《时间敏感网络技术赋能5G确定性数据传输》白皮书 -WP PCL ASTRI Empowering 5G Data Path TSN

Empowering5GDataPathforTimeSensitiveNetworking(时间敏感网络技术赋能5G确定性数据传输)JuneJune20232hitePaperweringGDataPathforTimeSensitiveNetworkingThedeterministicnetworkisthecoretechnologytosupportdigitaltransformation,anditisalsooneofthemostimportantroadmapsforthefuturewirelesscommunicationnetworks.5Gtechnology,asthemostcutting-edgecommunicationtechnology,shouldbeintegratedwiththeTime-SensitiveNetworking(TSN)technologytobedeterministic.Withthecontinuousadvancementofdeterministiccharacteristicsinthe5Gstandardsandspecifications,aswellasthecontinuouspopularizationof5Gnetworkcoverageandverticalindustryapplications,theAppliedScienceandTechnologyResearchInstitute(ASTRI)andPengChengLaboratoryPCLaretwoofthelargestR&DcentersintheGreaterBayArea(GBA),Inthiswhitepaper,ASTRIandPCLhavejointlydevelopedandshowcasedtheend-to-end5GdataplaneintegratingwithTSNtechnologyandhaveachievedhigh-precisiontimesynchronizationwithminimizedjitter.Theresearchresultsarepositiveandinstructivetoexplore5Gverticalapplicationscenarios,leadingindustrialevolutioninsmartmanufacturing,power,andminingindustries.ustinChuangPhDommunicationsTechnologiesVicePresidentASTRIAuthor:PCL:JimanLv,JingbinFeng,JianCheng,ChunlaiCui,HuaWang,RongjunXu,SenMaShuangpingZhan,WeibinYeia3weringGDataPathforTimeSensitiveNetworkinghitePaperbleofContents s 1.2.3TSN-enabled5GSystem 10 ory ogyResearchInstitute 1.3.3WhitePaperHighlight 12KeyChallenges 32.1RequirementsofVerticalIndustries 132.2End-to-EndTimeSynchronizationChallenges 14sm onforTSNenabledGsystem 3.1PacketDataUnitSession 20N 3.3TimeSynchronization 213.3.15GSTimeSynchronization 22n 3.4EnhancementsforQoSMappings 224.DataServiceSolution 254.1ArchitectureofEnd-to-EndSynchronizationSolution 254.1.1TimestampModelling 25DomainSynchronization 4hitePaperweringGDataPathforTimeSensitiveNetworkingTSNenabledGEndtoEndSynchronizationSolution 27ndtoendDeterministicSchedulingScheme GandTSNQoSMapping 9nisticTrafficScheduling dforwardbufferingmechanismDSTTNWTT 5.Evaluation 32SolutionArchitectureofTSNenabledGCoreProofofConcept(PoC) 32CollaborationResultsfromActualDeploymentEvaluationSetup 335.3Evaluation,Discussion&Results 35esynchronizationtest itterinendtoendpacketforwarding 5.3.3Failovertesting 395.3.4Simulatedindustrialuse-case 415.3.5Testresultevaluations 42 6.1IndustrialInternetusecases 43t ations 5weringGDataPathforTimeSensitiveNetworkinghitePapertimeawaresystemSourceTSFigureFigureGSasaTSNbridgeSourceTSFigure..........11maniascomFigure4QoSMappinginTSNAFandPCFarchitecture[Source:TS23.501Figure5.28.4-1] 23FigureUserdatahandlingintheUPFSourceTSFigure24zationSolution TTimingAlgorithm Figure8TSN-enabled5GsystemEnd-to-Endsynchronizationdemosolution......27 Figure10TrafficScheduling 31FigureCompletePCLandASTRIsolutionarchitecturewith5GNetworkFunctions 32Figure12ActualArchitectureofTSN-enabled5GsystemDemoArchitectureSetup 34Figure135GSystemsynchronizationviadirectconnection 36Figure145GSystemsynchronizationviaGPS 37Figure15FailovertestwithtwoCPEsand2gNB 40Simulatedindustrialusecase