综合教程第六册(第2版)Unit7dratherbeingblackthanfemale公开课一等奖市优质课赛课获奖课件

Unit7I’dRatherBeBlackthanFemale新世纪高等院校英语专业本科系列教材（修订版）综合教程第六册(第2版)电子教案上海外语教育出版社南京信息工程大学刘杰海ContentspageContents

LearningObjectivesPre-readingActivitiesGlobalReadingDetailedReadingConsolidationActivitiesFurtherEnhancementObjectivesLearningObjectivesRhetoricalskill:comparison,rhetoricalquestionsandparallelismKeylanguage&grammarpointsWritingstrategies:author’sexperiencesTheme:sexismandracismPre-R:pictureactivation-1Canyoudefineracialdiscriminationandsexualdiscriminationinyourownwords?PictureActivation|Pre-questionsPre-R:pictureactivation-2Sexismisdiscriminationbasedonthegenderofaperson--lookingdownonpeoplebecausetheyaremaleorfemale.Racismisthebeliefthataparticularraceisbetterorworsethananother,andthatapersonisbornwiththeirsocialandmoraltraits,whicharerelatedtotheirrace.PictureActivation|Pre-questionsPre-R:Pre-questions-11. “Sittinginthesameclassroom,readingthesametextbook,listeningtothesameteacher,boysandgirlsreceiveverydifferenteducations.”(Sadker,D.,Sadker,M.1994.FailingatFairness:HowOurSchoolsCheatGirls.Toronto:Simon&SchusterInc.)Boysareencouragedtobeactiveandbold,whilegirlsarepraisedforbeingquietandattentive.Didyourteachersinyourprimaryschoolorhighschooltreatandeducatestudentsdifferentlybasedonsex?Doyouthinkthereexistsgenderbiasinourclassrooms?PictureActivation|Pre-questionsOpenfordiscussion.Pre-R:Pre-questions-22.Throughouthistory,thoughwomenhavebeenconstantlymadeawarethattheyareinferiortomen,therearestillalotofwomenwhohavemadesignificantcontributionstosocietyorobtainedgreatachievementsinvariousareas.Isthereanygreatfemalethatyouknowwelloradmire?Ifyouransweris“yes,”tellherstoryandthereasonsforwhichyouadmireher.

PictureActivation|Pre-questionsOpenfordiscussion.G-R:textintroduction-1In“I’dRatherBeBlackThanFemale”(1970),theauthorShirleyChisholm,ablackwoman,identifiesandanalysesthesexualdiscriminationin1970s’Americanpoliticsand,afterinvestigatingherownbitterexperiencesbeforeandaftershebecamethecountry’sfirstblackcongresswoman,drawsthesurprisingconclusionthatprejudicebasedonsexisevenmoreseriousthanracialprejudice.ItissurprisingbecauseAmericansocietyasawholenowacknowledgestheracialinequalitybutbothmenandwomenaresimplyblindtotheunfairtreatmentofwomeninthegameofpolitics.TextIntroduction|CultureNotes|Author|StructureG-R:textintroduction-2Sheexpressesherconvictionthatwomenhavetheirownspecialcontributiontomaketothecountryandthattheirmoreactiveparticipationinpoliticswouldimprovethecountry.TextIntroduction|CultureNotes|Author|StructureG-R:CN-sit-ins-1sit-ins(Paragraph3)

Thefirstsit-intookplaceonFebruary1,1960.FourfreshmenattheNorthCarolinaAgriculturalandTechnicalCollegewalkedintoanF.W.WoolworthCompanystoreinGreensboro,NorthCarolina,purchasedsomeschoolsupplies,thenwenttothelunchcounterandaskedtobeserved.Theyknewtheyprobablywouldnotbe.Theywereblack,andthislunchcounterwassegregated.Whentheywereforcedtoleaveasthestoreclosed,theystillhadnotbeenserved.TextIntroduction|CultureNotes|Author|StructureG-R:CN-sit-ins-2

