新编英语教程第三版第三册第九单元课件公开课一等奖市优质课赛课获奖课件

main新编英语教程（第三版）第三册ANewEnglishCourse(ThirdEdition)Unit3Unit5Unit6Unit7Unit8Unit2Unit10Unit1Unit4Unit9Unit11Unit12MovieClipQuotesLeanin-mainMovieClipMovieClipWatchthemovieclipandanswerthefollowingquestions.Questions:Itissnowinginthemiddleofsummer,whichisadramaticchangeintheweather.1.WhatishappeninginWhoville?Script3Theythinkitisabigtroubleanditisendoftheworld.2.Whatdotheythinkofthedisaster?Script3Climatechangeisoneofthebiggestissuesfacingtheworldtoday.Howmuchdoyouknowaboutit?Whatshallwedowhenfacingtheissue?Haveadiscussionwithyourpartner.Discussion:MovieClipvideoScriptScript1-Mayor?Openup,Mr.Mayor!Mr.Mayor!It’ssnowinginthesummer!-Yes,yes,itis.-It’sadramaticchangeintheweather.Asifwewereonaspeckfloatingtospace.Idon’tknowhowyouknew.But,somehowyoudid.AndWhovilleisheadedfordisaster.-Oh,Horton.-What?-Ah,nothing.I’monit.-It’suptoustosavethepeopleofWhoville.-That’snot...Stop.OK.Anybodyelse?...Good.No,no.Don’tjoinit.Thisisnotfun.Uh,thisissignofdoom.Oh,sweety,that’s.No.Nonono.Danger!Danger!Stophavingfunimmediately!Thisisdangerous.OK.-Horton?-Uh?What?Hey,there.-We’reinbigtroubledownhere.It’shappening.It’ssnowinginthemiddleofsummer.It’sendoftheworld!-Holdonhere.IthinkIknowwhatyourproblemis.There,getbetter?Script2-Thatseemsyouhaveworked.Eh-uh.DoIsmellpeanuts?-Yeah,theyaremyfavoritesnack.Script3(FromtheanimationHortonHearsaWho!)QuotesProverbsReadthefollowingquotesandtellyourclassmateswhichoneisyourfavorite.Stateyourreasons.Ifwintercomes,canspringbefarbehind?—PercyByssheShelleyInseedtimelearn,inharvestteach,inwinterenjoy.—WilliamBlakeProverbsAutumnisasecondspringwhereeveryleafisaflower.—AlbertCamusNowinterlastsforever;nospringskipsitsturn.—HalBorlandTobeinterestedinthechangingseasonsisahappierstateofmindthantobehopelesslyinlovewithspring.—GeorgeSantayanaProverbsIfNatureisopposed,wewillfightherandmakeherobeyus.—SimónBolívar