gureReleasearchitectureofTSC 6hitePaperweringGDataPathforTimeSensitiveNetworkingTableExamplesofIEEETSNTaskgroupstandards..........................9Table2ExamplesofindustrialautomationintypicalapplicationscenariosofTSN-enabled5Gsystem[Source:5GACIAWhitePaper,“Integrationof5GwithTime-SensitiveNetworkingforIndustrialCommunications”] 14Table3Clocksynchronizationserviceperformancerequirementsfor5GSystem Table4Standardized5QItoQoScharacteristicsmapping[Source:TS23.501Table 19Table6Jitterof5GSystemsynchronizationviadirectconnection,withbackground 7weringGDataPathforTimeSensitiveNetworkinghitePaperionedthetechnologyTimeSensitiveNetworkTSNovertheFifthGeneration(5G)telecommunicationtechnology”beingoneofthekeyinnovativetechnologies.Previously,theTSNhasbeenawirelinetechnologycommonlyusedinfactoriesfordeterministicservices.However,beingawirelinetechnology,thewirehaslimitedtheusagescopeaswellasitsapplicationbecauseofdifferentconsiderations,suchoknownasthefourthindustrialevolution(Industry4.0),iswellagreedtobethecornerstonefortherevolutionoftheindustry.MobilizedTSNbecomesawaytogoand5GhasbeenselectedasthemobiletechnologywhichwillbemergingwiththeTSN-enabled5Gsystemdoesnotonlydigitalizepeople’sliving,butalsocreatesanewerafortheconnectedanddigitalizedindustrialindustry.InarecentreportfromtheChinaAcademyofInformationandCommunicationInternetindustryhasmadeovertrillionyuan,anenticingresultfromthedigitaltransformationoftheindustrialenterprises.Ontheotherhand,the5GnetworkisTheIndustrialInternetisexpectedtobethekillerapplicationfor5G.Ithasbeenprojectedthatthe5Gverticalapplicationspenetrationratewillreach35%in2023formainlandChinaalone.Theintegrationof5GandtheIndustrialInternetisacceleratingChina’snewindustrializationprocessandservingasabreedinggroundforChina’seconomicdevelopment.1.2.15GRoadmapin3GPPThefifth-generationmobilecommunicationtechnology(referredtoas5Gor5Gtechnology)isthelatestgenerationofmobilecommunicationtechnology.Itisatelecommunicationandinformationtechnology(IT)definedbythe3rdgenerationpartnershipproject(3GPP),evolvingfromthe4G,3G,and2Gsystems.In5GNewimprovethespectrumdiversityandefficiency,modulationandcodingtechniques8hitePaperweringGDataPathforTimeSensitiveNetworkingforbettercellcoverageandslottimeoperationsforsystemflexibility.Asaresult,5Gprovidesahigherdatatransmissionrateandyetultra-lowlatencyservicesascomparingto4G.Therearethreemajordeploymentscenariosfor5Gnetworks:-EnhancedMobileBroadband(eMBB):largebandwidthandmoderateatencyforusecasessuchasemergingARVRmediaandapplicationslowbandwidthtransmissionsformachine-to-machinecommunication.-MassiveMachineTypeCommunications(mMTC):lowcost,lowpowerwideareaforlatencysensitiveapplicationssuchastheInternetofThings(IoT)thatconnectallphysicalthingspeopletopeoplepeopletothings,thingstothings,etc.)