Thenextdayalargergroupofstudentsreturned,themediareportedtheevent,andcivilrightsorganizationsbegantospreadthewordtoothercollegecampuses.Thebasicplanofthesit-inswasthatagroupofblackstudentswouldgotoalunchcounterandasktobeserved.Iftheywere,they’dmoveontothenextlunchcounter.Iftheywerenot,theywouldnotmoveuntiltheyhadbeen.Iftheywerearrested,anewgroupwouldtaketheirplace.Thestudentsalwaysremainednonviolentandrespectful.TextIntroduction|CultureNotes|Author|StructureG-R:CN-sit-ins-3Anotherpartofthesit-inswasthatthestudentswouldbedressedupintheirbestSundayclothing.ByAugust1961,theyhadattractedover70,000participantsandgeneratedover3,000arrests.TheycontinuedinsomeareasoftheSouthuntilandevenafterthepassageoftheCivilRightsActof1964declaredsegregationatlunchcountersunlawful.Thesit-insshowedthatnonviolentdirectactionandyouthcouldbeveryusefulweaponsinthewaragainstsegregation.TextIntroduction|CultureNotes|Author|StructureG-R:CN-boycottsboycotts(Paragraph3)TheMontgomeryBusBoycottofficiallystartedonDecember1,1955.ThatwasthedaywhentheblacksofMontgomery,Alabama,decidedthattheywouldboycottthecitybusesuntiltheycouldsitanywheretheywanted,insteadofbeingrelegatedtothebackwhenawhiteboarded.Theboycottslastedforaboutayear.OnJanuary10and11,1957,theSouthernChristianLeadershipConference(SCLC)wasfounded,ofwhichMartinLutherKing,Jr.,waselectedpresident.Tillthen,theMontgomeryBusBoycottwasultimatelysuccessful.TextIntroduction|CultureNotes|Author|StructureG-R:CN-freerides-1freedomrides(Paragraph3)

In1947,theCongressofRacialEquality(CORE)planneda“JourneyofReconciliation,”designedtotesttheSupremeCourt’s1946decisionwhichdeclaredsegregatedseatingofinterstatepassengersunconstitutional.AninterracialgroupofpassengersmetwithheavyresistanceintheupperSouth.TheJourneyofReconciliationquicklybrokedown.ClearlytheSouthwasnotreadyforintegration.TextIntroduction|CultureNotes|Author|StructureG-R:CN-freerides-2Nearlyadecadeandahalflater,JohnF.Kennedywaselectedpresident.Totestthepresident’scommitmenttocivilrights,theCOREproposedanewJourneyofReconciliation,calledthe“FreedomRide.”Thestrategywasthesame:aninterracialgroupwouldboardbusesdestinedfortheSouth.Thewhiteswouldsitinthebackandtheblacksinthefront.Atreststops,thewhiteswouldgointoblacks-onlyareasandviceversa.TextIntroduction|CultureNotes|Author|StructureG-R:CN-freerides-3TheFreedomRideleftWashington,D.C.onMay4,1961.ItwasscheduledtoarriveinNewOrleansonMay17.UnliketheoriginalJourneyofReconciliation,theFreedomRidemetwithlittleresistanceintheupperSouth.However,onMay14,theFreedomRiderssplitupintotwogroupstotravelthroughAlabama.Thefirstgroupwasmetbyamobofabout200angrypeopleinAnniston.Theothergroupdidnotfareanybetter.ItwasgreetedbyamobinBirmingham,andtheRiderswereseverelybeaten.TextIntroduction|CultureNotes|Author|StructureG-R:CN-freerides-4TheFreedomRidersnevermadeittoNewOrleans.Manyspenttheirsummerinjail.Somewerescarredforlifefromthebeatingstheyreceived.Buttheireffortswerenotinvain.TheyforcedtheKennedyadministrationtotakeastandoncivilrights,whichwastheintentoftheFreedomRideinthefirstplace.Inaddition,theInterstateCommerceCommissionoutlawedsegregationininterstatebustravelinaruling.TheFreedomRidersmaynothavefinishedtheirtrip,buttheymadeanimportantandlastingcontributiontotheCivilRightsMovement.TextIntroduction|CultureNotes|Author|StructureG-R:CN-separate-but-equal-1separate-but-equal(Paragraph6)

