英语四级55篇阅读理解练习

1.WhenIwasgrowingup,thewholeworldwasJewish.Theheroes

wereJewishandthevillainswereJewish.Thelandlord,thedoctor,the

grocer,yourbestfriend,thevillageidiot,andtheneighborhoodbully:

allJewish.Wewereworkingclassandimmigrantsaswell,butthatjust

comewiththeterritory.EssentiallywewereJewsonthestreetsofNew

York.Welearnedtobekind,cruel,andsmartandfeelinginamixture

oflanguageandgesturethatwaspartstreetslang,partgrade-school

English,partkitchenYiddish.

OneSundayeveningwhenIwaseightyearsoldmyparentsandI

wereridinginthebackseatofmyrichuncle'scar.Wehadbeenoutfor

arideandnowwewerebackintheBronx,headedforhome.Suddenly,

anothercarsideswipedus.Mymotherandauntshrieked.Myuncle

sworesoftly.Myfather,inwhoselapIwassitting,saidoutthewindow

atthespeedingcar,“That'sallright.NothingbutafewJewsinhere."In

aninstantIkneweverything.Iknewtherewasaworldbeyondour

streets,andinthatworldmyfatherwasahumiliatedman,without

powerorstanding.

WhenIwassixteenagirlinthenextbuildinghadhernose

straightened;weallwenttogethertoseeSelmaShapirolyinginstate,

wrappedinbandagesfromwhichwouldemergeapersonfitforlife

beyondtheblock.Threebuildingsawayaboywentdowntownforajob,

andonhisapplicationhewrote“AnoldBrown^^insteadof“Anold

Braunowiitz.”Thenewssweptthroughtheneighborhoodlikeawild

fire.Anamechange?Whatwashappeninghere?Itwasawful;itwas

wonderful.Itwasfrightening;itwasdelicious.Whateveritwas,it

wasn'tstandstill.Thingfeltlivelyandactive.Self-confidencewasonthe

rise,passivityonthewane.Weweregoingtoexperiencechallenges.

That'swhatitmeanttobeinthenewworld.Forthefirsttimewecould

imagineourselvesoutthere.

ButwhomexactlydoImeanwhenIsaywe?ImeanArinie,not

Selma.Imeanmybrother,notme.Imeantheboys,notthegirls.My

motherstoodbehindme,pushingmeforward."Thegirlsgoesto

college,t。。,“shesaid.AndIdid.Butmygoingtocollegewouldnot

meanthesamethingasmybrother'sgoingtocollege,andweallknew

it.Formybrother,collegemeantgoingfromtheBronxtoManhattan.

Butforme?FromthetimeIwasfourteenIyearnedtogetoutofthe

Bronx,butgetoutintowhat?Ididnotactuallyimaginemyselfa

workingpersonalo

neinManhattanandnobodyelsedideither.WhatIdidimaginewas

thatIwouldmarry,andthatthemanImarriedwouldgetme

downtown.Hewouldbreaktheperilsofclassandrace,andsomehow

I'dbetherealongsidehim.

1.1nthepassage,wecanfindtheauthorwas____.

A)quitesatisfiedwithherlife

B)apoorJewishgirl

C)borninamiddle-classfamily

D)aresidentinarichareainNewYork

2.Whydidtheauthor'sfathersay"NothingbutafewJewsinhere”?

A)Hewasaskingforhelp.

B)Hewascomplaining.

C)Hewasreassuring.

D)Hewantedtoknowwhytheircarwassideswiped.

3.SelmaShapirohadhernosestraightenedbecauseshewanted

A)tolookherbest

B)tofindanewjobintheneighborhood

C)toliveanewlifeinotherplaces

D)tomarryverysoon

4.AnoldBrownchangedhisnamebecause.

A)therewasracialdiscriminationinemployment

B)BrownwasjustthesameasBraunowiitz

C)itwaseasytowrite

D)Brownsoundsbetter

5.Fromthepassagewecaninferthat___.

