2023年用合并句子法讲解定语从句

用合并句子法讲解定语从句

定语从句是高中英语教学中重要的语法部分，同步也是为下一步学好其他从句（名词性

从句）打好基础。但在实际英语教学中，学生由于对英语句子成分没有清晰的概念，因此导

致对定语从句知其然而不知其因此然。在专家定语从句时，应先从句子成分入手，使学生先

理解什么是定语，然后在运用合并句子的方式解析定语从句是怎样构成的，并引出引导词的

使用措施。

一、什么是定语

句子中修饰名词或代词的成分叫做定语。定语可以由形容词，名词，不定式，

分词，动名词或从句来充当。

eg:

Iboughtan（expensive）computer.（形容词）

Imetsomeone（funny）onmywaytoschool.（形容词）（修饰不定代词欧J定语后置）

sheisan（English）teacher.（名词）

Ihavealotofwork（todo）.（不定式）

Thebook（writtenbyTom）isverypopularnow.（过去分词短语）

Wecanseethe（rising）sun.（目前分词）=thesunisrising.

Heisinthe（reading）room.（动名词）=theroomforreading

Theboy（whobrokethewindow）isTom'sbrother.（从句）

二、定语从句

两个术语：先行词，关系词

先行词：被修饰的名词、名词词组或代词

关系词(关系代词或关系副词)：连接先行词与定语从句的词。

关系代词有:who,whom,whose,that,which等;关系副词有：when,where,why等;

1、关系词在定语从句中充当主语

先行词为人时

(1)两个单句为TheboysarefromClassOne.Theboysareplayingfootball.

(2)第一句为主句，第二句为从句，将两个单句合并为一句。

Theboys(theboysareplayingfootball)arefromClassOne.

(3)括号中句子里的主语theboys,和先行词是同一种词，应当用关系词替代从句中反复

theboys.Theboys在从句中作主语，关系词中能作主语并代表人的I是who,that

Theboys(who\thatareplayingfootball)arefromClassOne.

(4)who\that==theboys,在定语从句中做主语的成分，并连接先行词和定语从句。

先行词为物时

(1)Ifoundtheletter.Thelettercameyesterday.

(2)IfoundTheletter(thelettercameyesterday).

(3)用关系词替代从句中反复的theletter,关系词中能作主语并代表物的是which,that

IfoundTheletter(which\thatcameyesterday).

(4)which\that==theletter,在定语从句中做主语的成分，并连接先行词和定语从句。

2.关系词在定语从句中充当宾语

先行词为人时

(1)Themanismyfriend.Youmetthemanjustnow

(2)Theman(youmetthemanjustnow)ismyfriend.

(3)用关系词替代从句中反复的theman,关系词中能作宾语并代表人的是whom,that

Theman(whom\thatyoumetjustnow)ismyfriend.

(4)whom\that==theman,在定语从句中做宾语的成分，并连接先行词和定语从句。

做宾语的I关系词whom\that可以省略Theman(youmetjustnow)ismyfriend.

先行词为物时

(1)Thisisthepen.Heboughtthepenyesterday.

(2)Thisisthepen(heboughtthepenyesterday).

(3)用关系词替代从句中反复的thepen,关系词中能作宾语并代表物的是which,that

Thisisthepen(which\thatheboughtyesterday).

(4)which\that==thepen,在定语从句中做宾语欧I成分，并连接先行词和定语从句。

做宾语的］关系词which\that可以省略Thisisthepen(heboughtyesterday).

3.关系词在定语从句中充当定语

(1)Ihelpedtheman.Theman'scarwasbroken.

(2)Ihelpedtheman(theman'scarwasbroken).

(3)theman's是名词所有格，起到定语的作用修饰car,用关系词替代从句中反复的theman,

关系词中能作定语，表达〃谁的〃是whose

Ihelpedtheman(whosecarwasbroken).

(4)whose=theman's,在定语从句中做定语，并连接先行词和定语从句。

Whose不仅可以表达〃谁的〃，还可以指物，表达〃什么的〃。例如:

Ioncelivedinahouse.Theroofofthehousehasfallenin.

Ioncelivedinahouse(theroofofthehousehasfallenin).

Ioncelivedinahouse(whoreroofhasfallenin).

此句还可以改为：

Ioncelivedinahouse(theroofofwhichhasfallenin).

4.关系词在定语从句中充当状语时

时间状语

(1)Istillremembertheday.Ifirstcametotheschoolontheday.

(2)Istillremembertheday(Ifirstcametotheschoolontheday).

⑶反复欧I词是theday,ontheday在从句中充当时间状语的成分，关系词中能作时间状语日勺

词是when.

Istillremembertheday(whenIfirstcametotheschool).

(4)when=ontheday,在定语从句中做时间状语，并连接先行词和定语从句。

地点状语

(1)Thehousehasbeenpulleddown.Jlivedinthehousetenyearsago.

(2)Thehouse(Ilivedinthehousetenyearsago)hasbeenpulleddown.

⑶反复的I词是thehouse,inthehouse在从句中做地点状语的J成分，关系词中能作地点状语

的词是where.

Thehouse(whereIlivedtenyearsago)hasbeenpulleddown.

⑷where=inthehouse,在定语从句中做地点状语，并连接先行词和定语从句。

原因状语

(1)Thereasonisnotclear.Herefusedtheinvitationforthereason.

(2)Thereason(herefusedtheinvitationforthereason)isnotclear.

⑶反复的词是thereason,forthereason在从句中做原因状语区I成分，关系词中能作原因状

语日勺词是why.

Thereason(whyherefusedtheinvitation)isnotclear.

(4)why=forthereason,在定语从句中做原因状语，并连接先行词和定语从句。

此外关系副词when,where,why可以改为，介词+which,介词取决于与先行词区I搭配。

例如：

Istillremembertheday(whenIfirstcametotheschool).

==Istillremembertheday(onwhichIfirstcametotheschool).

Thehouse(whereIlivedtenyearsago)hasbeenpulleddown.

==Thehouse(inwhichIlivedtenyearsago)hasbeenpulleddown.

Thereason(whyherefusedtheinvitation)isnotclear.

==Thereason(forwhichherefusedtheinvitation)isnotclear.

根据关系词在从句中所充当的成分，可总结如下：

一从句缺主语who,that,

先行词是人从句缺宾语whom,that,who,省略

从句缺定语whose

关系代词

从句缺主语which,that

―<

先行词是物从句缺宾语which,that,省略

从句缺定语whose

指时间when

关系副词

指地点where

指原因why

.Shewastalkingwithalady.Hersonwasill

2.Yousentmysisterapresent.Thankyouverymuchforit.

3.Theclotheshavebeencleaned.I'mwearingthem.

4.Heissittinginachair.ltisbroken.

5.Sheisaperson.Everyonelikestomakefriendswithher.

2.Hewillalwaysremembertheyears.Hespenttheyearsinthelittlevillageas

achild.

3.Theclotheshavebeencleaned.I'mwearingthem.

4.Heissittinginachair.Itisbroken.

5.Everyonelikestomakefriendswithher.Sheisaperson.

6.Canyoutellmethereason?Y