(“SeparateButEqual”Plessyv.FergusonDecision)OnJune7,1892,a30-year-oldcoloredshoemakernamedHomerPlessywasjailedforsittinginthe“White”caroftheEastLouisianaRailroad.Plessywasonlyone-eighthblackandseven-eighthswhite,butunderLouisianalaw,hewasconsideredblackandthereforerequiredtositinthe“Colored”car.Plessywenttocourtandargued,inHomerAdolphPlessyv.TheStateofLouisiana,thattheSeparateCarActviolatedtheThirteenthandFourteenthAmendmentstotheConstitution.TextIntroduction|CultureNotes|Author|StructureG-R:CN-separate-but-equal-2ThejudgeatthetrialwasJohnHowardFerguson,alawyerfromMassachusettswhohadpreviouslydeclaredtheSeparateCarAct“unconstitutionalontrainsthattraveledthroughseveralstates.”InPlessy’scase,however,hedecidedthatthestatecouldchoosetoregulaterailroadcompaniesthatoperatedonlywithinLouisiana.HefoundPlessyguiltyofrefusingtoleavethe“White”car.PlessyappealedtotheSupremeCourtofLouisiana,whichupheldFerguson’sdecision.In1896,theSupremeCourtoftheUnitedStatesheardPlessy’scaseandfoundhimguiltyonceagain.TextIntroduction|CultureNotes|Author|StructureG-R:CN-separate-but-equal-3ThePlessydecisionsettheprecedentthat“separate”facilitiesforblacksandwhiteswereconstitutionalaslongastheywere“equal.”The“separatebutequal”doctrinewasquicklyextendedtocovermanyareasofpubliclife,suchasrestaurants,theaters,restrooms,andpublicschools.Notuntil1954,intheequallyimportantBrownv.BoardofEducationdecision,wouldthe“separatebutequal”doctrinebestruckdown.TextIntroduction|CultureNotes|Author|StructureG-R:CN-civil-rightscivil-rights(Paragraph9)TheCivilRightsMovementwasatapeakfrom1955–1965.CongresspassedtheCivilRightsActof1964andtheVotingRightsActof1965,guaranteeingbasiccivilrightsforallAmericans,regardlessofrace,afternearlyadecadeofnonviolentprotestsandmarches,rangingfromthe1955–1956Montgomerybusboycotttothestudent-ledsit-insofthe1960stotheFreedomRidesin1961.TextIntroduction|CultureNotes|Author|StructureG-R:CN-PTAsPTAs(Paragraph9)

ThePTA(Parent-TeacherAssociation)isthelargestvolunteerchildadvocacyorganizationintheUnitedStates.Itisanot-for-profitassociationofparents,educators,students,andothercitizensactiveintheirschoolsandcommunities.ThePTAhas6millionmembersworkingin26,000PTAsinall50statesandtheDistrictofColumbia.TextIntroduction|CultureNotes|Author|StructureG-R:CN-JamesfarmerJamesFarmer(Paragraph9)

BorninMarshall,Texas,JamesFarmer(1920–1999)wasaneducator,administrator,andoneofthefoundersoftheCongressofRacialEquality(CORE).TextIntroduction|CultureNotes|Author|StructureG-R:author-bioShirleyChisholm(1924–2023)thefirstAfrican-AmericanwomanelectedtotheU.S.Congress,wasapassionateandeffectiveadvocateofequalrightsforminorities,womenandchildrenwhochangedthenation’sperceptionaboutthecapabilitiesofwomenandAfrican-Americans.TextIntroduction|CultureNotes|Author|StructureG-R:structureTextIntroduction|CultureNotes|Author|StructurePart1(Para1)thepointofargument:beingblackismuchlessofadrawbackthanbeingfemalePart2(Para2-13)thediscussionofthetwodrawbacksPart3(Para14-17)theauthor’sdeterminationandattitudetowardsdiscriminationagainstwomenDR-p1-textI’DRATHERBEBLACKTHANFEMALE