A)theJewsweresatisfiedwiththeirlifeintheBronx

B)theJewishimmigrantscouldnotberich

C)alltheimmigrantswereverypoor

D)theyoungJewsdidn'tacceptthesternreality

2.Unlikeanyearlierbuildingcomplexanywhereintheworld,

RockefellerinNewYorkCitywasbuilt,notasaplacewherepeople

couldlive,butasacityinwhichtheycouldwork.Itwasthebiggest

buildingprojectofitskind,acitywithinacity,andoftheforerunnerof

projectsthathavesprungupallovertheworld.30architects,120

draftsmen,andhundredsofotherartistsandtechnicianswere

employedjusttodrafttheplans.Beforethebuildingscouldbe

erected,229oldbuildingshadtobeemptiedof4,000tenantsand

razed.Justtobuyuptheleasestookovertwoyearsandcostover

$6,000,000.Theunusualshapeandsetbacksofthe70-storyRCA

buildingresultedprimarilyfrompracticalconsiderationssuchas

lighting,themovementofpeopleandthebuilding'sservices.The

lowerconcourseandbasementlevelweresetasideforshops.A

sunkenplaza,completewithgardensandfountains,wasdesignedto

provideaccesstotheseshops.Todaytheplaza,whichisusedfor

ice-skatinginwinteranddininganddancinginsummer,isoneofthe

centre'smostpopularattractions.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementisthemainideaofthepassage?

A)Thepleasantworkenvironment.

B)ThepurposeoftheRCAbuildingsetbacks.

C)TherecreationalfacilitiesatRockefeller.

D)ThearchitecturalsignificanceofRockefellercentre.

2.Fromthepassageweknow,Rockefellercentrewasoriginallyplaned

toserveaswhatkindofcomplex?

A)Commercial.

B)Recreational.

C)Housing.

D)Tourist.

3.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutRockefellercentre?

A)Itwaspatternedafteranancientdesign.

B)Ithasbeenimitatednumeroustimes.

C)Allshopkeeperswererequiredtotaketwo-yearleases.

D)4,000tenantsarelocatedinthecomplex.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whatdoestheshapeoftheRCAbuilding

reflect?

A)Architecturalcreativity.

B)Cityregulation.

C)Practicalconsiderations.

D)Decreasedspaceneeds.

5.ThesunkenplazaatRockefellercentrewasoriginallydesignedas

-

\

)

A/anentranceofshops

\

B)

/anice-skatingrink

C\

J

/arestaurant

atouristattraction

3.Inoneverylongsentence,theintroductiontotheU.N.Charter

expressestheidealsandthecommonaimsofallthepeopleswhose

governmentsjoinedtogethertoformtheU.N.

"WethepeoplesoftheU.N.determinedtosavesucceeding

generationsfromthescourgeofwar,whichtwiceinourlifetimehas

broughtuntoldsufferingtomankind,andtoreaffirmfaithinfundamental

rights,inthedignityandworthofthehumanperson,intheequalrightsof

menandwomenandofnationslargeandsmall,andtoestablish

conditionsunderwhichjusticeandrespectfortheobligationsarising

fromtreatiesandothersourcesofinternationallawcanbementioned,and

topromotesocialprogressandbetterstandardsoflifeinlargerfreedom,

andfortheseends,topractisetoleranceandlivetogetherinpeacewith

oneanotherasgoodneighbors,andtouniteourstrengthtomaintain

internationalpeaceandsecurity,andtoensure,bytheacceptanceof

principlesandtheinstitutionofmethods,thatarmedforceshallnotbe

used,saveinthecommoninterest,andtoemployinternationalmachinery

forthepromotionofeconomicandsocialadvancementofallpeople,

haveresolvedtocombineoureffortstoaccomplishtheseaims".

Thename"UnitedNations"isaccreditedtoU.S.PresidentFranklin

D.Roosevelt,andthefirstgroupofrepresentativesofmemberstatesmet

andsignedadeclarationofcommonintentonNewYear'sDayin1942.

Representativesoffivepowersworkedtogethertodrawupproposals,

completedatDumbartonOaksin1944.

