby3p.m.—plentyoftimebeforesunset，incasehemissedthedeadline，whichheoftendid.Notlongintothehike，hecameuponapathhedidn'tremember.Maybethiswasasecretroute.Hetookit.

Then，around11a.m.，heemerged（出现）intoaclearingalongavalley.Itseemedthathispathupthemountainhadmeandered（蜿蜒）quiteabit.Whenthoughtsofshort-cutscametomind，Billcouldn'thelphimself."I'lljustbeextracareful，"hereasoned，andbegancuttinghisownpath.Beforelong，thecanyon（峡谷）narrowedtoadeadend.Thenextthingheknewwasthathewaslost.

Hepulledouthisphone，onlytofindithaddied.HedugintohispantsfortheGPSdevicehealwaysbroughtincaseofemergencyandpushedthe"on"button.Nothing.Hehadforgottentochargeit.Hehadn'tbroughtaflashlighteither.Duringthisperiod，hecouldhearthesoundofahelicopterflyingoverhishead.Heyelledandwaved，butinvain.Hecouldn'tmakehimselfheard.

注意：

（1）续写词数应为150左右；

（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Paragraph1：

Itwasabout9：45p.m.andthesoundofthehelicoptergraduallydisappearedinthedistance.

Paragraph2：

Thenextmorning，Billhadwokenbeforedawn.

答案和解析1~3.【答案】D、A、D【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据BangkokFloatingMarkets部分Bargainingisapartofexperience.（讨价还价是体验的一部分。）可知，在BangkokFloatingMarkets，讨价还价是一种体验。故选D。

（2）细节理解题。根据MarinaBayStadium部分ItwasafloatingplatformwheretheFormulaOneGrandPrixeventwassuccessfullyheld.（这是一个浮动平台，一级方程式大奖赛在这里成功举行。）可知，在MarinaBayStadium举行了一级方程式大奖赛。故选A。

（3）细节理解题。根据MarinaBayStadium部分ThisstadiumwasbuiltasatemporarysolutionwhileSingaporeNationalStadiumwasrebuilt.（这座体育场是在重建新加坡国家体育场时临时修建的。）以及ArchipelagoCinema部分This

cinema

stage

was

built

specially

for

the

film

festival

Film

on

the

Rocks

Yao

Noi.

（这个电影舞台是为电影节Film

on

the

Rocks

Yao

Noi而专门建造的。）可知，它们的共同之处是它们都是出于特殊目的而建造的。故选D。

这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个有趣的水上旅游胜地。

阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。

4~7.【答案】B、A、D、A【解析】（1）B.细节理解题。根据第二段的""ThatwaswhenValentiknewshehadthedriveandskilltosurfbigwaves.（那是瓦伦蒂知道她有动力和技巧在大浪中冲浪。）"可知，2007年她的濒死经历激发了瓦伦蒂去冲浪，故选B。

（2）A.词句猜测题。根据第三段的"Iwantedtohavetheopportunitytowinmoreevents，butthereweren'tmoreeventsforwomen.AlsoInoticedthatjustthesightofwomensurfingbigwaveswasopeningpeople'sminds...That'sreallyannoying.（我想有机会赢得更多的项目，但没有更多的女子项目。我还注意到，仅仅是看到女人在大浪中冲浪，就能打开人们的思想真烦人。）"可知，当时没有女子冲浪项目，这让她很生气，firedup意为"生气的"，由annoying（令人生气的）也可知道答案，A.Angry.生气的；B.Excited.兴奋的；C.Depressed.抑郁的；D.Concerned.关心的。故选A。

（3）D.细节理解题。根据第四段的"Maverickswasinvitation-onlyandwasopentoonlymenwhenCEWSwasformed.（在CEWS成立时，Mavericks只能通过邀请参加，且只对男性开放。）"可知，只有受到邀请的冲浪者才能参加Mavericks，故选D。

