英语写作阅读

一、选择搭配题(大纲样题)

Directions:

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choose

themostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.There

aretwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyoftheblanks.Markyouranswerson

ANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

LongbeforeManlivedontheEarth,therewerefishes,reptiles,birds,insects,and

somemammals.Althoughsomeoftheseanimalswereancestorsofkindslivingtoday,

othersarenowextinct,thatis,theyhavenodescendantsalivenow.41)Very

occasionallytherocksshowimpressionofskin,sothat,apartfromcolor,wecanbuild

upareasonablyaccuratepictureofananimalthatdiedmillionsofyearsago.Thekind

ofrockinwhichtheremainsarefoundtellsusmuchaboutthenatureoftheoriginal

land,oftenoftheplantsthatgrewonit,andevenofitsclimate.

42).Nearlyallofthefossilsthatweknowwerepreservedinrocks

formedbywateraction,andmostoftheseareofanimalsthatlivedinornearwater.

Thusitfollowsthattheremustbemanykindsofmammals,birds,andinsectsofwhich

weknownothing.

43)Therewerealsocrab-likecreatures,whosebodieswerecoveredwith

ahornysubstance.Thebodysegmentseachhadtwopairsoflegs,onepairforwalking

onthesandybottom,theotherforswimming.Theheadwasakindofshieldwithapair

ofcompoundeyes,oftenwiththousandsoflenses.Theywereusuallyaninchortwo

longbutsomewere2feet.

44).Ofthese,theammonitesareveryinterestingandimportant.They

haveashellcomposedofmanychambers,eachrepresentingatemporaryhomeofthe

animal.Astheyounggrewlargeritgrewanewchamberandsealedofftheprevious

one.ThousandsofthesecanbeseenintherocksontheDorsetCoast.

45).

About75millionyearsagotheAgeofReptileswasoverandmostofthegroups

diedout.Themammalsquicklydeveloped,andwecantracetheevolutionofmany

familiaranimalssuchastheelephantandhorse.Manyofthelatermammals,though

nowextinct,wereknowntoprimitivemanandwerefeaturedbyhimincavepaintings

andonbonecarvings.

[A]Theshellfishhavealonghistoryintherockandmanydifferentkindsareknown.

[B]Nevertheless,weknowagreatdealaboutmanyofthembecausetheirbonesand

shellshavebeenpreservedintherocksasfossils.Fromthemwecantelltheirsizeand

shape,howtheywalked,thekindoffoodtheyate.

[C]Thefirstanimalswithtruebackboneswerethefishes,firstknownintherocksof

375millionyearsago.About300millionyearsagotheamphibians,theanimalsableto

livebothonlandandinwater,appeared.Theyweregiant,sometimes8feetlong,and

manyofthemlivedintheswampypoolsinwhichourcoalseam,orlayer,formed.The

amphibiansgaverisetothereptilesandfornearly150millionyearsthesewerethe

principalformsoflifeonland,inthesea,andintheair.

[D]Thebestindexfossilstendtobemarinecreatures.Theseanimalsevolvedrapidly

andspreadoverlargeareasoftheworld.

[E]Theearliestanimalswhoseremainshavebeenfoundwereallverysimplekindsand

livedinthesea.Laterformsaremorecomplex,andamongthesearethesea-lilies,

relationsofthestar-fishes,whichhadlongarmsandwereattachedbyalongstalktothe

seabed,ortorocks.

[F]Whenananimaldies,thebody,itsbones,orshell,mayoftenbecarriedawayby

streamsintolakesortheseaaridtheregetcoveredupbymud.Iftheanimallivedinthe

seaitsbodywouldprobablysinkandbecoveredwithmud.Moreandmoremudwould

falluponituntilthebonesorshellbecomeembeddedandpreserved.

[G]Manyfactorscaninfluencehowfossilsarepreservedinrocks.Remainsofan

organismmaybereplacedbyminerals,dissolvedbyanacidicsolutiontoleaveonly

theirimpression,orsimplyreducedtoamorestableform.