Theseproposals,modifiedafterdeliberationattheconferenceof

InternationalOrganizationinSanFranciscowhichbeganinApril1945,

werefinallyagreedonandsignedastheU.N.Charterby50countrieson

26June1945.Poland,notrepresentedattheconference,signedthe

Charterlaterandwasaddedtothelistoforiginalmembers.Itwasnot

untilthatautumn,however,aftertheCharterhadbeenratifiedbyChina,

France,theU.S.S.R.,theU.K.andtheU.S.andbyamajorityofthe

otherparticipantsthatU.N.officiallycameintoexistence.

Thedatewas24October,nowuniversallycelebratedasUnited

Nations'Day.TheessentialfunctionsoftheU.N.aretomaintain

internationalpeaceandsecurity,todevelopfriendlyrelationsamong

nations,tocooperateinternationallyinsolvinginternationaleconomic,

social,culturalandhumanproblems,promotingrespectforhumanrights

andfundamentalfreedomsandtobeacentreforco-ordinatingtheactions

ofnationsinattainingthesecommonends.

NocountrytakesprecedenceoveranotherintheU.N..Each

member'srightsandobligationsarethesame.Allmustcontributeto

peacefulsettlementofinternationaldisputes,andmembershavepledged

torefrainfromthethreatoruseofforceagainstotherstates.Thoughthe

U.N.hasnorighttointerveneinanystate'sinternalaffairs,ittriesto

ensurethatnon-memberstatesactaccording

toitsprinciplesofinternationalpeaceandsecurity.U.N.membermust

offerveryassistanceinanapprovedU.N.actionandinnowayassist

statesagainstwhichtheU.N.istakingpreventiveorenforcement

action.

l.ThefirststatedaimoftheU.N.was.

A)tosupervisepeaceandtreatiesB)toreviseinternationallaws

C)topreventathirdworldwarD)toassistthe“thirdworld^^countries

2.Underitscharter,theU.N.guarantees.

A)nevertousearmsB)toemployinternationalmachines

C)tobetterstandardsoflifeD)topromoteeconomicandsocial

advancement

3.TheU.N.cameintoexistencefullyin.

A)1942B)1944C)1940D)1945

4.TheessentialfunctionsoftheU.N..

A)arelimitedtodiscussionsanddebates

B)includeco-ordinatingactionswherenecessary

C)areonlyconcernedwithhumanrights

D)areeconomicandculture

5.Acountry'sdomesticpolicies.

A)cannotbeforciblychangedbytheU.N.

B)areofteninvestigatedbytheU.N.

C)areoftenenforcedbytheU.N.

D)arenotallowedtobenefitfromU.N.adviceorassistance

4.ThetraditionalAmericanThanksgivingDaycelebrationwentback

to1621.InthatyearaspecialfeastwaspreparedinPlymouth,

Massachusetts.ThecolonistswhohadsettledtherehadleftEngland

becausetheyfeltdeniedofreligiousfreedom.Theycametothenewland

andfaceddifficultiesincomingacrosstheocean.

TheshipwhichcarriedthemwascalledtheMayflower.TheNorth

Atlanticwasdifficulttotravel.Therewerebadstorms.Theywere

assistedinlearningtoliveinthenewlandbytheIndianswhoinhabited

theregion.ThePuritans,astheywerecalled,hadmuchtobethankfulfor.

Theirreligiouspracticeswerenolongerasourceofcriticismbythe

government.Theylearnedtoadjusttheirfarminghabitstotheclimate

andsoil.WhentheyselectedthefourthThursdayofNovemberfortheir

Thanksgivingcelebration,theyinvitedtheirneighbors,theIndians,to

jointhemindinnerandaprayerofgratitudeforthenewlife.They

recalledthegroupof102men,women,andchildrenwholeftEngland.

Theyrememberedtheirdeadwhodidnotlivetoseetheshoresof

Massachusetts.Theyreflectedonthe65days5journey,whichtestedtheir

strength.

l.ThetraditionofadayofThanksgivingis.

A)100yearsold

B)200yearsold

C)300yearsold

D)400yearsold

2.WhyhadtheyleftEngland?

A)Becauseofreligiousproblems.

B)Toestablishanewreligion.C)Tolearnfanning.

D)BecauseoftheIndians.

3.TheMayflowerwas.