ShirleyChisholm1. BeingthefirstblackwomanelectedtoCongresshas

mademesomekindofphenomenon.TherearenineotherblacksinCongress;therearetenotherwomen.Iwasthefirsttoovercomebothhandicapsatonce.Ofthetwohandicaps,beingblackismuchlessofadrawbackthanbeingfemale.DetailedReadingDR-p2-text2. IfIsaidthatbeingblackisagreaterhandicapthanbeingawoman,probablynoonewouldquestionme.Why?Because“weallknow”thereisprejudiceagainstblackpeopleinAmerica.Thatthereisprejudiceagainstwomenisanideathatstillstrikesnearlyallmen—and,Iamafraid,mostwomen—asbizarre.DetailedReadingDR-p3-text3. PrejudiceagainstblackswasinvisibletomostwhiteAmericansformanyyears.Whenblacksfinallystartedto“mention”it,withsit-ins,boycotts,andfreedomrides,Americanswereincredulous.“Who,us?”theyaskedininjuredtones.“We’reprejudiced?”Itwasthestartofalong,painfulreeducationforwhiteAmerica.Itwilltakeyearsforwhites—includingthosewhothinkofthemselvesasliberals—todiscoverandeliminatetheracistattitudestheyallactuallyhave.DetailedReadingDR-p4-text4. Howmuchharderwillitbetoeliminatetheprejudiceagainstwomen?Iamsureitwillbealongerstruggle.PartoftheproblemisthatwomeninAmericaaremuchmorebrainwashedandcontentwiththeirrolesassecond-classcitizensthanblackseverwere.DetailedReadingDR-p5-text5. Letmeexplain.Ihavebeenactiveinpoliticsformorethantwentyyears.Forallbutthelastsix,Ihavedonethework—allthetediousdetailsthatmakethedifferencebetweenvictoryanddefeatonelectionday—whilemenreapedtherewards,whichisalmostinvariablythelotofwomeninpolitics.DetailedReadingDR-p6-text6. Itisstillwomen—aboutthreemillionvolunteers—whodomostofthisworkintheAmericanpoliticalworld.Thebestanyofthemcanhopeforisthehonorofbeingdistrictorcountyvice-chairman,akindofseparate-but-equalpositionwithwhichawomanisrewardedforyearsoffaithfulenvelopestuffingandcard-partyorganizing.Insuchajob,shegetsanumberoffreetripstostateandsometimesnationalmeetingsandconventions,whereherroleissupposedtobetovotethewayhermalechairmanvotes.DetailedReadingDR-p7-8-text7. WhenItriedtobreakoutofthatrolein1963andrunfortheNewYorkStateAssemblyseatfromBrooklyn’sBedfordStuyvesant,theresistancewasbitter.Fromthestartofthatcampaign,Ifacedundisguisedhostilitybecauseofmysex.8. Butitwasfouryearslater,whenIranforCongress,thatthequestionofmysexbecameamajorissue.Amongmembersofmyownparty,closedmeetingswereheldtodiscusswaysofstoppingme.DetailedReadingDR-p9-text9. Myopponent,thefamouscivil-rightsleaderJamesFarmertriedtoprojectablack,masculineimage;hetouredtheneighborhoodwithsoundtrucksfilledwithyoungmenwearingAfrohaircuts,dashikis,andbeards.Whilethetelevisioncrewsignoredme,theywerenotawareofaveryimportantstatistic,whichbothIandmycampaignmanager,WesleyMacD.Holder,knew.Inmydistrictthereare2.5womenforeverymanregisteredtovote.Andthoseareorganized—inPTAs,churchsocieties,cardclubs,andothersocialandservicegroups.Iwenttothemandaskedtheirhelp.Mr.Farmerstilldoesn’tquiteknowwhathithim.DetailedReadingDR-p10-text10. Whenabrightyoungwomangraduatestartslookingforajob,whyisthefirstquestionalways:“Canyoutype?”Ahistoryofprejudiceliesbehindthatquestion.Whyarewomenthoughtofassecretaries,notadministrators?Librariansandteachers,butnotdoctorsandlawyers?Becausetheyarethoughtofasdifferentandinferior.Thehappyhomemakerandthecontenteddarkyarebothstereotypesproducedbyprejudice.DetailedReadingDR-p11-text11. Womenhavenotevenreachedtheleveloftokenismthatblacksarereaching.NowomensitontheSupremeCourt.OnlytwohaveheldCabinetrank,andnonedoatpresent.Onlytwowomenholdambassadorialrank.Butwomenpredominateinthelower-paying,menial,unrewarding,dead-endjobs,andwhentheydoreachbetterpositions,theyareinvariablypaidlessthanamangetsforthesamejob.DetailedReadingDR-p12-13-text12. Ifthatisnotprejudice,whatwouldyoucallit?13. Afewyearsago,Iwastalkingwithapoliticalleaderaboutapromisingyoungwomanasacandidate.“Whyinvesttimeandefforttobuildthegirlup?”heaskedme.“Youknowshe’llonlydropoutofthegametohaveacoupleofkidsjustaboutthetimewe’rereadytorunherformayor.”DetailedReadingDR-p14-text14. Plentyofpeoplehavesaidsimilarthingsaboutme.Plentyofothershaveadvisedme,everytimeItriedtotakeanotherupwardstep,thatIshouldgobacktoteaching,awoman’svocation,andleavepoliticstothemen.Iloveteaching,andIamreadytogobacktoitassoonasIamconvincedthatthiscountrynolongerneedsawoman’scontribution.DetailedReadingDR-p15-text15. Whentherearenochildrengoingtobedhungryinthisrichnation,Imaybereadytogobacktoteaching.Whenthereisagoodschoolforeverychild,Imaybeready.Whenwedonotspendourwealthonhardwaretomurderpeople,whenwenolongertolerateprejudiceagainstminorities,andwhenthelawsagainstunfairhousingandunfairemploymentpracticesareenforcedinsteadofevaded,thentheremaybenothingmoreformetodoinpolitics.DetailedReadingDR-p16-text16. Butuntilthathappens—andweallknowitwillnotbethisyearornext—whatweneedismorewomeninpolitics.Becausewehaveaveryspecialcontributiontomake.Ihopethattheexampleofmysuccesswillconvinceotherwomentogetintopolitics—andnotjusttostuffenvelopes,buttorunforoffice.