[答案]

41.B42.F43.E44.A45.C

二、排序题(大纲样题)

Directions:

ThefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorderforQuestions41-45,youare

requiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelist

A-Etofillineachnumberedbox.Thefirstandthelastparagraphshavebeenplacedfor

youinBoxes.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

[A]"Ijustdon'tknowhowtomotivatethemtodoabetterjob.We'reinabudgetcrunch

andIhaveabsolutelynofinancialrewardsatmydisposal.Infact,we'llprobablyhave

tolaysomepeopleoffinthenearfuture.It*shardformetomakethejobinterestingand

challengingbecauseitisn*t一it'sboring,routinepaperwork,andthereisn*tmuchyou

candoaboutit.

[B]"Finally,Ican'tsaytothemthattheirpromotionswillhingeontheexcellenceof

theirpaperwork.Firstofall,theyknowit'snottrue.Iftheirperformanceisadequate,

mostaremorelikelytogetpromotedjustbystayingontheforceacertainnumberof

yearsthanforsomespecificoutstandingact.Second,theyweretrainedtodothejob

theydooutinthestreets,nottofilloutforms.Allthroughtheircareeritisthearrests

andinterventionsthatgetnoticed.

[C]nI'vegotarealproblemwithmyofficers.Theycomeontheforceasyoung,

inexperiencedmen,andwesendthemoutonthestreet,eitherincarsoronabeat,They

seemtolikethecontacttheyhavewiththepublic,theactioninvolvedincrime

prevention,andtheapprehensionofcriminals.Theyalsolikehelpingpeopleoutat

fires,1accidents,andotheremergencies.

[D]"Somepeoplehavesuggestedanumberofthingslikeusingconvictionrecordsasa

performancecriterion.However,weknowthafsnotfair-toomanyotherthingsare

involved.Badpaperworkincreasesthechancethatyouloseincourt,butgood

paperworkdoesn'tnecessarilymeanyou*llwin.Wetriedsettingupteamcompetitions

basedontheexcellenceofthereports,buttheguyscaughtontothatprettyquickly.No

onewasgettinganytypeofrewardforwinningthecompetition,andtheyfiguredwhy

shouldtheylaborwhentherewasnopayoff."

[E]"Theproblemoccurswhentheygetbacktothestation.Theyhatetodothe

paperwork,andbecausetheydislikeit,thejobisfrequentlyputoffordone

inadequately.Thislackofattentionhurtsuslateronwhenwegettocourt.Weneed

clear,factualreports.Theymustbehighlydetailedandunambiguous.Assoonasone

partofareportisshowntobeinadequateorincorrect,therestofthereportissuspect.

Poorreportingprobablycausesustolosemorecasesthananyotherfactor.

[F]"SoIjustdon'tknowWhattodo.I'vebeengropinginthedarkinanumberofyears.

AndIhopethatthisseminarwillshedsomelightonthisproblemofmineandhelpme

outinmyfuturework."

[G]Alargemetropolitancitygovernmentwasputtingonanumberofseminarsfor

administrators,managersand/orexecutivesofvariousdepartmentsthroughoutthecity.

Atoneofthesesessionsthetopictobediscussedwasmotivation-howwecanget

publicservantsmotivatedtodoagoodjob.Thedifficultyofapolicecaptainbecame

thecentralfocusofthediscussion.

Order:

IG~~1—>14kI\r[42：1~A43、]:N44,1|45.|]JF

l，I“L...............11V------------------------Jfl-I----------------1IL--------v，.”-J—

［答案］41.C42.E43.A44.B45.D

三、信息匹配题（大纲样题）

Directions:

Youaregoingtoreadatextaboutthetipsonresumewriting,followedbyalistof

examples.ChoosethebestexamplefromthelistA-Fforeachnumberedsubheading

(41-45).Thereisoneextraexamplewhichyoudonotneedtouse.Markyouranswers

onANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

Themainpurposeofaresumeistoconvinceanemployertograntyouaninterview.

