2023年考研考博-考博英语-福建师范大学考试历年高频考点真题荟萃带答案

长风破浪会有时，直挂云帆济沧海。住在富人区的她2023年考研考博-考博英语-福建师范大学考试历年高频考点真题荟萃带答案第1卷一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题Therehasbeenmuchoppositionfromsomesocialgroups,（

）fromthefarmingcommunity.问题1选项A.straightforwardlyB.notablyC.virtuallyD.exceptionally2.单选题Themanagingdirectortookthe（

）fortheaccident,althoughitwasnotreallyhisfault.问题1选项A.guiltB.chargeC.blameD.accusation3.单选题Theyconsideritquestionablethatthesedefense-linkedresearchprojectswillaccountforanimprovementinthestandardoflivingor,（

）,domuchtoprotectourdiminishingresources.问题1选项A.incidentallyB.actuallyC.alternativelyD.accordingly4.单选题Themayorwasaskedto（

）hisspeechinordertoallowtheaudiencetoraisequestions.问题1选项A.constrainB.conductC.condenseD.converge5.单选题Toomuchtimehas（

）sincetheystartedtalkingontheissue.问题1选项A.elapsedB.occupiedC.circulatedD.detached6.单选题Getashirtonesizelargerthanyouusuallywear,becausethismaterial（

）whenyouwashit.问题1选项A.fadesB.decreasesC.retreatsD.shrinks7.单选题Threeyearsago,FrenchentrepreneurGaryCigewashelpingafriendhangamirrorinhiscountryhousewhentheyrealizedtheyneededadrill.Butwheretogetone?Buyingonewouldcost150Euros,ahugewasteconsideringtheyneededitforonlyhalfanhour.AndsinceitwasSunday,everyrentalshopwouldbeclosed.YetasCigerealized,theywerelikelysurroundedbydrills.Oddsare,atleastoneofhisfriend’sneighborshadadrillthatwassittingidle.Whywasn’ttheresomeeasywaytofindadrilltorent—forjustafewbucks?Propelledbythatidea,CigecofoundedZilok,astartupthatofferspreciselythisservice:Peoplepostpossessionsthey’rewillingtorentout,alongwithaprice.Cige’sWebsiteprocessesthefee,tracksthereputationofyourrentingpartner,and—inFrance—evenissuesinsuranceforyouritem.Aftertwoyearsinbusiness,Zilokhas150,000itemslisted,with6,000transactionsamonth,andit’sthefastest-growingrenterofcarsinFrance.Peertopeerrenting—andsimilarservices—hasboomedinthepastfewyears.SomeworklikeZilok,whileothersletpeopleexchangethingstheyown(suchasbookandCDsatSwaptree).Afewevenletyoutakeadvantageofspacethat’slyingfallow,likeSharedEarth,wherelandownershookupwithgardeners.Inessence,we’reseeinganewrelationshiptoproperty—whereaccesstrumpsownership.We’reusingbitstohelpusshareatoms.Thegeniusofthesesitesisthattheymakeavirtueofmodernsociety’secologicalsin:oversupply.Indevelopedcountries,we’reprosperousbuthorriblywasteful.Webuytonsofthingsweuserarely—andwhichsitunusedinbasementsandstoragelockers.Peerrentingandsharingis,ofcourse,anoldidea.Butitnevertookoffbefore,forlogisticalreasons;itwastoohardtoconnectmillionsofrenterstoowners.TheInternet’sBayesianabilitytomakemarketssolvedthatproblem.Thenetalsoprovidescrucialglue,asthenewstartupZimrideproves.Ride-sharingsystemshavehistoricallypeteredoutbecauseitcanbekindofcreepytopickupstrangers.Soinstead,ZimrideletspeoplesharerideswithfriendsoffriendsfromFacebookthrougheitherFacebookConnectornetworksitsetsupforindividualorganizations.“Thelimitingfactorbeforewastrust,”ZimridecofounderLoganGreensays,“andFacebooksolvedthat.”Besidestheenvironmentalbenefits,thereareeconomicones.SomeusersofZilokmakemorethan$1,000amonthcirculatingtheirpossessions.Granted,it’snotenoughtoquityourdayjob,butalittleextradoughforalmostnoeffortneverhurts.Aspeer-to-peerrentingandswappingevolves,toolslikegeolocationandmicropaymentscouldmakeitevensmootherandmoreubiquitous.RachelBotsman,coauthorofWhat’sMineIsYours—anewbookthatdocuments“collaborativeconsumption”—envisionsaworldinwhicheveryone’sstuffreportsitsstatusinrealtime:Whereistherightnow?Isitavailableforusebysomeoneelse?Yourpropertycouldcirculatefordaysormonths,makingyourmoneyinsteadofmoldinginyourgarage“We’refacingarevolutioninthewaywethinkofownership,”Botsmansays.Or,toputitotherway,yourdrillmaybemydrill,too.1.Intheopeningparagraph,theauthorintroduceshistopicby（