DetailedReadingDR-p17-text17. Itiswomenwhocanbringempathy,tolerance,insight,patience,andpersistencetogovernment—thequalitieswenaturallyhaveorhavehadtodevelopbecauseofoursuppressionbymen.Thewomenofanationmolditsmorals,itsreligion,anditspoliticsbythelivestheylive.Atpresent,ourcountryneedswomen’sidealismanddetermination,perhapsmoreinpoliticsthananywhereelse.DetailedReadingDR:p1AnalysisParagraph1AnalysisThisparagraphintroducesthetopicandthemeofthepassage,i.e.thewidespreadandyetseeminglyunnoticedsexualdiscriminationagainstwomen,whichisevenmoreseriousthanracialdiscriminationagainstblacks.“...beingblackismuchlessofadrawbackthanbeingfemale.”DetailedReadingDR:p2-4AnalysisParagraphs2-4AnalysisInthesethreeparagraphstheauthorfirstmentionsthe“invisible”anddeep-rootedprejudiceagainstblacksinAmerica,andthen,inthefourthparagraph,shepointsoutthatitwillbehardertoeliminatetheprejudiceagainstwomen,whohaveacceptedtheirinferiorstatusthemselves.DetailedReadingDR:p5-6AnalysisParagraphs5-6AnalysisThesetwoparagraphsstartto“explain”theauthor’spointexpressedintheprecedingpartbydescribingwhatinferiorworksheherselfhasdoneandmillionsofwomenareexpectedtodoin“theAmericanpoliticalworld”whichisdominatedbymen.DetailedReadingDR:p7-9AnalysisParagraphs7-9AnalysisInthesethreeparagraphstheauthordescribesthe“bitter”reactionoftheAmericanpoliticalworldwhenawomanattempts“tobreak”its“rules”byrelatingherowntwoelectionexperiences,i.e.howthatinvisibleprejudicebecomes“undisguisedhostility”whenawomandeviatesfromthem.DetailedReadingDR:p10-12AnalysisParagraphs10-12AnalysisIntheseparagraphs,thediscussionextendsfromtheprejudiceagainstwomeninpoliticstoemployment(Paragraph10)andcareerdevelopment(Paragraph11).Paragraph12istheauthor’sconclusionaboutsexualprejudiceinAmerica,whichisastrongstatementintheformofarhetoricalquestion.DetailedReadingDR:p13-15AnalysisParagraphs13-15AnalysisIntheseparagraphs,theauthorreturnstoherownexperiences—whatapoliticalleadersaidaboutanotherwomanandwhat“plentyofpeople”saidabouther(Paragraphs13-14),aswellasherpersonalreactiontothesocialexpectationforherto“gobacktoteaching”and“leavepoliticstothemen”—andwhysherefusestodothat(Paragraphs14-15).DetailedReadingDR:p16-17AnalysisParagraphs16-17AnalysisThisistheconcludingsectioninwhichtheauthorstronglyurgeswomen’sactiveparticipationinpolitics(Paragraph16),andpointsouttheimpactofwomen’snaturalqualitiesonthenationandpolitics(Paragraph17).Theauthorwindsupthepassagewithacallformorewomen’sparticipationinpolitics.DetailedReadingDR-Question-p2Paragraph2:QuestionWhyisbeingawomanagreaterhandicapthanbeingblack?DetailedReadingMostwhiteAmericans,eventheliberals,wouldnotadmitthattheyareprejudicedagainstblacks.Theauthorpredictsthatitwilltakeyearsforpeopletorealizeit.Then,inParagraph4,sheindicatesthatitwilltakeanevenlongertimeforthemtoeliminateprejudiceagainstwomenbecausewomenthemselvesaremoreaccustomedtotheirroleassecond-classcitizensthanblackseverwere.DR-Question-p3Paragraph3:QuestionHowdoyouunderstand“‘Who,us?’theyaskedininjuredtones”?Whydoestheauthoruse“injuredtones”?DetailedReadingThequestionhereisarhetoricalquestion,whichisineffectastrongnegativestatement,i.e.“Anyonebutus.”By“injuredtones”theauthorsuggeststhattheAmericanpeoplebelievethatthereisnoracialprejudiceintheircountryandtheyareveryproudofit.Anyrevelationofthisfactwouldinjuretheirpride,butthisiswhere“thereeducationforwhiteAmerica”shouldstart,thoughitmaybevery“painful.”DR-Question-p5Paragraph5:QuestionWhat,accordingtotheauthor,istherolethatwomenaresupposedtoplayinAmericanpolitics?DetailedReadingUsuallywomenarefaithfullyengagedintediousdetailssuchasenvelopestuffingandcard-partyorganizing.Althoughtheircontributionmakesthedifferenceonelectionday,itismenwhoreapthereward,i.e.getthehonorandimportantpositions.Incontrast,womencanatmostgetdecorativeandsubordinatepoststoechowhattheirmalepartnerssay.DR-Question-p9Paragraph9:QuestionWhydidtheauthor’sopponent,JamesFarmer,trytoprojectablack,masculine