Therearetwokinds.Oneisthefamiliar"tombstone"thatlistswhereyouwenttoschool

andwhereyou'veworkedinchronologicalorder.TheotheriswhatIcallthe

"functional"resume一descriptive,funtoread,uniquetoyouandmuchmorelikelyto

landyouaninterview.

It*shandytohavea“tombstone”forcertainoccasions.Butprospectiveemployers

throwawaymostofthoseun-requestedntombstone"lists,preferringtointerviewthe

quickratherthanthedead.

Whatfollowsaretipsonwritingafunctionalresumethatwillgetread-aresume

thatmakesyoucomealiveandlookinterestingtoemployers.

41.Putyourselffirst:

Inordertowritearesumeotherswillreadwithenthusiasm,youhavetofeel

importantaboutyourself.

42.Sellwhatyoucando,notwhoyouare:

Practicetranslatingyourpersonalitytraits,character,accomplishmentsand

achievementsintoskillareas.Thereareatleastfivethousandskillareasintheworldof

work.

Tootyourownhorn!

Manypeopleclutchwhenaskedtothinkabouttheirabilities.Somethinktheyhave

noneatall!Buteveryonedoes,andoneofyoursmayjustbetheticketanemployer

wouldbegladtopunch-ifonlyyoushowit.

43.Bespecific,beconcrete,andbebrief!

Rememberthat"brevityisthebestpolicy.”

44.Turnbadnewsintogood:

Everybodyhashaddisappointmentsinwork.Ifyouhavetomentionyours,lookfor

thepositiveside.

45.Neverapologize:

Ifyou'vereturningtotheworkforceafterfifteenyearsasaparent,simplywritea

shortparagraph(summaryofbackground)inplaceofachronologyofexperience.Don*t

apologizeforworkingatbeingamother;it'sthehardestjobofall.Ifyouhaveno

specialtrainingorhighereducation,justdon*tmentioneducation.

Thesecretistothinkabouttheselfbeforeyoustartwritingaboutyourself.Takefour

orfivehoursoff,notnecessarilyconsecutive,andsimplywritedownevery

accomplishmentinyourlife,onoroffthejob,thatmadeyoufeeleffective.Don'tworry

atfirstaboutwhatitallmeans.Studythelistandtrytospotpatterns.Asyoustudyyour

list,youwillcomeclosertothemeaning:identifyingyourmarketableskills.Onceyou

discoverpatterns,givenamestoyourclusterofaccomplishments(leadershipskills,

budgetmanagementskills,childdevelopmentskillsetc.)Trytolistatleastthree

accomplishmentsunderthesameskillsheading.Nowstartwritingyourresumeasif

youmattered.Itmaytakefourdraftsormore,andseveralweeks,beforeyou*vereadyto

showittoastranger(friendsareusuallytookind)forareaction.Whenyou'vesatisfied,

sendittoaprinter;aprintedresumeisfarsuperiortophotocopies.Itshowsan

employerthatyouregardjobhuntingasseriouswork,worthdoingright.

Isn*tthatthekindofpersonyou'dwantworkingforyour?

[A]Awomanwholostherjobasateacher'saideduetoacutbackingovernment

fundingwrote:''Principalofelementaryschoolcitedmeastheonlyteachefsaideshe

wouldrehireifgovernmentfundsbecameavailable."

[B]OneresumeIreceivedincludedthefollowing:"Invitedbymysuperiorto

straightenoutourorganization'saccountsreceivable.Setuporderlyrepayment

schedule,reconciledaccountsweekly,andimprovedcashflow100percent.Rewarded

withraiseandpromotion.nNoticehowthiswomanfocusesonresults,specifieshow

sheaccomplishedthem,andmentionsherreward-allin34words.

[C]Forexample,ifyouhaveaflairforsaving,managingandinvestingmoney,you

havemoneymanagementskills.