A)thecitytheyleftfrom

B)thecitytheyarrivedat

C)theshiptheytravelledinD)thenameofIndianchief

4.TheIndianshad.

A)madelifedifficultforthem

B)helpedthemtoadjust

C)takentheirland

D)beentooafraidtotalktothem

4.TheclimateandsoilinMassachusettsare.

A)similartothatofEngland

B)differentfromthatofEngland

C)similartothatofPlymouth

D)differentfromthatofPlymouth

5.Exceptionalchildrenaredifferentinsomesignificantwaysfrom

othersofthesameage,forthesameage,forthesechildrentodevelopto

theirfulladultpotential,theireducationmustbeadaptedtothose

differences.

Althoughwefocusontheneedsofexceptionalchildren,wefind

ourselvesdescribingtheirenvironmentaswell.Whiletheleadingactor

onthestagecapturesourattention,weareawareoftheimportanceofthe

supportingplayersandthesceneryoftheplayitself.Boththefamilyand

thesocietyinwhichexceptionalchildrenliveareoftenthekeytotheir

growthanddevelopment.Anditisinthepublicschoolsthatwefindthe

fullexpressionofsociety'sunderstandingtheknowledge,hopes,andfears

thatarepassedontothenextgeneration.

Educationinanysocietyisamirrorofthatsociety.Inthatmirror

wecanseethestrengths,theweaknesses,thehopes,theprejudices,and

thecentralvaluesofthecultureitself.Thegreatinterestinexceptional

childrenshowninpubiceducationoverthepastthreedecadesindicates

thestrongfeelinginoursocietythatallcitizens,whatevertheirspecial

conditions,deservetheopportunitytofullydeveloptheircapabilities.

"Allmenarecreatedequal."We'vehearditmanytimes,butitstill

hasimportantmeaningforeducationinademocraticsociety.Although

thephrasewasusedbythiscountry'sfounderstodenoteequalitybefore

thelaw,ithasalsobeeninterpretedtomeanequalityofopportunity.That

conceptimplieseducationalopportunityforallchildrentherightof

eachchildtoreceivehelpinlearningtothelimitsofhisorher

capacity,whetherthatcapacitybesmallorgreat.Recentcourtdecisions

haveconfirmedtherightofallchildren-desabledorno

t-toanappropriateeducation,andhaveorderedthatpublicschoolstake

thenecessarystepstoprovidethateducation.Inresponse,schoolsare

modifyingtheirprograms,adaptinginstructiontochildrenwhoare

exceptional,tothosewhocannotprofitsubstantiallyfromregular

programs.

l.Inparagraph2,theauthorcitestheexampleoftheleadingactoronthe

stagetoshowthat.

A)thegrowthofexceptionalchildrenhasmuchtodowiththeirfamily

andthesociety

B)exceptionchildrenaremoreinfluencedbytheirfamiliesthannormal

childrenare

C)exceptionalchildrenarethekeyinterestofthefamilyandsociety

D)theneedsofthesocietyweighmuchheavierthantheneedsofthe

exceptionalchildren

2.Thereasonthattheexceptionalchildrenreceivesomuchconcernin

educationisthat.

A)theyareexpectedtobeleadersofthesociety

B)theymightbecomeaburdenofthesociety

C)theyshouldfullydeveloptheirpotentials

D)disabledchildrendeservespecialconsideration

3.Thispassagemainlydealswith.

A)thedifferencesofchildrenintheirlearningcapabilities

B)thedefinitionofexceptionalchildreninmodernsociety

C)thespecialeducationalprogramsforexceptionalchildren

D)thenecessityofadaptingeducationtoexceptionalchildren

4.Fromitspassagewelearnthattheeducationalconcernforexceptiona1

children.

A)isnowenjoyinglegalsupport

B)disagreeswiththetraditionofthecountry

C)wasclearlystatedbythecountry'sfounders

D)willexertgreatinfluenceovercourtdecisions

5.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A)Exceptionalchildrenrefertothosewithmentalorphysicalproblems.

B)Theauthoruse“AHmenarecreatedequal”tocountertheschool

programfortheexceptionalchildren.