）.2.WhichofthefollowingistrueofZilok?3.Peer-to-peerrentingessentiallyfeatures（

）.

4.ItcanbeconcludedthatthesuccessofZimridemainlyliesintheabilityof（

）.问题1选项A.bringingupahypothesisB.givinganexampleC.tracingbacktheoriginD.makingacomparison问题2选项A.Itisresponsibleforpricingtheitemsforrent.B.ItoffersthefastestcarrentalservicesinFrance.C.Itprovidesinsuranceforvaluableitemsrented.D.Itdevelopsvigorouslyinthepastfewyears.问题3选项A.flexibleownershipB.awiderangeofservicesC.high-techmarketingD.ecologicalconservation问题4选项A.persuadingpeopletoshareridesB.establishingtrustamongstrangersC.buildingavastinterpersonalnetworkD.findingsufficientpotentialcustomers8.单选题JimFixhadbeenaheavysmokerandweighed214poundswhenhetookuprunninginthe1960s.Hesoon_51_thebenefitsfromrunning.Hisweightdecreasedby60poundsbythetimehisbookTheCompleteBookofRunningwaspublished.Hisbook_52_millionsofpeople.Inhisbookandontelevisiontalkshows.Hepraisedthebenefitsofphysicalexerciseandhowit_53_andincreasedtheaveragepeople’slifeexpectancy.Hisreadersandaudiencebecamemorehealth-conscious.However,totheirshock,Fixdiedattheageof52afterhisdailyrun.Manywhoopposedhisbeliefssaidthiswas_54_thatrunningwasharmful.However,hissupporters_55_thattherealcauseofFix’sdeathwasaheartattack.Hecamefromafamilywheremenhadpoorhealthstories.Hisfather_56aheartattackattheageof35anddiedofoneat42.GivenFix’sunhealthylifestyleuntilhetookuprunning,manyarguedthatrunningaddedmanyyearstohislife.“Runningdoeshaveitsshortcomings,”_57_heartspecialistPaulThomas,inarecentmedicaljournal.“The_58_canbehardonyourknees.Runnersaremoreatriskduringtheirtraining,_59_iftheyrunmarathons._60_,thenewsforrunnersisn’tallbad.Evidencesuggestsinspiteofitsshortcomings,moderateamountofrunningexercisecanactuallyresultinalonger,improvedlife.”问题1选项A.praisedB.favoredC.reapedD.applied问题2选项A.inspiredB.disappointedC.awardedD.rewarded问题3选项A.compatiblyB.disappointedC.awardedD.rewarded问题4选项A.enduranceB.evidenceC.supplementD.allowance问题5选项A.rewroteB.revisedC.reversedD.revealed问题6选项A.obtainedB.sustainedC.sufferedD.surpassed问题7选项A.acknowledgesB.pledgesC.communicatesD.apologizes问题8选项A.consequenceB.impactC.weightD.press问题9选项A.explicitlyB.particularlyC.commonlyD.singularly问题10选项A.HoweverB.FurthermoreC.MoreoverD.Also9.单选题1.BurtonFeldman,authorofTheNobelPrize:AHistoryofGenius,Controversy,andPrestige,exploresthreesignificantquestionsabouttheNobelPrizes.Thefirstiswhytheybecamesofamousandinfluential.Today,aNobellaureateisgrantedbothapriestlyauraandrealpowers.Perhapsmostpervasivelyinthesciences,laureatesshapefieldsandthepublicperceptionofthem.Likeeverythingthatinspirespublicaweandjealousy,theNobelsawakentheimpsofsatire,notablyintheyearlyanointingoftheIgnobelPrizes.Inpart,theamountofmoneytheprizecarries(about$910,000in2000)matters;cashvalueblurseasilyintocachet.LearningfromtheNobel,newerprizesthatwantvisibilityandprestigeoftenwritebigcheckstothewinners.Severalearlywinners,especiallyMarieCurie,thepoorstudentwhosufferedbuttriumphedforscience,cameequippedwithcompelling,media-friendlystories.Oncefamous,theprizes,liketheOscars,garneredpublicityeachyearsimplybecausetheywerethere.Aisc,asMr.Feldmanrightlysuggests,weneedabridgebetween“esotericknowledge,highintellectualachievementandthemarketplace.”Wecannotunderstandexactlywhatalaureatedidthatissomagnificent,butwecanunderstandtheNobelstampofapproval,thebrandname.AsMr.Feldmanwrites,“Wherecomprehensionfails,celebrityfillsin.”Wetrustthat“Nobelity”computeswithnobility.2.Thetruebelieverwouldassertthatwerespect,evenrevere,theNobelPrizebecausethewinnerspatentlyandintrinsicallydeserveit.Merithastriumphedoverthemundaneandmediocre.Mr.Feldman’ssecondquestioniswhetherithas.Lotsoflobbyinggoeson;giventhestakes,thepolitickingcangetrelentless.Itis,however,onlyonefeatureofaselectionprocessthatisbothcompetitiveandstandardizedenoughtoproduceawinningNobelprofile.Mr.FeldmansardonicallyofferspracticaladvicetoaNobelwannabe:TrytoliveinBritain,theUnitedStatesorGermany;gotoaneliteschool;haveagoodmentor,beintherightplace;workhardattherightproblem;winotherprizes;livealongtime,(Thereisoftenatime-lagbetweenachievementandNobelrecognition—16yearsinthecaseofEinstein.In1948,whenT.S.Eliotwasrecognized,hewas60yearsoldandstoopedwithhonors.)3.TheNobelblundersarepublicknowledge.Themanwhopioneeredpre-frontallobotomiessuccessfullyangledforaNobel;DmitriMendeleev,whoinventedtheperiodictableoftheelements,wasneveralaureate.Fordecades,atomicphysicswaspreferredtoastrophysicsandgeophysics.Onecouldlistfurtherexamples—buteveryprizecompetitionmakeserrorsofcommissionandomission.4.ThethirdquestionthatMr.Feldmanexploresiswhymistakeshappen,eveninthishonorablecompetition.TheNobels,likeallbutthemostflexibleandidiosyncraticofprizecompetitions,mustworkwithinguidelinesandparameters.Theymayultimatelyconstrictit—likeplaqueinanartery.ThetermsofNobel’swillmayhavehelpedtodeformtheliteratureawardsbydemandingworkof“anidealistictendency”.Ingeneral,theprizeshaveunderwrittenthemisleadingmythofthetoweringgeniuswhosesolitaryworkwouldeventuallyhelpmany.Thisstressontheheroicindividualmaysoonerorlaterconflictwiththenatureofcontemporaryscience,inwhichmajorworkisdonebyteams—scoresorhundredsoreventhousandsofpeople.5.Thegenius-dubbingbusinessisneveranybetterthanitsselectionprocess.Thenamesthatsurvivetheprocesscanbenomorecompellingthanthenamessubmitted:garbagein,garbageout,croniesandprotegesin,croniesandprotegesout.(Thisyear’slaureateinliterature,GaoXingjian,hasashistranslatorandbenefactoroneofthe18membersoftheSwedishAcademythetinygroupchargedwithchoosingthewinner)Aisc,peopleintheselectionprocesscanbeatoncemanipulativeandpolitical(whichcorrodesfairness),andconvincedoftheirowngoodfaithandrectitude(whichblindsthemtotheirownweaknessesandthoseoftheirculture).SecrecyasstrictasthatwhichcloakstheNobelPrizecanhinderfresh,correctivecriticism.6.Mr.Feldman’sconclusionsabouttheNobelsaremeasured,moderateandplausible.Thescienceprizesemergewiththebestrecord;literature,althoughithasbecomemoreadventurousandlessparochial,hasbeenmixed;peace,themostovertlypolitical,reflectsconflictsaboutitspurpose;andeconomicsisthemostinsular,questionedbyseveralofitsmostprominentlaureatestoMr.Feldman’sovertscorn.Onbalance,hebelievesthattheprizesare“healthier”thantheywereacenturyago;a“desperatelyneededsymbolofauthorityandcoherenceinanagewhenallstandardsareunderattack”;andastimulusforourcapacitytowonderatgreatness.1.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whichofthefollowingisoneofthereasonstheNobelbecamesofamousandinfluential?2.Thesecondparagraphmakesthepointthat（