（4）A.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的"Now，throughtheorganization'shardworkwiththeStateofCalifornia，womenareawarded12spotstosurf.（现在，通过该组织与加利福尼亚州的努力，女性被授予12个冲浪地点。）"和最后一段的"Ifyouworkhardandyousticktogetherwithyourfriends，youcandoanything.Youcanmovemountains.（如果你努力工作，和你的朋友在一起，你可以做任何事。你可以移山。）"可知，Valenti是有抱负的，勇敢的。A.Ambitiousandcourageous.雄心勃勃，勇敢无畏的；B.Emotionalandstubborn.情绪化又固执的；C.Toughandimpractical.强硬又不切实际的；D.Simple-mindedandhelpful.头脑简单，乐于助人的。故选A。

本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是冲浪者比安卡瓦伦蒂在一次差点死掉的经历中意识到自己有动力和技巧在大浪中冲浪，后来她和几个同行成立妇女冲浪公平委员会，证明了妇女也可以冲浪，给孩子们树立了榜样。

1．直接信息题：直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。2．间接信息题：间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。3．综合信息题：综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章取义。

8~11.【答案】B、D、B、D【解析】（1）B.写作手法题。根据原文第一段In

one，the

pictures，colors，and

instructions

make

the

information

easy

to

read.The

other

has

an

unclear

style

that

takes

more

time

for

you

to

understand.If

you

decide

to

purchase

the

second

camera

with

the

more

confusing

advertisement，new

research

out

of

Rensselaer

Polytechnic

Institute

shows

that，over

time，you'll

likely

be

happier

with

your

choice.其中，图片、颜色和说明使信息易于阅读。另一种风格不清晰，你需要更多时间才能理解。伦斯勒理工学院（RensselaerPolytechnicInstitute）的一项新研究表明，如果你决定购买第二台广告更令人困惑的相机，随着时间的推移，你可能会对自己的选择感到更满意。可知作者是通过举例来引出话题的。故选B。

（2）D.推理判断题。根据原文第二段...researchers

found

that

nonstop

stimuli（刺激），or

the

difficulty

for

an

individual

to

process

a

message，increases

people's

attitudes

toward

that

message

after

a

time

delay.研究人员发现，持续不断的刺激，或者一个人处理信息的难度，会在一段时间后增加人们对该信息的态度。可知Gaurav

Jain建议营销传播者应该使他们的信息难以理解。故选D。

（3）B.推理判断题。根据原文倒数第二段"When

people

are

making

decisions，"

Jain

said，"like

choosing

insurance

products，retirement

funds，or

even

when

choosing

an

elected

official，marketers

and

designers

need

to

remember

that

if

we

can

make

an

individual

spend

some

time

in

that

choosing

process，it's

more

likely

people

will

stick

with

the

option

they

chose

over

time.""当人们做决定时，"Jain说，"选择保险产品、退休基金、甚至在选择一个民选官员，营销人员和设计师需要记住，如果我们能让一个人花一些时间在选择过程中，更有可能随着时间的推移人们会坚持他们选择的选项"。可知营销人员应该在销售产品时利用消费者心理。故选B。

（4）D.标题概括题。根据本文内容：本文介绍了一种心理现象消费者花费更多时间所做出的决定往往会增加后期的满足感。可知D选项：困难的决定，满意的选择。适合，故选D。

本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一种心理现象消费者花费更多时间所做出的决定往往会增加后期的满足感。

阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。

12~15.【答案】D、C、A、B【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述了生命科学像宇宙一样复杂，随着生命科学研究设施的不断发展，科学家们能够更深入地研究生命的组成部分并且取得了很大的成就。

1.