C)Recentcourtdecisionsconfirmtherightsoftheexceptionalchildren

toenjoytheequalrightstolearnwiththenormalones.

D)Regularschoolprogramsfailtomeettherequirementstodevelopthe

potentialofexceptionalchildren.

6.MoreattentionwaspaidtothequalityofproductioninFranceat

thetimeofReneCoty.CharlesDeschanelwasthenthefinancial

minister.Hestressedthatworkmanshipandqualityweremore

importantthanquantityforindustrialproduction.Itwouldbe

necessarytoproducequalitygoodsfortheinternationalmarketto

completewiththoseproducedinothercountries.TheFrench

economyneededalargershareoftheinternationalmarkettobalance

itsimportandexporttrade.

Frenchindustrialandagriculturalproductionwasstillinadequate

tomeettheimmediateneedsofthepeople,letalonelong-ranged

developments.Essentialimportshadstretchedthenationalcreditto

thebreakingpoint.Rentsweretightlycontrolled,buttheextreme

inflationaffectedgeneralpopulationmostseverelythoughthecostof

food.Foodcoststookasmuchas80percentofworkersincome.

Wages,itistrue,hadrisenandtherewasfull-timeandovertime

employment.

Takentogetherthesefactorsenabledtheworkingclasstoexist

butallowedthemnosenseofsecurity.Inthisprecariousand

discouragingsituation,workmenwerewillingtoworkoverseasfor

higherwages.

Thegovernmentwasreluctanttoletworkersleavethecountry.It

wasfearedthismigrationofworkerswoulddepletethelaborforce.

Thelackofqualifiedworkersmighthindertheimprovementinthe

qualityofindustrialproductsproduced.

Qualifiedworkersproducedinforeigncountries.Alsothequantityof

qualitygoodsproducedinFrancewouldnotbeabletoincreaseaspart

ofitsqualifiedlaborforcemovedtoothercountries.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisright?

A)TheFrenchworkerswerebetterpaidthantheworkersinanyother

Europeancountry.

B)TheFrenchworkerswereabletosavemoremoneywiththe

increaseinhiswages.

C)TheFrenchworkerswereanxioustoworkabroad.

D)TheFrenchworkerswereoftenunabletofindworkinFrance.

2.WhichwasnottrueinFrance?

A)Foodcostwerelow.

B)Wageshadincreased.

C)Thestatepaidfamilyallowances.

D)Therewasovertimeemployment.

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisCharles

DeschaneTsopinion?

A)Hepaidmoreattentiontoqualitythantoquantity.

B)Thepassagedoesn'tmentionit.

C)Hisopinionistotallydifferentfromothers.

D)Hewasnotright.

4.Accordingtothepassage,Frenchproduction.

A)wasinadequatetomeettheneedsoftheFrenchpeople

B)wasfloodingtheinternationalmarketwithinferiorproducts

C)emphasizedindustrialproductionattheexpenseofagricultural

production

D)wasenoughforthelocalmarket

5.Whichofthefollowingisright?

A)TheFrenchgovernmentprohibitedFrenchtoworkabroad.

B)TheFrenchgovernmentreducedtaxestofightinflation.

C)TheFrenchgovernmentpaidfamilyallowancesandbenefits.

D)TheFrenchgovernmentprohibitedtheFrenchworkertojoinlabor

unions.

7.字数：359建议做题时间：8分钟

Trafficcongestionandcities,itseems,gohandinhand.Everyone

complainsaboutbeingstuckintraffic;but,liketheweather,nooneseemsto

doanythingaboutit.①Inparticular,trafficengineers,transportation

planners,andpublicofficialsresponsibleformetropolitantransportation

systemsarefrequentlycriticizedforfailingtomakeadentincongestion.

Butistrafficcongestionasignoffailure?Longqueuesatrestaurantsor

theaterboxofficesareseenassignsofsuccess.Shouldtransportation

systemsbeviewedanydifferently?Ithinkweshouldrecognizethattraffic

congestionisaninevitableby-productofvibrant(充满活力的),successful

cities,andviewthe''congestionproblem“inadifferentlight.