）.3.AllofthefollowingmayexplainwhytheNobelblundersaremadeEXCEPTthat（

）.

4.AccordingtoMr.Feldman,whichofthefollowingismoreacceptable?5.Mr.Feldmanwouldmostlikelyagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatements?问题1选项A.Itisasymboloffairplay.B.Ithonorshighintellectualachievement.C.Itwritesbigchecks.D.Itattractslotsofcelebrities.问题2选项A.NobelprizesmaynotbeawardedbasedonmeritB.politickingisthemostimportantfactorintheselectionprocessC.thereisalackofefficiencyintheselectionprocessD.it'sbecomingincreasinglydifficultforonetobecomeaNobellaureate问题3选项A.theNobelistooflexibleB.theNobelstrictlyfollowstheselectionprinciplesC.theopinionsofthemembersoftheSwedishAcademycanbebiasedD.theselectionprocesslackstransparency问题4选项A.Thescienceprizes.B.Theliteratureprizes.C.Thepeaceprizes.D.Theeconomicsprizes.问题5选项A.TheNobelismoreimportantthanwerealize.B.TheNobelshouldbeabolished.C.TheNobel,thoughnotwithoutitsproblems,isstillnecessary.D.TheNobelshouldserveasarolemodelforotherprizes.10.单选题1.Anewstudyusesanunusualsource—proverbs—revealculturaldifferencesinhowChineseandAmericancitizensviewrisksandrisk-taking.2.WhenChineseandAmericanstudentscomparedproverbsfromtheircountriestheyagreed:Chineseproverbsgenerallyadvocatedgreaterrisk-takingthandidAmericanproverbs.3.TheseresultshelpexplainearlierresearchthathasfoundChinesecitizensareindeedmorewillingtotakefinancialrisksthanareAmericans,saidElkeWeber,coauthorofthestudyandaprofessorofpsychologyatOhioStateUniversity.4.“Proverbsarepartofanation’scultureandreflectthenation’sbeliefsandvalues,”saidWeber.“Bylookingatproverbs,wewereabletoshowthatlong-standingculturaldifferencesareonereasonthattheChinesearemorerisk-seekingthanAmericanswhenitcomestofinancialissues,”Webersaid.5.WeberconductedthestudywithChristopherHseeoftheUniversityofChicagoandJoannaSokolowskaoftheAcademyofSciencesinWarsaw,Poland.TheresultswerepublishedinarecentissueofthejournalOrganizationalBehaviorandHumanDecisionProcesses.6.StudentsfromthetwocountriesratedAmericanproverbssuchas“Abirdinthehandisworthtwointhebush,”andChineseproverbssuchas“Failureisthemotherofsuccess.”7.Thestudyalsofoundsomedifferencesinhowstudentsfromthetwocountriesviewedproverbs.Forexample,Chinesecitizensgenerallyviewedproverbsasadvocatingmoreriskinfinancialsituationsthaninsocialsituations.TherewasnosuchdistinctionmadebyAmericanparticipants.8.WebersaidthecollectivistcultureofChina―aculturethatemphasizescommitmenttofamily—allowspeopletotakegreaterfinancialrisksbecausecitizensknowtheirnetworkoffriendsandfamilywillhelptheminacrisis.However,becauseoftheimportanceoftheirsocialnetwork,Chinesearelesswillingtotakesocialrisksinwhichtheymightalienatefriendsorfamily.9.InAmerica’sindividualisticculture,peoplehavetobemorecarefulfinanciallybecausetheydon’thavethe“cushion”ofasocialnetworktofallbackon,Webersaid.Ontheotherhand,Americansdon’thavetoworryasmuchabouttheirsocialnetwork.