Itseemsclearatlastthatourloveforthenaturalworld—Nature—istheonlymeansbywhichwecanrequiteGod’sobviousloveforit.—EdwardAbbeySpeakingPracticeListeninginandSpeakingout-mainNotesListening1.Oregon—ItisoneofthefiftystatesoftheUnitedStates,locatedonthePacificcoast,withWashingtontothenorth,Californiatothesouth,NevadaonthesoutheastandIdahototheeast.2.spellsof—aperiodofweatherofaparticularkindNotesNotesNotes3.prettymuch—verynearly4.dungeon—aroomorcellinwhichprisonersareheld,especiallyunderground.Dungeonsaregenerallyassociatedwithmedievalcastles.Notes5.seasonalaffectivedisorder(SAD)—alsoknownaswinterdepression,winterblues,summerdepression,summerblues,orseasonaldepression.Itisamooddisorderinwhichpeoplewhohavenormalmentalhealththroughoutmostoftheyearexperiencedepressivesymptomsinthewinterorsummer,springorautumnyearafteryear.季节性情感障碍6.catch22—ThetermwascoinedbyJosephHeller,anAmericanwriterinhisnovelCatch-22publishedin1961.Inthebook,“Catch-22”isamilitaryrule,theself-contradictorycircularlogicthat,forexample,preventsanyonefromavoidingcombatmissions.Itdescribedasituationwhere,inWWII,youcouldbeexcludedfromcombatifyouwerecrazy.However,theveryprocessofwantingtoleavecombatprovedthatyouweresane,thereforeyouhadtokeepfighting.NotesNotesNow,thetermisoftenusedtorefertoaparadoxicalsituationinwhichanindividualcannotavoidaproblembecauseofcontradictoryconstraintsorrules.Oftenthesesituationsaresuchthatsolvingonepartofaproblemonlycreatesanotherproblem,whichultimatelyleadsbacktotheoriginalproblem.InSouthernOregon,summersareveryhot,sunnyanddry,whilethewintersbringlongspellsofgreyskiesanddrizzlyrain.BetweenNovemberandMarchitfeelslikeitrainsallthetime,oratleaststaysprettydark.ListeningListentotherecordingandanswerthefollowingquestions.1.WhatistheclimatelikeinSouthernOregon?WhatistheweatherliketherebetweenNovemberandMarch?ListeningScriptListeningThebrightandsunnydaysinthepastfewdayshasbeenbrighteningthespeaker’smood.2.Whathasbeenbrighteningthespeaker’smoodinthepastfewdays?Shegottheconfirmationofthefactthatweatheraffectsourmoodsinalittleinformationale-bookcalledBrightenYourLife.3.Wheredidshegettheconfirmationofthefactthattheweatheraffectsourmoods?Peoplenowspendlesstimeoutdoorsbecauseoftheirlazinessorroutinehabits.Stayingoutdoorscanmakepeople’sheadsclearandmaketheirenergyrise.PeoplecanalsogetVitaminDfromthesun.ListeningAccordingtoDr.Kripke,sadnessruleswhereitisdarkwhilelightmakespeoplehappier.4.AccordingtoDr.Kripke,whatisthecorrelationbetweenlightandourmoods?5.Inthespeaker’sview,whydopeoplenowspendlesstimeoutdoors?Whatarethebenefitsofspendingmoretimeoutside?Script1LightupYourLife:HowtheWeatherAffectsOurMoodsForthepastthreeyears,I’vebeenlivinginSouthernOregon,wherethesummersareveryhot,sunnyanddry,whilethewintersbringlongspellsofgreyskiesanddrizzlyrain.BetweenNovemberandMarchitfeelslikeitrainsallthetime,oratleaststaysprettydark.Luckily,thepastfewdayshavebroughtsomebright,sunnydays,andthat’sbeenbrighteningmymood,too.Ialwayswonderedwhypeople—especiallyweatherforecasters—alwayshadtoequatecertainweatherwithbeing“miserable”or“dreary”.Ithoughtitwasprettymuchgivingourpowerawaytoletsomethingasrandomastheweatheraffectourmoods.Script2ButlatelyI’vebeenthinkingmoreandmoreaboutthescientificvalidityofthat.Afterabitofdigging,Igotconfirmationofthefactthatlight(and,byextension,weather)doesindeedimpactthewaywefeel.It’slaidoutprettyclearlyinalittleinformationale-bookcalledBrighten

YourLife.Inthebook,Dr.Kripkewrites,“Thinkaboutthedarkdungeonsofdespair,theheartofdarkness,thegloominessofafuneralmood.Sadnessruleswhereitisdark,”Hegoesontosay,“ThinkaboutapersonwhohasseentheLight.Thinkaboutbrilliance.Thinkhowwedescribethegreatjoyoflovebysinging,‘YouareMySunshine’.Weknowthatlightmakesushappier.”Script3Thesedays,wespendmoreandmoretimeindoors,andDr.Kripkeblamesmodernurbanization.Hepointsoutthatwhenhewasalittleboy,theyplayedoutsideoften,andwalkedtoschooleveninthewinter.Afterall,theydidn’thaveallthevideogamesandelectronictoys,andtherewereonlyafewchannelsonTV.Butwedon’tneedtoblametechnology.Infact,technologyprovidesananswerinKripke’sbook:brightlight,whichisusedtotreatdepressionandseasonalaffectivedisorder(SAD).