[D]Anacquaintancecomplainedofbeingbiasedwhenlosinganopportunitydueto

thestatement"Readytolearnthoughnotsowelleducated".

[E]Oneofmyformercolleagues,forexample,wroteresumesinthreedifferent

stylesinordertofindoutwhichwasmorepreferred.Theresultis,ofcourse,theone

thathighlightsskillsandeducationbackground.

[F]Awomanoncetoldmeaboutacash-flowcrisisheremployerhadfaced.She*d

agreedtoworkwithoutpayforthreemonthsuntilbusinessimproved.Herrewardwas

herbackpayplusa20percentbonus.Iaskedwhythatmarvelousstorywasn*tinher

resume.Sheanswered,nItwasn'timportant/'Whatshewasreallysayingofcoursewas

"I'mnotimportant."

[答案]41.F42.C43.B44.A45.D

概括大意题(大纲样题)

Passage1

Directions:

Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatextaboutplagiarismintheacademic

community.ChoosethemostsuitableheadingfromthelistA-Fforeachnumbered

paragraph(41-45).Thefirstandlastparagraphsofthetextarenotnumbered.Thereis

oneextraheadingwhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWER

SHEET1.(10points)

[A]Whattodoasastudent?

[B]Variousdefinitionsofplagiarism

[C]Ideasshouldalwaysbesourced

[D]Ignorancecanbeforgiven

[E]Plagiarismisequivalenttotheft

[F]Theconsequencesofplagiarism

Scholars,writersandteachersinthemodernacademiccommunityhavestrong

feelingsaboutacknowledgingtheuseofanotherperson'sideas.Inthe

English-speakingworld,thetermplagiarismisusedtolabelthepracticeofnotgiving

creditforthesourceofone*sideas.Simplystated,plagiarismis"thewrongful

appropriationorpurloining,andpublicationasone'sownoftheideas,ortheexpression

ofideasofanother.0

41.

Thepenaltiesforplagiarismvaryfromsituationtosituation.Inmanyuniversities,

thepunishmentmayrangefromfailureinaparticularcoursetoexpulsionfromthe

university.Intheliteraryworld,wherewritersareprotectedfromplagiarismby

internationalcopyrightlaws,thepenaltymayrangefromasmallfinetoimprisonment

andaruinedcareer.Protectionofscholarsandwriters,throughthecopyrightlawsand

throughthesocialpressuresoftheacademicandliterarycommunities,isarelatively

recentconcept.Suchsocialpressuresandcopyrightlawsrequirewriterstogive

scrupulousattentiontodocumentationoftheirsources.

42.

Students,asinexperiencedscholarsthemselves,mustavoidvarioustypesof

plagiarismbybeingself-criticalintheiruseofotherscholars*ideasandbygiving

appropriatecreditforthesourceofborrowedideasandwords,otherwisedire

consequencesmayoccur.Thereareatleastthreeclassificationsofplagiarismasitis

revealedinstudents1inexactnessinidentifyingsourcesproperly.Theyareplagiarism

byaccident,byignorance,andbyintention.

43.

Plagiarismbyaccident,oroversight,sometimesistheresultofthewriter'sinability

todecideorrememberwheretheideacamefrom.Hemayhavereaditlongago,

hearditinalecturesinceforgotten,oracquireditsecond-handorthird-handfrom

discussionswithcolleagues.Hemayalsohavedifficultyindecidingwhethertheideais

suchcommonknowledgethatnoreferencetotheoriginalsourceisneeded.Although

thistypeofplagiarismmustbeguardedagainst,itistheleastseriousand,iflessons

learned,canbeexemptfrombeingseverelypunished.

44.