“Theproverbsofeachcountryreflectthesedifferingculturalvaluesandconcerns,”Webersaid.10.Inonestudy,82Americanand87Chinesecollegestudentswereaskedtorate34proverbs—17fromeachcountry—thathadsomeadviceaboutdealingwithrisk.Theproverbsweretranslatedintotheparticipants’nativelanguagesandparticipantswerenottoldwhichcountrytheproverbswerefrom.11.Theparticipantswerethenaskedifeachproverbpromotedriskaversionorriskseekingintwodifferentsituations,onefinancialandonesocial.Theyratedtheproverbsonafive-pointscaleinwhich1wasrisk-averse,3wasneutraland5wasriskseeking.12.TheparticipantsfromeachcountryratedChineseproverbsasmoreriskseekingingeneralthantheAmericanproverbs,Webersaid.Forexample,inonegroupofproverbs,AmericanstudentsgavetheAmericanproverbsanaveragescoreof2.83,andtheChineseproverbsanaveragescoreof3.07.13.However,WebersaidtheevidencewasclearthatChinesepeoplebelieveproverbsadvocatemoreriskseekinginfinancialsituationsthantheydoinsocialsituations.14.Inaddition,Chineseproverbsseemtodealmorewiththeproblemsofsocialrisk-takingthandoAmericanproverbs,reflectingthecountries’differingvalues.Forexample,Americanstudentssaid95percentofAmericanproverbswereapplicabletofinancialdecisions,butonly63percentwereapplicabletosocialdecisions.ButAmericansthought78percentofChineseproverbswereapplicabletofinancialdecisionsand73percentwereapplicabletosocialdecisions.15.“TheChinesearemuchmoreinterestedthanAmericansinprotectingtheirsocialnetworks.”Webersaid.“ThesefindingsareconsistentwiththenotionthatChinais,andhaslongbeen,acollectivistsocietyandAmericaanindividualisticone.”16.Asecondstudy,whichalsoincludedGermanproverbs,foundthatpeopleratedGermanproverbsinbetweenthosefromAmericaandChina—butclosertoChinese—intermsofriskseekingandriskaversion.Thatmakessense,Webersaid,becauseGermancultureisquitecollectivistinasocialsense,muchlikeChina’s,eventhoughthecountryhasaneconomicsystemthatismorelikeAmerica’s.17.Webersaidthisresearchisimportantforseveralreasons.Forone,itshowshowresearcherscanuseculturalproducts—suchasproverbs,novels,ornurseryrhymes—tohelpexplaincross-culturaldifferencesinbeliefsandbehavior.Theseresultsalsohaveapracticaluseinhelpingpeopleinvolvedininternationalnegotiationstobetterunderstandculturaldifferences.“Whenyouaredealingwithsomeonefromanothercountry,itisimportanttoknowiftherearedifferencesinperceptionsorvaluesthatcanaffectnegotiations.Inthiscase,ifyouknowtheotherpersonhasdifferentriskperceptionsorriskpreferencesthanyou,itispossibletodevelopanagreementthatleavesbothsidesbetteroff.”1.Thestudyusedproverbsbecause（