Script4

Soifnottechnology,whatshouldweblame?Laziness,perhaps,orsimplyroutinehabits.Butit’sreallyacatch22.Wedon’tfeellikegoingoutside,butwefeelworsebystayingin.IknowthatIfindmyheadclearsandmyenergyriseswhenIgooutside,evenifitisraining.Socertainlyourkidscanbenefitfromfreshairtoo,nottomentiontheVitaminDwegetfromthesun.That’swhyI’mmakingitapersonalgoalthisyeartospendmoretimeoutside,andtotakemyfamilywithme,regardlessofhowmuchmyhusbandandIfeelweneedtobetiedtoourcomputers,working.Afterall,ifyou’regoingtolightupyourlife,youmightaswelldoitthenaturalway.Indoorlightsmightbegood,butthebiggestlightofall—thesun—isevenbetter.SpeakingPracticeSpeakingPractice1.Giveanoralpresentationonthesummaryofthelisteningpassage.ForyourreferenceThekeypoints:-myexperienceandconsiderationconcerningtherelationshipbetweenweatherandourmoods-Dr.Kripke’sstatementsinthee-bookBrightenYourLife-whattoblameforourspendingmoretimeindoors-mypersonalgoaltospendmoretimeoutsideSpeakingPractice2.Discussandcommentontheeffectivenessofeachother’soralpresentation.3.Workinpairsandtaketurnstoaskandgiveanswersaboutthefollowingtopics:a.Doyouagreethattheweatheraffectsourmoods?Haveyoueverhadsuchanexperience?b.Canyoucitesomeexamplesfromsomeliteraryworksregardingthecorrelationbetweentheweatherandpeople’smoods?c.Whydopeoplenowspendmoretimeindoors?CommentsontheTextExercisesDialogue-mainTextIPre-ReadingQuestionsGeneralReadingBackgroundNotesTextDialogue-mainTextIITextATextBPre-ReadingQuestionsPre-ReadingQuestionsWhatdoesthetitleofthetextsuggesttoyou?Makeyourownpredictionsaboutthecontentsofthepassagebylistingtwoorthreethingsthatarelikelytobedealtwithinit.Useyourimaginationtomakeyourownpredictions.Thendiscusswithyourclassmates.Time:Place:Events:Unpleasantmemories:Outside:1.2.3.earlyJanuarytolateMarchGeneralReading_______________________Gooverthetextrapidlyonceandfillinthegridwithwhatyouhavelearnedfromyourfirstrapidreading.GeneralReadinginthedepthofthecountry_______________________beautifulsnowsceneturnedintouglyfrostboundsight___________________________________________birdsgrowingtamerandwaitingatthedoorstep___________________________________________waterfrozenalmostinstantly___________________________________________water-pipesfrozenInside:1.2.3.4.Onegoodthing—Thethaw—centralheatinginadequateandunco-operative;oil-stovesunavailableGeneralReadingsittinginsideinovercoatsdraughtcominginthroughwindows,doorsandholesinthewalls________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________eggsnotbrokenwhendropped______________________________watersquirtingfrompipesbringingabouta“flood”_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________BackgroundNotes1BackgroundNotesCentralHeatingAcentralheatingsystemprovideswarmthtothewholeinteriorofabuilding(orportionofabuilding)fromonepointtomultiplerooms.Whencombinedwithothersystemsinordertocontrolthebuildingclimate,thewholesystemmaybeanHVAC(heating,ventilationandairconditioning)system.BackgroundNotes1Centralheatingdiffersfromlocalheatinginthattheheatgenerationoccursinoneplace,suchasafurnaceroominahouseoramechanicalroominalargebuilding(thoughnotnecessarilyatthe“central”geometricpoint).Themostcommonmethodofheatgenerationinvolvesthecombustionoffossilfuelinafurnaceorboiler.BackgroundNotes1Theresultantheatthengetsdistributed:typicallyby:forced-airthroughductwork,watercirculatingthroughpipes,orbysteamfedthroughpipes.

Increasingly,buildingsutilizesolar-poweredheatsources,inwhichcasethedistributionsystemnormallyuseswatercirculation.Dialogue-Text1AWintertoRememberAccordingtotheweathermenlastwinterwasoneoftheworstinlivingmemory.Weliveinthedepthsofthecountry,andmywholefamilyagreethatitwascertainlyawinterweshallneverforget.SnowbegantofallatroundaboutthebeginningoftheNewYearandcontinuedonandoffforapproximatelytendays.Atfirstwewereallthrilledtoseeit.Itfellsilentlyandrelentlesslyinlargesoftflakesuntileveryuglypatchandcornerofourratherramblinggardenwassmoothedoverandhadbecomeaspotlesswhitecanopy.Thechildrensoonspoiltitsbeautybyhavingsnowballfightsandleavingtheirfootprintsalloverit.Hungrybirdstoo,insearchofscrapsoffood,madedelicateimpressionsonitssurface.Itwasnow,whenthegardenwasallchurnedupandofadirtygreycolour,thataseverefrostsetin,hardeningthesnowintouglylumpsofgrimyconcrete.Forthenextthreemonthsthewholecountrysidelayinagripofiron.Dialogue-Text2Indoorsitwasprettycoldtoo.Ourcentralheatingsystemprovedbothinadequateandunco-operative:inadequatepartlybecauseitneededoverhaulingandpartlybecausethepoorstateofthedoorsandmostofthewindowsmadeawhistlingstreamofcoldaircomethrough;unco-operativebecauseoccasionallyitsimplywentonstrike.Everydaythebirdsgrewtamer,oftenwaitinghopefullyalmostonourbackdoorstep.Wefedthemwithbitsofcheese,choppedupmeatandanyleftoverswehad.Wealsoputoutbowlsofwater,whichunfortunatelywithinanhourhadfrozensolid.Dialogue-Text3Dialogue-Text4Tomakemattersworsethereweretinyholesinthebrickworkofmanyoftherooms.Asaresultthewaterpipesfrozesothatforseveralweeksourwatersupplyhadtobebroughtinbucketsfromanearbyfarm.Wetriedtobuyanumberofoil-stovestokeeptheseroomswarm,butotherpeople

