外研版英语选修8课时作业Module3FunctionandGrammar

Ⅰ.阅读理解Initsearlyhistory,Chicagohadfloodsfrequently,especiallyinthespring,makingthestreetssomuddythatpeople,horses,andcartsgotstuck.Anoldjokethatwaspopularatthetimewentsomethinglikethis:AmanisstuckuptohiswaistinamuddyChicagostreet.Askedifheneedshelp,hereplies，“No,thanks.I'vegotagoodhorseunderme.”Thecityplannersdecidedtobuildanundergrounddrainage(排水)system,buttheresimplywasn'tenoughdifferencebetweentheheightofthegroundlevelandthewaterlevel.TheonlytwooptionsweretolowertheChicagoRiverorraisethecity.AnengineernamedEllisChesbroughconvincedthecitythatithadnochoicebuttobuildthepipesabovegroundandthencoverthemwithdirt.Thisraisedthelevelofthecity'sstreetsbyasmuchas12feet.Thisofcoursecreatedanewproblem:dirtpracticallyburiedthefirstfloorsofeverybuildinginChicago.Buildingownerswerefacedwithachoice:eitherchangethefirstfloorsoftheirbuildingsintobasements,andthesecondstoriesintomainfloors,orhoisttheentirebuildingstomeetthenewstreetlevel.Smallwood­framebuildingscouldbeliftedfairlyeasily.Butwhataboutlarge,heavystructuresliketheTremontHotel,whichwasasix­storybrickbuilding?That'swhereGeorgePullmancamein.Hehaddevelopedsomehouse­movingskillssuccessfully.ToliftabigstructureliketheTremontHotel,Pullmanwouldplacethousandsofjackscrews(螺旋千斤顶)beneaththebuilding'sfoundation.Onemanwasassignedtooperateeachsectionofroughly10jackscrews.AtPullman'ssignaleachmanturnedhisjackscrewthesameamountatthesametime,therebyraisingthebuildingslowlyandevenly.Astonishingly,theTremontHotelstayedopenduringtheentireoperation,andmanyofitsguestsdidn'tevennoticeanythingwashappening.Somepeopleliketosaythateveryproblemhasasolution.ButinChicago'searlyhistory,everyengineeringsolutionseemedtocreateanewproblem.NowthatChicago'swastewaterwasdrainingefficientlyintotheChicagoRiver,thecity'snextstepwastocleanthepollutedriver.芝加哥早期城市规划不合理，一遇洪灾路面就会十分泥泞，后来在工程师EllisChesbrough和GeorgePullman的努力下，成功将城市路面以及建筑物提高，避免路面受洪灾影响，但这又导致了另外一个问题的出现。1．Theauthormentionsthejoketoshow________.A．horseswerefairlyusefulinChicagoB．Chicago'sstreetswereextremelymuddyC．ChicagowasverydangerousinthespringD．theChicagopeoplewereparticularlyhumorous答案：B解析：细节理解题。从文章第一段的内容可知，作者讲这个笑话是为了说明芝加哥的路面十分泥泞。2．ThecityplannerswereconvincedbyEllisChesbroughto________.A．getridofthestreetdirt B．lowertheChicagoRiverC．fightagainstheavyfloods D．buildthepipesaboveground答案：D解析：细节理解题。从文章第三段第一句“AnengineernamedEllisChesbroughconvincedthecitythatithadnochoicebuttobuildthepipesabovegroundandthencoverthemwithdirt.”可得出答案。3．Theunderlinedword“hoist”inParagraph4means“__________”．A．change B．liftC．repair D．decorate答案：B解析：词义猜测题。根据文章第四段画线词后面的“Smallwood­framebuildingscouldbeliftedfairlyeasily.”可知，hoist与lift同义。4．WhatcanweconcludeaboutthemovingoperationoftheTremontHotel?A．Itwentonsmoothlyasintended.B．Itinterruptedthebusinessofthehotel.C．ItinvolvedPullmanturningtenjackscrews.D．Itseparatedthebuildingfromitsfoundation.答案：A解析：推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句“Astonishingly,theTremontHotelstayedopenduringtheentireoperation,andmanyofitsguestsdidn'tevennoticeanythingwashappening.”可推断出TremontHotel的移动工程进行得很顺利。Ⅱ.语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Aesop(伊索)wasaslavelivingaround550BC.Wecallthestorieshewrotefables,aseverystoryhasamoral.Almostallthefableshewroteare__1__(humor)andentertaining,appealingtopeople__2__allages.Todate,Aesop'sfables__3__(translate)intomanylanguagesandareknownallovertheworld.Notonly__4__thefablesthemselveslivedfornearly1,500years,but__5__(express)fromthemhaveenteredvariouslanguages.Onefable,forinstance,isaboutafarmerwhowasdrivinghiscartalongacountryroad.Thecartgot__6__(stick)inthemud,butthefarmermade__7__efforttogetitout.Instead,hebegantopraytothegodsforhelp.ThegodHerculesfinallyappearedandtold__8__mantogetbusyandpush__9__.“Pushyourshouldertothewheel.”Herculesadvised.Themoralofthestoryisclear.Wemustn'trelyonothersforhelp.Anothersayingwhichhascomefromthefableis“Godhelpsthose__10__helpthemselves.”1．humorous/humourous解析：考查词性转换。根据空格前的连系动词are可知，此空格应填形容词作表语。humor的形容词为humorous/humourous。2．of解析：考查介词。此处指他写的寓言故事吸引了所有年龄段的人。of用来连接两个名词，其中第二个名词限定第一个名词或给出有关第一个名词的更多信息，符合语境。故填of。3．have_been_translated解析：考查动词的时态和语态。动词translate与主语Aesop'sfables之间构成动宾关系；且根据时间状语“Todate”可知，此处应用现在完成时的被动语态。故填havebeentranslated。4．have解析：考查助动词。notonly放于句首时，其所引导的句子须用部分倒装，即将助动词放在主语前面；根据“livedfornearly1,500years”可知，此处应使用现在完成时；主语为thefables，表示复数概念。故填have。5．expressions解析：考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，but后的分句中谓语动词为“haveentered”，空格处应为名词复数作主语，指这些寓言故事里的一些表达已经深入到很多语言中去了。express的名词为expression。故填expressions。6．stuck解析：考查非谓语动词。固定搭配getstuckin意为“陷入”，符合语境。故填stuck。7．no/little解析：考查形容词。根