）.2.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEoftheproverbs"Abirdinthehandisworthtwointhebush"and"Failureisthemotherofsuccess"?3.TheChineseadvocatemorerisk-takinginfinancialsituationsbecause（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingistrueofasocietythatemphasizesindividualvalues?5.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbeconcludedfromthepassage?I.Apersonwhoenjoysgoodsocialrelationstendstoriskhimselffinancially.II.Apersonwhoenjoysgoodsocialrelationstendstobeconcernedabouttheproblemtherein.III.Apersonwhodoesn'tcareaboutsocialnetworktendstotakemoresocialrisks.问题1选项A.ChinaandAmericahaveapproximatelythesamenumberofproverbsB.mostproverbsdealwithrisk-takingC.thesubjectshadalargerepertoireofproverbsD.proverbsareculture-ladenexpressions问题2选项A.Theyarethemostquotedproverbs.B.Theyrevealdifferentattitudestowardrisk-taking.C.Theyinvolvedifferentimages.D.Theyexpressthesameproposition.问题3选项A.theyareaheadlongpeopleB.theyarefinanciallydisadvantagedC.theyhavethe"cushion"ofsocialnetworkD.theyhavemorefinancialopportunities问题4选项A.Itscitizenstendtocareaboutsocialnetwork.B.Itscitizensarefamily-oriented.C.Itscitizensarerisk-taking.D.Itscitizenscaremoreaboutthemselvesfinancially.问题5选项A.IonlyB.IIonlyC.BothIandIIID.I,IIandIII第1卷参考答案一.综合题1.【答案】B【解析】考查副词辨析。straightforwardly意为“正直地”；notably意为“尤其，特别”；virtually意为“实际上，实质上”；exceptionally意为“例外地，异常地”。句意：已遭到来自一些社会团体的强烈反对，尤其是来自农业区。2.【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。guilt意为“有罪，犯罪行为”；charge意为“收费，指控”；blame意为“(坏事或错事的)责任，责备”，taketheblamefor意为“承担……的责任”；accusation意为“指责，谴责”。句意：总经理承担了事故的责任，尽管并不真的是他的错。3.【答案】C【解析】考查副词辨析。incidentally意为“偶然，附带地”；actually意为“实际上”；alternatively意为“(引出第二种选择或可能的建议)要不，或者”；accordingly意为“因此，于是”。句意：他们认为这些与国防有关的研究项目是否能提高人们的生活水平或者能保护我们日益减少的资源是值得怀疑的。4.【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。constrain意为“强制，限制”；conduct意为“组织”；condense意为“精简，压缩（文字、信息等）”；converge意为“汇集，聚集”。句意：市长被要求压缩他的演讲，以便让听众可以提问。5.【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。elapse意为“（时间）消逝，过去”；occupy意为“使用，占用”；circulate意为“循环，传播”；detach意为“分离，拆开”。句意：自从他们开始讨论这个问题以来，已经花了太多时间。6.【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。fade意为“变暗，衰退，衰落”；decrease意为“减少，降低”；retreat意为“撤退，后退”；shrink意为“收缩，缩小”。句意：穿一件比你平时穿的大一点的衬衫，因为这个材料洗过后会缩水。7.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B【解析】1.推理判断题。