根据第二段中Decadesago，astrophysicistCarlSaganfamouslysaid，"Theuniverseisalsowithinus.We'remadeofstar-stuff.Weareawayfortheuniversetoknowitself."Hewascommentingthenontherealitythatourinternaluniversewasascomplexandasfantasticastheouterspace.（几十年前，天体物理学家卡尔萨根说过一句名言："宇宙也在身体之内。我们是由恒星组成的。我们是宇宙认识自己的一种方式。"他当时的评论是，我们的内部宇宙和外太空一样复杂、一样奇妙。）可知，作者在第2段引用卡尔•萨根的评论，是为了提出一个想法，即我们的身体像宇宙一样复杂和奇妙，故选D。

2.

根据第三段LikethetechnologicaldevelopmentsthattookusfromGalileo'stelescopetotheHubbletotheJWST，lifesciencetoolshavealsoimprovedrapidly.Fromearlylightmicroscopestomodernsuper-resolutionones，thesedevelopmentshaveaffordedresearchersadeeplookintobiology'sinfinitesimal（无限小的）landscape.（就像将我们从伽利略望远镜带到哈勃望远镜再到JWST的技术发展一样，生命科学工具也得到了快速改进。从早期的光学显微镜到现代的超分辨率显微镜，这些发展使研究人员能够深入观察生物学的微小景观。）可知，就像对宇宙的研究一样，生命科学的研究设施也在不断发展，故选C。

3.

根据第四段中Biologistsmustalsocharacterizehowallthosepartsinteractandchangeindifferentenvironmentsandwhenfacedwithvariouschallenges.Beingabletoimageavirusorbacteriumisniceatthelevelofbasicscience.Butknowinghowvirusesgainentryintocellsandspread，infect，anddisablecanliterallysavelives.Throughtime，biologyhasrisentothismechanisticchallenge.Notonlycanlifesciencetoolsproduceimagesofcellcomponents，evenmoreimportantly，theycanhelppredicttheeffectsofdrugsonreceptors，ofimmunecellsonforeigninvaders（入侵者），andofgeneticperturbations（基因干扰）ondevelopmentandaging.（生物学家还必须描述所有这些部分在不同环境中以及在面临各种挑战时是如何相互作用和变化的。能够对病毒或细菌进行成像在基础科学水平上是很好的。但了解病毒如何进入细胞并传播、感染和致残可以真正拯救生命。随着时间的推移，生物学已经适应了这一机械挑战生命科学工具可以产生细胞成分的图像，更重要的是，它们可以帮助预测药物对受体的影响，免疫细胞对外来入侵者的影响，以及基因扰动对发育和衰老的影响。）可知，生物学家的工作是很实用的，故选A。

4.

根据最后一段Myaimistocelebratetheseaccomplishmentswhileatthesametimerecognizingthatscience'sinwardsearchfordetailandinsightisequallyimpressiveand，inmyview，moreurgent.（我的目标是庆祝这些成就，同时认识到科学对细节和洞察力的内在探索同样令人印象深刻，在我看来更为紧迫。）可知，作者认为生命科学应优先发展，故选B。

16~20.【答案】E、B、G、F、A【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了为什么工作中的界限至关重要。

1.

根据下文Ifyouhaveinformedsomeonethatthisisyourofficespace,yourdesk,oryourchair,youhaveattemptedtosetphysicalboundaries.（如果你告诉别人这是你的办公室，你的桌子，或你的椅子，你已经试图设置物理边界。）可知，此处在讲述界限的类型。由此可知，E项（界限可以是身体上的、精神上的、情感上的、有形的或无形的。）能够衔接下文，符合此处语境。故选E。

2.

根据上文Itisofteneasiertounderstandaphysicalboundary.Emotionalormentalboundariesmaybesubtler(更微妙的).（物理边界通常更容易理解。情感或精神界限可能更加微妙。）可知，此处在对比物理边界和情感或精神界限。由此可知，B项（然而，它们即使不是更重要，也同样重要。）能够承接上文，其中they指代上文中的“物理边界和情感或精神界限”，符合此处语境。故选B。

3.

根据下文Oneexampleofthisisbeingrepeatedlyaskedtoworklate