Plagiarismthroughignoranceissimplyawayofsayingthatinexperiencedwriters

oftendonotknowhoworwhentoacknowledgetheirsources.Thetechniquesfor

documentation-note-taking,quoting,footnoting,listingbibliography-areeasily

learnedandcanpreventthewriterfrommakingunknowingmistakesoromissionsin

hisreferences.Although'thereisnocopyrightinnews,orinideas,onlyinthe

expressionofthem,"thewritercannotpleadignorancewhenhissourcesforideasare

challenged.

45.

Themostseriouskindofacademicthieveryisplagiarismbyintention.Thewriter,

limitedbyhislazinessanddullness,copiesthethoughtsandlanguageofothersand

claimsthemforhisown.Henotonlysteals,hetriestodeceivethereaderintobelieving

theideasareoriginal.Suchwordsasimmoral,dishonest,offensive,anddespicableare

usedtodescribethepracticeofplagiarismbyintention.

Theoppositeofplagiarismisacknowledgement.Allmatureandtrustworthy

writersmakeuseoftheideasofothersbuttheyarecarefultoacknowledgetheir

indebtednesstotheirsources.Students,asdevelopingscholars,writers,teachers,and

professionalleaders,shouldrecognizeandassumetheirresponsibilitytodocumentall

sourcesfromwhichlanguageandthoughtsareborrowed.Othermembersofthe

professionwillnotonlyrespectthescholarship,theywilladmirethehumilityand

honesty.

［答案

41.F42.A43.D44.C45.E

Passage2

A.Watchingrelatedexpensesandmakingwisechoice.

B.Payingattentiontodetails

C.Weighingyourfinancialgoalsandexpectationsfirst

D.Maintainingrealisticexpectations

E.NarrowingtheSearch

F.Nottoospecial

Eatingbetter.Exercising.Investing.Therearealotofthingsyouknowshouldhe

doing.Thereproblemisthatgettingstartedalwaysseemstobethehardestpat.For

manyinvestors,mutualfundsareagoodwaytogo,buttryingtosortthroughthe

numberofavailablechoices-nowmorethan10,000-makesthisimportanttaskappear

overwhelming.Let'slookatsomewaystocutthatnumberdowntoareasonablesize,

aswellasotherfactorstoconsiderwhenselectingyourfirstfund..

beforeyoubeginexaminingpotentialininvestments,it'simportanttotakesome

timetoaccessyourowngoalsandrisktolerance.Ifyouwithaclearobjectiveinmind,

aswellasanunderstandingastohewyoumightreactifyourinvestmentlosesmoney,

you'llbelesslikelytopurchaseafundthatdoesn'tfityourneeds.Andthat'swhat

oftenleadsitdisappointment.Itisimportanttolookforfundsthatareappropriatefor

bothyourgoalsandyourinvestmenttemperament.

OnewaytobeginyousearchforagoodfundistotheMorningstarstatrating.The

ratingisusefultoolfornarrowingthefieldtofundsthathavedoneagoodjobof

balancingreturnandriskinthepast.Toassignrating,Morningstarusesaformulathat

comparesafund*srisk-adjustedhistoricalperformancewiththatofotherfunds

withinfourratinggroups-domesticstockfunds,internationalstockfunds,taxable

bondfunds,andmunicipalbondfunds.

Fundsthatinvestsolelyinasinglemarketsectors,calledspecialtyfunds,often

haveimpressivereturnsandmaybegreatadditionstoadiversifiedportfolio.

However,thesuccessofsuchfundsdependslargelyonthefortunesofaparticular

marketsector.Hence,specialtyfundsprobablyaren'tthebestwaytostart.Foryour

firstfund,lookforadiversifiedstockfundthathasexposuretodifferenttypesof

stocks.

Therersnofreelunchinfundinvesting:inadditiontothesalesteesthatsomefund

companiescharge,fundinvestorsmustalsopaymanagementfeesandtradingcost.

Unfortunately,youdon*tnecessarilygetwhatyoupayfor-noonehasevershownthe

moreexpensivefundsprovidegreaterreturns.Lookforfundswithreasonablecosts.

Theexpenseratio,whichexpressesannualcostsasapercentageamount,isprobably

thebestnumbertousewhencomparingmutualfundcosts.

Whateverthemarkerdoes,trytotakeitinstride.You'reinforthelonglaud,so

don'tworryaboutthemarker'sday-to-daygyrations.Relaxandresistthetemptation

tomonitoryourfirstinvestmentdaily.Checkinonyourmutualfundsonceamonth,

andgiveyourportfolioathoroughexamevery6to10months.Andconsideradding

toyourfundeachmonth.Anautomaticinvestmentplanmakesitarelativelypainless

process.Finally,rememberthattheultimatemeasureofyoursuccessasaninvestor

dependsnotonyourowningthebest-performingmutualfund.Onlyonefundwill

be.Meetingyourownfinancialgoalsshouldultimatelybetheyardstickbywhich

youmeasureyourinvestmentsuccess.

新题型模拟题题型一：搭配题

Passage1

Directions:

Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatextabouttourism.Choosethemost

suitableheadingfromthelistA-Fforeachnumberedparagraph.Thefirstparagraphof

thetextisnotnumbered.Thereisoneextraheadingwhichyoudonotneedtouse.Mark

youranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points).

[A]Tourismcontrastedwithtravel

[B]Theessenceofmoderntourism

[C]Tourismversusleisure

[D]Theartificialityofmodemtourism

[E]Theroleofmoderntourguides

[F]Creatinganalternativetotheeverydayexperience

Tourism,holidaymakingandtravelarethesedaysmoresignificantsocial

phenomenathanmostcommentatorshaveconsidered.Onthefaceofittherecouldnot

beamoretrivialsubjectforabook.Andindeedsincesocialscientistshavehad

considerabledifficultyexplainingweightiertopics,suchasworkorpolitics,itmightbe

thoughtthattheywouldhavegreatdifficultiesinaccountingformoretrivial

phenomenasuchasholidaymaking.However,thereareinterestingparallelswiththe

studyofdeviance.Thisinvolvestheinvestigationofbizarreandidiosyncraticsocial

practiceswhichhappentobedefinedasdeviantinsomesocietiesbutnotnecessarilyin

others.Theassumptionisthattheinvestigationofdeviancecanrevealinterestingand

significantaspectsof'normal'societies.Itcouldbesaidthatasimilaranalysiscanbe

appliedtotourism.

41.

Tourismisleisureactivitywhichpresupposesitsopposite,namelyregulatedand

organizedwork.Itisonemanifestationofhowworkandleisureareorganizedas

separateandregulatedspheresofsocialpracticein'modern*societies.Indeedactingas

atouristisoneofthedefiningcharacteristicsofbeing'modern*andthepopularconcept

oftourismisthatitisorganizedwithinparticularplacesandoccursforregularized

periodsoftime.Touristrelationshipsarisefromamovementofpeopleto,andtheirstay

in,variousdestination.Thisnecessarilyinvolvessomemovement,thatisthejourney,

andaperiodofstayinanewplaceorplaces.Thejourneyandthestayarebydefinition

outsidethenormalplacesofresidenceandworkandareofashort-termandtemporary

natureandthereisaclearintentiontoreturn'home*withinarelativelyshortperiodof

time.

42.

Asubstantialproportionofthepopulationofmodemsocietiesengagesinsuch

touristpractices;newsocialisedformsofprovisionhavedevelopedinordertocope

withthemasscharacterofthegazesoftourists,asopposedtotheindividualcharacter

oftravel.Placesarechosentobevisitedandbegazeduponbecausethereisan

anticipation,especiallythroughdaydreamingandfantasy,ofintensepleasures,either

onadifferentscaleorinvolvingdifferentsensesfromthosecustomarilyencountered.

Suchanticipationisconstructedandsustainedthroughavarietyofnon-touristpractices,

suchasfilms,TV,literature,magazines,recordsandvideoswhichconstructand

reinforcethisdaydreaming.

43.