-Ultra-ReliableLowLatencyCommunications(URLLC):extremelylowlatencyapplicationssuchasforvehicletovehicleandvehicle-to-infrastructurecommunications.3GPPRelease15marksthebeginningofthe5Gera,thearchitecturehasrevolutionarychangefromthepreviousgeneration.The3majorchangesinthearchitectureincludetheControlandUserPlaneSeparation(CUPS),Service-basedArchitecture(SBA)infrastructure,andnetworkslicing.InCUPS,theseparationofinthenetwork,allowingamoreflexibleandexpandibledeployment.Forinstance,placingtheuserplaneentityclosertothebasestationallowsedgecomputingwithlowerlatencyforapplication.TheSBAinfrastructurehasmodulatedthenetworkcoreintonetworkfunctions(NFs),wheretheNFsareinterconnectedbyHTTP2protocols.Theservice-basedinterfacehassimplifiedtheprotocolsbetweengthedeploymentupgradesandscalingtobemoreefficientwhichinturnrealizingfastertime-to-marketfornewfunctionsandfeatures.Thenetworkslicingaimstocreateseparationofthenetworkintoslicesfordifferentmarketsandneeds.Witheachslicebeingisolatedfromtheotherslices,theresourcescanbesharedbutresourceineachslicemeetingdifferentrequirements.everythingandeveryonetogether,deliveringhigherdatarateswithlowerlatency,becomingmorereliablehaveofferingabetterexperienceWiththeseperformanceenhancementsandefficiencyimprovements,newuserexperiencesandnewindustriesarebeingenabled.Release15isknowntobethe5GPhase1,Release16being5GPhase2andRelease17beingthe5Genhancements.Release15laystheforadditionalusecases,forexampleenablingtheapplicationsfornewverticalsofdeploymentscenariowhichincludestheNon-PublicNetworks(NPN),positioningservices,NRCellularIoT,URLLC,andTSN.Release17protocolfreezewasinJune2022,supportingnewusecasesandverticalssuchascoverageandpositioningenhancements,enhancedsupportofNPNs,supportingunmannedaerialsystems,weringGDataPathforTimeSensitiveNetworkinghitePaper2).Release18hasbeennamed5GAdvancedasitintroducesintelligence(machinelearningtechniques)intothewirelessnetworksatdifferentlevelsofthenetwork.1.2.2IEEE-StandardizedTSNIEEETimeSensitiveNetworkingTaskGroupispartoftheIEEE802.1workinggroup.ItisanOperationTechnology(OT)toprovidedeterministicservicesthroughIEEE802networks,intimesynchronization,boundedlatency,reliability,andresourcemanagementSomeofthestandardsintheIEEE2.1arelistedinTable1.bleExamplesofIEEETSNTaskgroupstandardsIEEEDescriptionInformationStandardsEEASTimingSynchronizationandProtocolandproceduresusedtoensurethatthesynchronizationrequirementsaremetfortimesensitiveapplications.IEEEEnhancementsforScheduledTrafficTime-awarequeue-drainingprocedures,managedobjectsandextensionstoexistingprotocolsthatenablebridgesandendstationstoschedulethetransmissionofframesbasedontimingderivedfromIEEE802.1AS.IEEEFramePre-emptionProvidereducedlatencytransmissionforscheduledtime-criticalframesinabridgedlocalareanetwork.ECBFrameReplicationandEliminationforReliabilityProcedures,managedobjectsandprotocolsforbridgesandendstationstocreateandeliminateduplicateframes.OneofthemostimportantTSNtaskgroupstandardsisIEEE802.1AS(timeTheIEEEASprecisezationprotocoltodistributetimeacrossthenetworkdomain.Theportinthistime-awaresystemutilizesamasterslaveparadigminwhichthemastersendsthetimesynchronizationinformationtotheslaveportofatime-awaresystem,whiletheslavereceivesthatinformationfromthemasterport.TheonewithallitsportsinthemasterstateisknownastheGrandmaster(GM)anditisthetimesourceofthenetwork