Citiesexistbecausetheypromotesocialinteractionsandeconomic

transactions.Trafficcongestionoccurswherelotsofpeoplepursuetheseends

simultaneouslyinlimitedspaces.Culturallyandeconomicallyvibrantcities

havetheworstcongestionproblems,whiledecayingcitiesdon'thavemuch

traffic.Bysomeestimates,NewYorkandLosAngelesareAmerica'smost

congestedcities.Butifyouwantaccesstomajorbrokeragehouses,youwill

findthemeasiertoreachincongestedNewYorkthaninanyother

metropolitanarea.Andifyourfirmneedsaccesstopost-productionfilm

editorsorsatellite-guidanceengineers,youwillreachthemmorequicklyvia

thecrowdedfreewaysofLAthanvialesscrowdedroadselsewhere.

Despitecongestion,alargernumberandwidervarietyofsocialinteractions

andeconomictransactionscanbeconsummatedinlarge,crowdedcitiesthan

elsewhere.Seeninthislight,congestionisanunfortunateconsequenceof

prosperityandadragonotherwisehighlevelsofaccessibility,notacauseof

economicdeclineandurbandecay.Sowhilewecanviewcongestionas

imposingcostsonmetropolitanareas,thecostsofinaccessibilityin

uncongestedplacesarealmostcertainlygreater.

②Theterribleeconomicandenvironmentaltollsthatcongestionbringsin

placeslikeBangkok,Jakarta,andLagosareundeniable.Butmobilityisfar

higherandcongestionlevelsarefarlowerhereintheUS,eveninourmost

crowdedcities.Thafswhy,fornow,wedon'tseepeopleandcapitalstreaming

outofSanFranciscoandChicago,headingforcitieslikeCalifornia,andIllinois.

1.Wecanconcludefromthefirstparagraphthat.

A)trafficcongestionandweatherarethetwofactorshinderingthe

developmentofthebigcity

B)trafficcongestionseemstobeverydifficulttodealwith

C)ifthetrafficengineerstrytheirbest,trafficcongestioncanbesolved

D)publicofficialsarealwayscriticizedformisusingtheirpower

2.Accordingtothesecondparagraph,whafstheauthor'sviewtowards

trafficcongestion?

A)Trafficcongestionisbothasignoffailureandasignofsuccess.

B)Incities,trafficcongestionisinevitable.

C)Trafficcongestionisaconsequenceofsuccessfulcities.

D)Foravibrantcity,trafficcongestionisnotunavoidable.

3.Bysaying“decaying''(Line4,Para.3),thewriterprobablymeans.

A)decliningB)robust

C)prosperousD)developing

4.Accordingtothispassage,whichstatementabout“NewYork"and"Los

Angeles"isTRUE?

A)NewYorkandLosAngelesarethemostvibrantcitiesintheUSA.

B)Itiseasiertoreachmajorbrokeragehousesinthetwocitiesthaninother

cities.

C)DespitethetrafficcongestioninLA,youwillfindasatellite-guidance

engineermorequicklythere.

D）Thetrafficcongestioninthetwocitieshasbeenworsened.

5.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?

A）CongestionhascausedterriblebadeffectsincitiessuchasBangkokand

Lagos.

B）ThecongestionlevelinJakartaislowerthanthatintheUS.

C）ThecongestioninSanFranciscohasresultedinthecapitaldrainingaway.

D）CaliforniaisascrowedandvibrantasSanFrancisco.

8.字数：386建议做题时间：10分钟

Farmersoftenfeeltheyneedalotofsunshinetoproduceagoodcrop.But

lotsofvegetablesgrowwellwithoutmuchsun.

TheRodaleInstituteinPennsylvaniapublishedareportaboutthissubject

someyearsagoinitsmagazineOrganicGardening.Thereportsaidmany

differentkindsoffoods,fromblueberriestobeans,canbegrownintheshade.