image?DetailedReadingBecausehewasawarethatsuchaprofilewouldgainpeople’ssympathyforblacksandvoters’favorinamale-dominatedsociety.DR-Question-p10-11Paragraph10-11:QuestionHowarewomendiscriminatedagainstinemploymentandcareerdevelopment?DetailedReadingFirstofall,theyaredeemedasdifferentandinferior,sothattheyarethoughtofasonlybeingcapableofsomeworkconventionallydonebyfemales;nexttheyhavefarlesschancetobepromotedtoimportantpositions;third,theyarepaidlessthanamangetsforthesamejob.DR-Question-p14Paragraph14-15:QuestionHowdidtheauthorrespondtoothers’advicethatsheshouldgobacktoteachingandleavepoliticstothemen?DetailedReadingTheauthoradmitsthatshelovesteaching,butshefirmlybelievesthatwomenshouldbemoreactiveinpoliticstoremoveallsocialinjustices,includingprejudiceagainstwomen.DR-Question-p16Paragraph16:QuestionWhydoestheauthorthinkthatweneedmorewomeninpolitics?DetailedReadingTheauthoradmitsthatshelovesteaching,butshefirmlybelievesthatwomenshouldbemoreactiveinpoliticstoremoveallsocialinjustices,includingprejudiceagainstwomen.DR-Question-p16Paragraph16:QuestionWhydoestheauthorthinkthatweneedmorewomeninpolitics?DetailedReadingTheauthoradmitsthatshelovesteaching,butshefirmlybelievesthatwomenshouldbemoreactiveinpoliticstoremoveallsocialinjustices,includingprejudiceagainstwomen.LPT-Beingthefirstblackwoman“BeingthefirstblackwomanelectedtoCongresshasmademesomekindofphenomenon.”DetailedReadingParaphraseBecauseIamthefirstblackwomantobeelectedtoCongress,peoplethinkIamsomethingextraordinary.LPT-phenomenonDetailedReadingTheBeatleswereaphenomenon—nobodyhadheardanythinglikethembefore.Herrisetofamewasquitephenomenal—inlessthantwoyearsshewasahouseholdname.Hisfirstnovelwasphenomenallysuccessful—itwastranslatedintooverthirtylanguages.phenomenonn.someoneorsomethingthatisveryimpressiveorsurprisinge.g.LPT-bothhandicapsbothhandicapsbeingbothblackandfemaleHere“handicap”means“disadvantage.”DetailedReadingLPT-ofthetwohandicapsbeingblackismuch“Ofthetwohandicaps,beingblackismuchlessofadrawbackthanbeingfemale.”