.Inanetworksynchronizationerrorisinunitsofnanoseconds.trafficschedulingandmanagementoftime.Itdefinesthequeuingmanagement,gating,andtrafficshapingtoensurethetime-criticalflowsarescheduledbasedon:5GStimesynchronization:(g)PTPtimesynchronization5GSBridgeStationExternalnetwork(g)PTPGMdStationTSeTSiNW:5GStimesynchronization:(g)PTPtimesynchronization5GSBridgeStationExternalnetwork(g)PTPGMdStationTSeTSiNW-TTUPFPTP-compatible5GtransportgNBEDS-TT5GTimeDomain5GSTE5GGM5GS5GS5GShitePaperweringGDataPathforTimeSensitiveNetworkingservicelevel,thusavoidingmutualinterferencebetweentrafficofdifferentpriorities.1.2.3TSN-enabled5GSystemStartingfrom3GPPRelease16,the5Gsystem’srolehasbecominglikeanindustry-gradecommunicationfabric.InRelease16,ithasintroducedtheintegrationofthe5Gsystem(5GS)withtheTime-SensitiveNetworkingtaskgroupoftheIEEE802.1OT.IntheliaisonstatementS2-1908630fromthe3GPPSAWG2(SA2)totheIEEE802workgroup,3GPPhasintegratedtransparentlyasthe5GSystemasalogicalTSNbridgetosupporttime-sensitivecommunication.InRelease16,itwillsupport:IEEE802.1Qcc:threeTSNconfigurationmodelsIEEE802.1QbvbasedQoSschedulingforinterworkingwithTSNIEEE802.1QAnnexQ.2(“Usinggateoperationstocreateprotectedwindows”)forsimplifiedtrafficschedulingIEEE802.1ASfortheentireend-to-end5GSystemasa“time-awaresystem”forTSNsynchronization.InTSN-enabled5Gsystem,the5GSystemisactingasavirtualgPTPtime-awaresystem(IEEE802.1AS)wherethe5GCisactingasaTSNbridgeportwithtimesynchronizationbetweentheTSNsystemclockandthe5Gclock.ernetTSNbridgeAttheedgesofthe5GS,Network-SideTSNTranslator(NW-TT)andDevice-SideTSNTranslator(DS-TT)aresynchronizedwiththe5GGMclock(i.e.,the5Ginternalsystemclock)tokeepthesenetworkelementssynchronized,seeFigure1forillustration.:5GStimingdirection(g)PTPtimingdirection5Gsystemcanbeconsideredasan802.1AStime-awaresystemorIEEE1588BoundaryorTransparentClockigureBridgeAUPF-ANW-TTDS_TTUE1TSNBridge/EndStationDS-TTUPF-BNW-TTTSNBridge/EndStationDS-TTUE2weringGDataPathforBridgeAUPF-ANW-TTDS_TTUE1TSNBridge/EndStationDS-TTUPF-BNW-TTTSNBridge/EndStationDS-TTUE2hitePaperIn3GPP,thedatasessionisknownasPacketDataUnit(PDU)Sessionbetweentheuserequipment(UE)andthedatanetwork(DN)viatheUserPlaneFunction(UPF)actingasaPDUSessionAnchor(PSA).Intheschematicdiagramofthe5Gbridgesystem,each5GbridgeconsistsofportontheUE/DS-TTsides,userplanetunnelsPDUsessionbetweentheUEandUPFandportsontheUPFNWTTside.TheportontheUE/DS-TTsideisboundtoaPDUsession,andtheportontheUPF/NW-TT5GS,fromNW-TTtoDS-TT,isconsideredasasinglebridgewhiletherecouldbemorethanoneUPFsinvolvedintheend-to-endconnection.EachbridgewillbeassignedauniquebridgeidentifierforuseintheTSNdomain,e.g.,theconfigurationsinCNCandTSNAF.TSNTSNSystemBridgeB1.3.1PengChengLaboratoryanadvancedandinnovativeresearchinstitutioninthefieldofnetworkcommunicationsandartificialintelligenceinChina.Itisfocusinginsolvingstrategic,forwardlooking,fundamentalyetcriticalscientificproblems.Itisamajorcontributortothisfield,supportingnationalstrategicscienceandtechnologyefforts.PCLisalaboratorywithateamoftalentedresearchersandengineerstodevelopnetworkcommunicationprojectstofullyenablelarge-scaleindustrialusecases,suchassmartmanufacturing,smartcity,IndustrialInternet,andartificialhitePaperweringGDataPathforTimeSensitiveNetworkingministictransmissionrequirementsoftheIndustrialInternetandhigh-endequipmentscenarios.PCLhasbeenresearchinganddevelopingTSNchipsandplatformequipmenttoachievethedeterministicnetworkservicecapabilitieswithcontrollablebandwidthanddelay.Throughcollaborationofinnovativewiredandwirelesscommunicationtechnologies,afullyconnected“5G+IndustrialInternet”factorycouldbeachievedbyintegratingthekeytechnologiesof5GandTSN.1.3.2HongKongAppliedScienceandTechnologyResearchInstituteHongKongAppliedScienceandTechnologyResearchInstitute(ASTRI)wasfoundedthemissionofenhancingHongKong’scompetitivenessthroughappliedresearch.TheCommunicationsTechnologies(CT)DivisionofASTRIdeliverscutting-edge5GnsItsapplicationsarehelpingmanufacturers,operators,andsolutionproviderstointroducefasterandmoreintelligentservicesfornetworkusers,benefitingbothindustriesandthecommunity.ASTRIissupportingHongKong’sdigitaltransformation,re-industrialization,andIndustry0upgradeintermsofstandards,solutions,andinfrastructure,especiallyin5G-relatedtransformationswithTSNtechnologies.ASTRIisdevelopingopenbroadbandwirelessnetworksandapplications,including5Gbasestationsandcoreusingoncreatingnewtechnologyinfrastructureandplatformsforawiderangeofsectorsandapplications.ASTRIalsooffersend-to-endsystemsolutions(Easy5G)withTSN-enabledforvariousplayersatdifferentlevelsofthevaluechainintheindustryecosystem.1.3.3WhitePaperHighlightainlandChinaGovernmentsActionentandTheGuidelinesfortheConstructionof5GFullyConnectedFactoriesandtosupporttheHongKongGovernment'sre-industrializationplanwhichemphasizestherequirementsforTSN-enabled5Ginfrastructuretosupportdigitaltransformationandre-industrializationforsmartmanufacturing,power,andtransportationindustrieslocallyinChinaandworldwide.Theintegrationof5GandsmartmanufacturingwithTSN-relatedhighprecisiontimesynchronizationultrareliablenetworkhighthroughput,andlowlatencyisundoubtedlythetrendoffuturedevelopment.weringGDataPathforTimeSensitiveNetworkinghitePaperInthiswhitepaper,wehavedemonstratedthecapabilitiesofASTRItogetherwiththeTSN-enabled5Gnetworkandothercutting-edgenetworkingtechnologieswiththeOTrelatedindustriesandotherinnovationssuchassmartmanufacturingandfuture.tsofVerticalIndustriesbedforTSNenabled5Gsystemarchitecture.IthasbeenanticipatedthattheTSN-enabled5Grticalindustrywheretheverticalindustryasdefinedbythe3GPPcoversfactoryofthefuture,eHealth,smartcityandsoon.Differentfieldsoftheverticalindustryhavetheirownrequirements,thusposingdifferentchallengesintermsoflatency,numbersofconnection,qualityofservice,precision,speed,anddegreeofdeterminism.manufacturing,remoteequipmentcontrol,equipmentcollaboration,fieldauxiliaryassemblywarehousinglogisticsdifferentkindsofqualitycontrolandsafetymonitoring,manyofwhichrequireclocksynchronizationaccuracy,delaycontrolabilityandtransmissionreliabilityofthecommunicationnetwork.TSN-enabled5Gchallengesofsuchdeterministicandlowlatencycommunicationwithrequirementinend-to-endtime/frequencysynchronization,reliability,delay,andjitter.ofTSNenabledGsystemaregiveninTable2:hitePaperweringGDataPathforTimeSensitiveNetworkingTable2ExamplesofindustrialautomationintypicalapplicationscenariosofTSN-enabled5Gsystem[Source:5GACIAWhitePaper,“Integrationof5GwithTime-SensitiveNetworkingforIndustrialCommunications”]TraffictypesradicicalnceojitterncessicaldatasizeeP0Cyclic-sPCyclic-nchronousP2ms~lSmssiableventsalarmrS2ssiableiumP50ms~putssiableConfiguration&csSputsiable1500iumVideoPputsiableioVoicePputsiabletSsiableEndTimeSynchronizationChallengesInthe3GPPspecifications,the5GShasbeenmodeledasaTSNvirtualswitch.ItsignalingintheTSNsystem.Therefore,the5GvirtualTSNswitchneedstomaintaintheclocksynchronizationofthe5GSandTSNdomainssimultaneously,signalingoftheTSNtimesynchronizationinformationacrossthe5GStimedomain,andensuresthattheTSNtimedeviationaftercross-domainshallnotexceed900nanoseconds.InTable3,itdescribestheclocksynchronizationserviceperformancerequirementsforthe5GS.weringGDataPathforTimeSensitiveNetworkinghitePaperlocksynchronizationserviceperformancerequirementsforGSystemcitylevelNumberofdevicesinoneCommunicationgroupforynchronisationcityetnts1upto300UEs≤900ns≤100mx100m-Motioncontrol-Control-to-controlationforialcontroller2oUEsx100m-Control-to-controlationforialcontroller3UEsm-HighdataratevideooUEs-AVPRODonizationandtiming4oUEs-SmartGrid:icity5UEskm-TelesurgeryandnosisunderlyingconditionforachievingdeterministiccommunicationistohaveendtoendsynchronizationinplaceTheworkingclockdomainsrequireaprecisionof≤TS22.104.InTable3,itisshownthatthemoststringent5GSsynchronicitybudgetrequirementwithinaworkingclockdomainshallnotexceed900nanoseconds.Therequirementonthesynchronicitybudgetforthe5Gsystemisthetimeerrorcontributionbetweeningressandegressofthe5Gsystemonthepathofclocksynchronizationmessages.5GStimedomainandtheend-to-endTSNtimedomain.Therefore,theend-to-endsynchronizationincludesthesynchronizationofthesetwotime-domains.1.TSNtime-domain:FollowtheIEEE802.1ASorIEEE1588protocols.GStime-domain:Requireallthe5Gcomponentsinvolvingthedatapath,ietheUEnextgenerationNodeB(gNB)andUPFtobetimesynchronizedtothe5Ginternalsystemclock,alsoknownasthe5GGM.wiredandwirelessdomains:WiredNetworkThetimesynchronizationofthegNBUPFandGGMcanbecarriedoutthroughthewirednetworkusingthestandardPTPIEEE1588orgPTPIEEE802.1ASmechanism.WirelessNetwork:ThetimesynchronizationbetweenUEand5GGMisizedthroughtheairinterfacebetweentheUEandthegNBThehitePaperweringGDataPathforTimeSensitiveNetworkingaccuracyofthetimesynchronizationovertheairinterfaceisdependentonvariousfactors,suchasthemultipatheffect,UEmovement,radioconditionasymmetry,andfrequencysynchronization.Therefore,itisespeciallychallengingtotakealltheseintoconsiderationsandtoachievethesynchronizationaccuracyinend-to-end5GS.Inshort,fromthesystem-modelperspective,theend-to-endsynchronizationofGsystemasaTSNvirtualswitchItrealizesnotonlythetimesynchronizationofthe5GStimedomain,butalsothesynchronizationwiththeTSNdomain,whileprovidingthetimeinformationacrossthetwodomainswithaccuracyacrossthetwodomainsmeetingtherequirementinend-to-endtime/frequencysynchronizationofdeterministiccommunications.EndLowLatencyandDeterminismabledGsystemtheendtoendlowlatencychallengeincludesthedelaycontrolinthe5GsystemandtheTSNsystem.thelatencyinthe5GS,forexample,(1)networkslicingsupportforcombinationsofthese3components,(2)Multi-AccessEdgeComputing(MEC)networkwithcollocatedUPFwithgNBfortrafficsplitting/offloading,(3)low-latencyoptimizationintheairinterface,etc.Amongtheseapproaches,thedelaycontrolposesthebiggestchallenge.Thechallengeincludeshowtodesignanefficientschedulingstrategyinreducingthedelayintroducedbytheschedulingsequence,howtobalancethereliabilitywiththedelay,howtohandleahugenumberofsimultaneousUEsaccessingthenetwork,howtoreducetheuncertaintyofthewirelessenvironmentintroducedbythejointwirelessoptimizationofthePhysical(PHY)layerandtheMediaAccessControl(MAC)layeroftheaccessnetwork.ticieandforwardmechanismandserviceshapingfortime-basedtraffic.TheIEEE802.1QbvprotocoldefinesaTimeAwareShaper(TAS),basedonGateControlListicallyenablesdisablesthegatesofegressqueuesoftheTSNswitchesgatesofqueuesareclosed,thepacketsarebufferedinthequeueuntilgatescurrentlyinHoldareopenedForwardTypically,TSNdeviceswillbeintheHoldstate(GCLclosed)untilthemaximumdelayofupstreampacketsarrivingthenodeisreached,thenthegatesofqueueswillbeopenedandswitchedtotheForwardationofthedelay,eliminatingthejitterandachievingdeterminism.AsthemechanismheTSNweringGDataPathforTimeSensitiveNetworkinghitePaperenabled5GsystemnetworkdependsonthetimeaccuracyoftheGCL,whichistheend-to-endtimesynchronizationaccuracy.Therefore,thehigherthetimesynchronizationprecision,thesmallerthejittervalueswillbecome.owevertherearestillpracticalchallengestoberesolved1.TASHold-Forwardtimecontrol:Thestates(Open/Close)ofGCL-controlledtime-awaregatesaredeterminedbythemodelingaccuracybetweenthetrafficflowandthetrafficmodelstnumberandoffsettimeinthecycle)oftheservicedataflowinthequeue,aswellasthemodelingaccuracybetweenthetrafficflowandthedelay/jittermodel.Inthemodel,sincethedelayandjitterofthe5Gvirtualswitchesarerelativelylarge,itispossibletousetheTSNTASadaptiontoachievelowerjittertosomeextentinhigherend-to-endlatencyandlargerbuffersizesinthe5GSswitches.imizethedelayofthe5GSandthusthejitter,andatthesametime,haveaccuratethattheHoldtimein5GScanbemanagedforspecificservicedataflowbyTSNCentralizedNetworkFunction(CNC).Bydoingso,thedelayandjittersticscouldbeadaptedfortheserviceflowmodelandtherebythe2.Mappingbetweenthequeueandserviceflows:dearlierthecontroloftheTASGCLisbasedonqueuesInmostcases,thenumberofqueuesshouldbenomorethan8.Ifoneserviceflowismappedontoonequeue,thenthecontrolwillberelativelysimple,butthenumberofserviceflowsthatcanbesupportedwillbesmallandlimitedbythenumberofqueuessupported.Infact,thenumbersofservicedataflowaremuchlargerononeserviceportof5GS,andthe5GSneedstoaggregatemultipleservicedataflowsintooneegressport/queuefortimecontrol.InIEEE802.1Qch(CyclicQueuingandForwarding,CQF),ithasdescribedthelyingtheCQFmechanismbledGsystemnetworkthedelayofthe5GSis