Somevegetablesdoneedalotofsun.①Avegetablecropexpertatthe

UniversityofMaineadvisedputtingthesevegetableswheretheycangetfrom

eighttotenhoursofsunlightaday.Tomatoes,melons,squashandpeppersare

amongthosethatneedthemostsun.Plantsthatproducerootcrops,suchas

carrotsandbeets（甜菜）,needfromsixtoeighthoursofsunlightevery

day.Butleafyvegetables,suchaslettuce（葛苣）andspinach,needonlysix

hoursofsunlightaday.Nuttreessuchasfilbert（榛子）andyellowhorn

producewellwithonlysuninthemorning.

Somefruitsalsodowellwithoutalotofsunlight.IntheUnited

States,blueberries,raspberries（树莓）,andseveralkindsofpearsneedonlya

littlesuneachday.InAsia,thehardykiwigrowswellintheshade.Manyherbs

（香草）growwellwithoutmuchsun.Mint（薄荷）plants,forexample,growwellin

theshade.Sodosage,dill,oregano,borage,chamomileandseveralkindsof

thyme.

TheRodaleInstitutesaysagardenshouldbeplannedcarefullyespecially

ifyougrowdifferentkindsoffoods.Forexample,rowsofvegetablesshouldbe

plantedinaneast-westdirection.Thatway,asthesunpassesoverhead,allthe

plantswillreceiveanequalamountoflight.Thisisespeciallyimportantwhen

theplantsgrowtodifferentheights.

Theownerofagardenseedcompanywarnedagainstremovingshade

trees.Hecutdownallhisshadetreestoprovidemoresunforhiscrops.@But

thenhehadtoprotecthissummerlettucefromtheheatofthesunby

hangingapieceofclothtoprovideshade.Insteadofcuttingtrees,he

suggestedputtingplantsthatneedalotofsunlight.suchastomatoes,in

containers.Thatwaytheycanbemovedasthesunmoves.

1.WhatisOrganicGardeningmainlyabout?

A）Somethingrelatedtohumanorgans.

B）howtogrowplantsorganically.

C）howtoplayorgan.

D)howtoarrangethegardeninanorganicway.

2.Howmayhoursofsunlightdoespotatoprobablyneedoneday?

A)Tenhours.B)Ninehours.

C)Sevenhours.D)Fivehours.

3.Whichofthefollowingplantsmaynotneedsunlightatall?

A)Walnut.B)Watermelon.

C)Raspberry.D)Borage.

4.Whyshouldthevegetablesbeplantedinaneast-westdirection?

A)Alltheplantsinthegardencanobtainthesameamountofsunlight.

B)Theplantswhichdonotneedmuchsunlightcanbeshaded.

C)Itisgoodfordifferentvegetablestogetthesamenutrition.

D)Itiseasyforyoutoarrangethegardeninthisway.

5.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

A)Toprovidemoresunfortheplants,treesinthegardenshouldberemoved.

B)Togetmoresunlight,melonsmaybeplantedinmovablecontainers.

C)Theownerofaseedcompanyplantedtomatoesincontainers.

D)Beingplantedincontainers,plantscangetenoughsunlight.

9.Psychologiststakeopposingviewsofhowexternalrewards,from

warmpraisetooldcash,affectmotivationandcreativity.Behaviorists,who

studytherelationbetweenactionsand,arguethatrewardscanimprove

performanceatworkandschool.Someotherresearcherswhostudyvarious

aspectsofmentallife,maintainthoserewardsoftendestroycreativity

byencouragingdependenceonapprovalandgiftsfromothers.

Thelatterviewhasgainedmanysupporters,especiallyamong

educators.Butthecarefuluseofsmallmonetaryrewardssparksin

grade-schoolchildrensuggestingthatproperlypresentedinducements

indeedaidinventiveness,accordingtoastudyintheJuneJournal

PersonalityandSocialPsychology.

“Iftheyknowthey'reworkingforarewardandcanfocusonarelatively

challengingtask,theyshowthemostcreativity,MsaysRobertEsenbergerof

theUniversityofDelawareinNewark."Butit'seasytokillcreativityby

givingrewardsforpoorperformanceorcreatingtoomuchanticipationfor

rewards/*

Ateacherwhocontinuallydrawsattentiontorewardsorwhohandsout

highgradesforordinaryachievementendsupwithuninspiredstudents,

Esenbergerholds.Asanexampleofthelatterpoint,henot