DetailedReadingParaphraseBeingawomanisagreaterdisadvantagethanbeingablack.(“Handicap”and“drawback”aretwosynonymsmeaning“difficulty”or“disadvantage.”)LPT-handicapDetailedReadingDoesn’tshefinditabitofahandicaptryingtoorganizehersociallifewithoutaphone?Trafficisamajordrawbacktolivinginanymajorcity.handicapn.adisadvantagethatpreventsyoufromdoingsomethingwelle.g.LPT-thatthereisprejudice“Thatthereisprejudiceagainstwomenisanideathatstillstrikesnearlyallmen—and,Iamafraid,mostwomen—asbizarre.”DetailedReadingParaphraseAlmostallmenand,Ithink,mostwomenarenotawareoftheirownandotherpeople’ssexualprejudiceagainstwomen.WhensomeoneassertsthereissuchprejudiceinAmerica,theywillfindithardtobelieve.LPT-bizarreDetailedReading

bizarrebehaviourareallybizarrecharacterbizarreadj.strangeanddifficulttoexplaine.g.LPT-Prejudiceagainstblackswasinvisible“PrejudiceagainstblackswasinvisibletomostwhiteAmericansformanyyears.”

DetailedReadingParaphraseForalongtime,mostwhiteAmericansdidnotrealizethattheywereprejudicedagainstblacks.LPT-invisibleDetailedReadingTheStealthFighterisanaircraftdesignedtobeinvisibletoradar.Inherfirstnovel,sheexaminedthesocialinvisibilityofmiddle-agedwomeninvisibleadj.somethingthatisinvisiblecannotbeseen;notphysicallyexistingbuthavinganoticeableeffecte.g.LPT-Itwilltakeyearsforwhites“Itwilltakeyearsforwhites—includingthosewhothinkofthemselvesasliberals—todiscoverandeliminatetheracistattitudestheyallactuallyhave.”DetailedReadingParaphraseItwillbemanyyearsbeforewhites—

includingthosewhoconsiderthemselvesopen-minded—becomeconsciousoftheirownracialprejudiceagainstblacks,andthengiveitup.LPT-eliminateDetailedReadingAmovetowardshealthyeatingcouldhelpeliminateheartdiseasetosomeextent.Thepoliceeliminatedhimfromtheirenquiries.eliminatevt.togetridofsomethingthatisnotwantedorneedede.g.LPT-womeninAmericaaremuchmore“...womeninAmericaaremuchmorebrainwashedandcontentwiththeirrolesassecond-classcitizensthanblackseverwere.”DetailedReadingParaphrase...womeninAmericahavebeenmadetobelieveonlywhatAmericanculturewantsthemtobelieveabouttheirinferiorrolesinsociety.Asaresulttheynowfeelquitecomfortablewiththeirinferiorsocialstatus.Incomparison,blackshadneverbeensobrainwashedandcontentwiththeirinferiorstatus.LPT-brainwashDetai