Touriststendtovisitfeaturesoflandscapeandtownscapewhichseparatethemoff

fromeverydayexperience.Suchaspectsareviewedbecausetheyaretakentobein

somesenseoutoftheordinary.Theviewingofthesetouristsightsofteninvolves

differentformsofsocialpatterning,withamuchgreatersensitivitytovisualelements

oflandscapeortownscapethanisnormallyfoundineverydaylife.Peoplelingerover

thesesightsinawaythattheywouldnotnormallydointheirhomeenvironmentand

thevisionisobjectifiedorcapturedthroughphotographs,postcards,filmsandsoon

whichenablethememorytobeendlesslyreproducedandrecaptured.

44.

OneoftheearliestdissertationsonthesubjectoftourismisBoorstin^analysisof

the'pseudo-event*(1964)wherehearguesthatcontemporaryAmericanscannot

experience'reality1directlybutthriveon'pseudo-events*.Isolatedfromthehost

environmentandthelocalpeople,themasstouristtravelsinguidedgroupsandfinds

pleasureininauthenticcontrivedattractions,gulliblyenjoyingthepseudo-eventsand

disregardingtherealworldoutside.Overtimetheimagesgeneratedofdifferenttourist

sightscometoconstituteaclosedself-perpetuatingsystemofillusionswhichprovide

thetouristwiththebasisforselectingandevaluatingpotentialplacestovisit.Such

visitsaremade,saysBoorstin,withintheEnvironmentalbubble1ofthefamiliar

American-stylehotelwhichinsulatesthetouristfromthestrangenessofthehost

environment.

45.

Toservicetheburgeoningtouristindustry,anarrayofprofessionalshasdeveloped

whoattempttoreproduceever-newobjectsforthetouristtolookat.Theseobjectsor

placesarelocatedinacomplexandchanginghierarchy.Thisdependsuponthe

interplaybetween,ontheonehand,competitionbetweeninterestsinvolvedinthe

provisionofsuchobjectsand,ontheotherhand,changingclass,gender,and

generationaldistinctionsoftastewithinthepotentialpopulationofvisitors.Ithasbeen

saidthattobeatouristisoneofthecharacteristicsofthe'modemexperience*.Notto

'goaway'islikenotpossessingacaroranicehouse.Travelisamarkerofstatusin

modernsocietiesandisalsothoughttobenecessaryforgoodhealth.Theroleofthe

professional,therefore,istocaterfortheneedsandtastesofthetouristsinaccordance

withtheirclassandoverallexpectations.

Answer41.B42.A43.F44.D45.E

Passage!

Directions:

Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatext.Choosethemostsuitable

headingfromthelistA-Fforeachnumberedparagraph.Thefirstparagraphofthetext

isnotnumbered.Thereisoneextraheadingwhichyoudonotneedtouse.Markyour

answersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points).

[A]Newmethodofresearch

[B]Non-verbalcontent

[C]Traditionallexicographicalmethods

[D]Newphrasesenterdictionary

[E]Accuratewordfrequencycounts

[F]Alternativeexpressionsprovided

Thecompilingofdictionarieshasbeenhistoricallytheprovenanceofstudious

professorialtypes-usuallybespectacled-wholovetoporeoverweightytomesand

makepronouncementsonthefinernuancesofmeaning.Theywereprobablygoodat

crosswordsanddefinitelyknewalotofwords,buttheimagewasalwaysratherdryand

dusty.Thelatesttechnology,andsimpletechnologyatthat,isrevolutionisingthe

contentofdictionariesandthewaytheyareputtogether.

41

Forthefirsttime,dictionarypublishersareincorporatingreal,spokenEnglishinto

theirdata.Itgiveslexicographers(peoplewhowritedictionaries)accesstoamore

vibrant,up-to-datevernacularlanguagewhichhasneverreallybeenstudiedbefore.In

oneproject,150volunteerseachagreedtodiscreetlytieaWalkmanrecordertotheir

wa