由文章第一段中的第一句Threeyearsago,FrenchentrepreneurGaryCigewashelpingafriendhangamirrorinhiscountryhousewhentheyrealizedtheyneededadrill.（三年前，法国企业家GaryCige帮助一位朋友在他的乡村别墅挂一面镜子，这时他们意识到自己需要一个钻头）和最后一句Whywasn’ttheresomeeasywaytofindadrilltorent—forjustafewbucks?（为什么找不到一个简单的方法来租钻头——只要几元钱呢？）可知作者通过讲述GaryCige创立Zilok的起源来介绍他的主题，因此选C。2.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Peoplepostpossessionsthey’rewillingtorentout,alongwithaprice.（人们把他们愿意出租的财产连同价格一起贴出来）可知与A选项“它负责定价物品的租金”不符；由第二段中的it’sthefastest-growingrenterofcarsinFrance（它拥有的汽车租赁用户数量增加最快）可知与B选项“它提供法国最快的汽车租赁服务”不符；由第二段中的and—inFrance—evenissuesinsuranceforyouritem.（并且在法国甚至可以给你出租的物品上保险）可知与C选项“它为租用的贵重物品提供保险”不符；通过排除法，因此选D。3.推理判断题。由文章第三段中的whileothersletpeopleexchangethingstheyown.（而让人们可以交换他们自己的东西）和第四段中的Inessence,we’reseeinganewrelationshiptoproperty—whereaccesstrumpsownership.（从本质上讲，我们看到的是一种新的财产关系——在这种关系中，使用权高于所有权）可推测面对面租赁最本质的特征是灵活的所有权，因此选A。4.推理判断题。由文章第五段中的ZimrideletspeoplesharerideswithfriendsoffriendsfromFacebook...Thelimitingfactorbeforewastrust.（Zimride让人们和来自社交网络上的朋友分享骑行……以前，限制因素是信任）可推测Zimride的成功主要在于它打破了之前陌生人之间的不信任，因此选B。8.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:D第6题:C第7题:A第8题:B第9题:B第10题:A【解析】51.考查逻辑关系。由前面句意“JimFix在20世纪60年代开始跑步时，曾是一名烟民，体重214磅”和后面句意“他的体重减少了60磅”可知此处表示跑步带来的好处，因此填reap（取得（成果），收获）。52.考查逻辑关系。由前面可知JimFix在出版书时，通过跑步体重减少了60磅，这是一件正面积极的事，可知此处表示他的书鼓励了其他人，因此选A。53.考查逻辑关系。由空格后的andincreasedtheaveragepeople’slifeexpectancy（并提高人的平均寿命）可知D选项最为恰当，表示“运动是怎样回报人的，以及增加人均寿命”。54.考查名词辨析。endurance意为“忍耐力，耐久力”；evidence意为“证据，迹象”；supplement意为“补充”；allowance意为“津贴，补贴”。此处表示很多反对他的人说他的死是证明跑步有害的证据，因此选B。55.考查动词辨析。rewrite意为“重写，改写”；revise意为“修改（意见或计划），修订（书刊）”；reverse意为“颠倒，使反转”；reveal意为“揭示，显示”。此处表示“他的支持者揭示出他的真正死因是心脏病”，因此选D。56.考查动词辨析。obtain意为“获得，得到”；sustain意为“维持，保持”；suffer意为“遭受”；surpass意为“超过”。此处表示“他的父亲在35岁时遭受心脏病”，因此选C。57.考查动词辨析。acknowledge意为“承认”；pledge意为“保证，誓言”；communicate意为“沟通，交流”；apologize意为“道歉，认错”。此处表示“PaulThomas承认跑步的不足之处”，因此选A。58.考查名词辨析。consequence意为“结果，成果”；impact意为“影响”；weight意为“重量”；press意为“压，按”。此处表示“对膝盖的影响会比较大”，因此选B。59.考查副词辨析。explicitly意为“明白地，明确地”；particularly意为“特别，尤其”；commonly意为“通常地”；singularly意为“非常地”。此处表示“跑步的人在训练中的风险更大，尤其是如果他们跑马拉松的话”，因此选B。60.考查逻辑关系。由空格后的thenewsforrunnersisn’tallbad（对于跑步者来说，这个消息并不全是坏消息）以及空格前提到跑步的不好之处，可知此处表示对比，因此选A，however意为“然而”，可表示转折关系。9.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:A第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Inpart,theamountofmoneytheprizeca