hadthoughtofdoingthistoo—whenwecalledat

thevillageshoptheshopkeepertoldusshehadsoldoutandthatalthoughthere

weremoreonorder

theywereunlikelytobedelivereduntilthespring—

which,ofcourse,wasagreatcomfort.Dialogue-Text5ThroughoutJanuaryandFebruaryandmuchofMarchwesataboutinourovercoatsandwarmedourselvesbytrampingtoandfromthefarm,luggingbucketsofwater.Ononeoccasionthewateractuallyfrozebeforeitreachedthehouse,andouryoungestson—notthemostintelligentofyouth—promptlytookitallthewaybacktothefarm.Dialogue-Text6However,onegoodthingdidhappen.Oneofthechildrendroppedacontainerwithadozeneggsinit.IstoopeddownfuriouslytopickupwhatIthoughtwouldbethemessy

remainsonlytodiscovertheeggshadcometonoharm—theywereassolidasiftheyhadbeenhard-boiled.

Dialogue-Text7LateinMarch,itfinallythawed.Watersquirtedfrompipesinatleasthalfadozenplaces.Insteadofcarting

bucketsofwaterintothekitchenfromthefarmwenowbroughttheminfromdifferentpartsofthehouse.Eventually

wefoundaplumber.Theplumberundoubtedlysavedusfromdrowning.Ihavebeendevotedtoplumberseversince.ByRobertBestapproximatelyapproximately:ad.(ofquantities)imprecisebutfairlyclosetocorrecte.g.:Atpresenttherearenowomenamongtheapproximately40cosmonautsintheRussianspaceprogram.Worldwide,approximately100millionsharksarekilledeachyear,98%exclusivelyfortheirfins.thrilledthrilled:

a.feelingintensepleasurableexcitemente.g.:We’rethrilledsomanypeopleareinterestedintryingoutanewapproachtoonlinesharing.AlsothrilledwasRyan’sfatherGary,aformerjumpjockeyandnowsuccessfultrainer.relentlesslyrelentlessly:ad.innever-ceasingmannere.g.:Boxersheadforthegymandworkoutrelentlesslyeveryday.Shealwaysquestionedmerelentlessly.flakeflake:

n.asmallthinpieceofsomething,especiallyifithascomefromasurfacecoveredwithalayerofsomethinge.g.:Oneflakeandthenanother,andthedeepestsnowislaid.Theonlyothersound’sthesweepofeasywindanddownyflake.patchpatch:

n.asmallareaofsomethingthatisdifferentfromtheareaaroundite.g.:Therewasasmallpatchofblueinthegreyclouds.Children’stoyslayabandonedoverasmallpatchofaneatgarden.ramblingrambling:

a.largeandspreadingoutinmanydifferentdirectionse.g.:Herewasanoldchurch,quaintandramblingandgabled.Shehadahuge,ramblingcountryhousecalled“TheGables”.e.g.:Itwasadeeppoolunderahighcanopyofleaves.Tothesouth,Sycamoretreescreateatall,broadleafcanopy.canopycanopy:

n.acovering(usuallyofcloth)thatservesasarooftoshelteranareafromtheweatherscrapscrap:

n.asmallirregularpieceofsomethingorasmallamountofinformatione.g.:Whattheyhaddiscoveredwasnothingmorethanascrapofmetal.Butinhere,Iclingtoscrapofhope.delicatedelicate:

a.markedbygreatskillespeciallyinmeticuloustechniquee.g.:Thussheisrepresentedwithinthechurch,inadelicatesculpturebyStefanoModerno.Thedelicatemodelwassetinplastictoprotectit.churnchurn:

v.Ifwater,mud,etc.,churns,orifsomethingchurnsit,itmovesaboutviolently.e.g.:Thetractorchurnedupthesoil.Agoose’swingschurntheairandleaveanaircurrentbehind.severesevere:

a.verybad,intense,difficulte.g.:Severedamagewitnessedthedestructiveforceofthestorm.Inaseverewinter,wildanimalscandiefromlackoffood.lumplump:

n.asmallpieceofsomethingsolid,withoutaparticularshapee.g.:Shehasworkedupalumpofclayintoabust.Thecrowflewovertheriverwithalumpofrawliver.grimygrimy:

a.dirtye.g.:Thisplacewasgrimyandlow;thegirlswerecarelessandhardened.Headingsouth,ittook15minutestogetbeyondthetown’sgrimyringoflightindustry.gripgrip:

n.afirmcontrollinginfluencee.g.:ThemurderstunnedCroatia,revealingthegripoforganisedcrimeandcorruption.Theentirecityseemedtoshakeinthegripofagiantfist.tametame:

a.Atameanimalorbirdisnotwildanylonger,becauseithasbeentrainedtolivewithpeople.e.g.:Inthreedaysafterhiscapturehewasquitetame.It’sincrediblethatthetamewolfisasmildasalamb.chopchop:

v.tocutsomethingintosmallerpiecese.g.:Chopcashewnuts,pinenuts,peanutsandpumpkinseeds.Mixthemtogether.Tellthecooktochopthemeatintocubesbeforefryingit.leftoverleftover:

n.foodthathasnotbeeneatenattheendofameale.g.:You’dbestwarmuptheleftoversbeforeeatingthemagain.AfteraquickmealofleftoversIwanttogetbacktowork!inadequateinadequate:

a.notgoodenough,bigenough,skilledenough,etc.,foraparticularpurposee.g.:Maddie’sarealexpertonart,soIfeelcompletelyinadequatewheneverItalktoheraboutit.Theplan,brilliantinitsconception,failedbecauseofinadequatepreparation.uncooperativeunco-operative:

a.notwillingtoworkwithorhelpsomeonee.g.:Theybecamebossy,unco-operativeandhostileintheireffortstowardoffdepression.Butitalsoallowsunco-operativepeopletoconverttheprogramintoproprietarysoftware.overhauloverhaul:

v.torepairorchangethenecessarypartsinamachine,system,etc.,thatisnotworkingcorrectlye.g.:Thelanguagesyllabusneedstobecompletelyoverhauled.Thegovernmentplanstooverhaulthehealthservice.goonstrikegoonstrike:agroupofworkersdeliberatelystopworkingbecauseofadisagreementaboutpay,workingconditions,etc.e.g.:Thecoal-minersdecidedtogoonstrikeforbetterworkingconditions.Theunionhasvotedtogoonstrikeforapayincreaseof10%.bucketbucket:

n.anopencontainerwithahandle,usedforcarryingandholdingthings,especiallyliquidse.g.:Mothertippedtheslopsoutofthebucketintothesink.Thebuckettippedup,pouringmilkalloverthefloor.callatcallat:tostopataplaceforashorttimee.g.:Imustcallatthelibrarytogivebackthisbook.Howmanyportsdowecallatonourpassage?tramptramp:

v.towalksomewhereslowlyandwithheavystepse.g.:Imissedthetrainandhadtotrampit.Wehadtotrampthecreeks.luglug:

v.topullorcarrysomethingheavywithdifficultye.g.:Sheluggedthesuitcaseoutintothehallway.IknowIdon’twanttolugaroundthatextraweight.promptlypromptly:

ad.withoutdelaye.g.:We’llhavetoleavefairlypromptlyifwewanttocatchthattrain.Shepromisedshe’dkeepitsecretandpromptlywentandtoldBen!stoopstoop:

v.tobendyourbodyforwardanddowne.g.:Hehadtostooptogothroughthedoor.He’stoofattostoopdown.furiouslyfuriously:

ad.inamannermarkedbyextremeorviolentenergye.g.:Innotimedidtheygoateachotherfuriously.Thedogranattheboy,barkingfuriously.messymessy:

a.dirtyoruntidye.g.:Inthismessyroom,clothesarechuckedaboutonthefloor.Themaniswearinglonghair,fleecyandmessyandnevercomb.thawthaw:

v.Ifitthaws,theweatherbecomeswarmer,sothaticeandsnowmelt.e.g.:Sheforgottothawoutdinner,sowewentouttodine.Tostartwith,youthawthemeatinthemicrowaveoven.squirtsquirt:

v.Ifyousquirtliquidorifitsquirtssomewhere,itisforcedoutinathinfaststream.e.g.:Keepaneyeonthewaterthough,anddon’tletitsquirtoutofthepipes!Squirtontoacleancloth,applyandsurfaceandpolish.cartcart:

v.drawslowlyorheavilye.g.:Afterboththeirparentsdied,oneoftheirfather’srelativescartedofftheentirecontentsofthehouse.Doyouhavetocartthebagroundallday?eventuallyeventually:

ad.afteralongtime,orafteralotofthingshavehappenede.g.:Hisendlessrecountingoftheincidenteventuallybecameunbearable.Therainbeltismovingsouthward;itwillbesunnyhereeventually.undoubtedlyundoubtedly:

ad.withcertaintye.g.:Undoubtedly,publicinterestinfolkmusichasdeclined.Therewasundoubtedlysomethingcharismaticandunusualabouthim.inlivingmemoryinlivingmemory intheyearswhichcanberememberedbypeoplestillaliveinthedepthsofthecountryinthedepthsofthecountryintheveryremotepartofthecountry.Thedepthsofthecountryarethepartsofthecountrysidewhicharefarfromcitiesandtowns在穷乡僻壤.Thedepths

(plural)mayalsomean“thedeepestortheworstpartofsomething.”e.g.:inthedepthsoftheoceaninthedepthsofwinterinthedepthsofdespairmywholefamilymywholefamilyFamilyisacollectivenoun,denotingagroupofindividualsconsideredasonecompletewhole.Moreexamplesofcollectivenounsofthistype:a

ofpeopleaoffootballplayerstheofdirectorsthewholetheentirecrowd______team____board_____army_____class_____mywholefamilyCollectivenounsmaytakesingularorpluralverbsaccordingtothefollowingrules.1)Ifeverymemberofagroupisactinginthesameway,thecollectivenountakesasingularverb.2)Ifthemembersofagroupareactingseparately,thecollectivenountakesapluralverb.3)Thenumberofthepronounsorpossessiveadjectivesreferringtothecollectivenounscorrespondtothenumberofthecollectivenouns.e.g.:Theclassaretakingnotes,theirpensscribblingquicklyoverthepagesoftheirnotebooks....butotherpeoplehadthoughtofdoingthistoo—whenwecalledatthevillageshop,theshopkeepertold...untilthespring—which,ofcourse,wasagreatcomfort....andouryoungestson—notthemostintelligentofyouths—promptlytookitallthewaybacktothefarm....onlytodiscovertheeggshadcometonoharm—theywereassolidasiftheyhadbeenhardboiled.Thedashisusedintheabovesentencestomarkasuddenchangeofideasortogivesomeexplanation....butotherpeoplethereweremoreonorderThereweremoreoil-stovesbeingrequestedbythevillageshoptobesenttothem已向火油炉厂商进一步订货.Orderinthiscontextisarequestmadeespeciallybyacustomerforsomethingtobesupplied.thereweremoreonordere.g.:Jackplaced/madeanorderfortwentyoil-stovestobesentbeforetheendofNovember.“ShallItakeyourorders?”thewaiterasked.which,ofcourse,wasagreatcomfortThisisatypeofnon-restrictiverelativeclausewhichhasforitsantecedentawholesentence,or,asinthiscase,aclauseorseveralclauses.Here,whichreferstothefactthat“althoughthereweremoreonordertheywereunlikelytobedelivereduntilthespring”.Whichofcoursewasagreatcomforte.g.:TheyinvitedmetogotoShakespeare’sbirthplaceforavisit,whichwasreallyverykindofthem.Theyoungmanwasaskedtoworkunderawoman,whichmadehimfeelgreatlyhumiliated.WhichofcoursewasagreatcomfortAgreatcomfortisanexampleofirony,theuseofwordswhichareclearlyoppositetoone’smeaning反话.Actuallythefactmentionedabovecouldnotbeacomfort,becauseoil-stoveswouldnotbeneededwhenspringcame.CommentsontheTextCommentsontheText

1Thewritersucceedsinconveyingtheuniquenessofaparticular,never-to-be-forgottenwinter.1.Thewritercarefullyselectsasubjectwhichhasmadeaclearimpressiononhimandwantstoevokesympathyfromthereader.2.Hetriestoconveyadistinctimpressionoftheextremecoldbothoutsideandinsidebysettingoutspecificandconcretedetails,likedefinitecoloursandsounds,andspecificactionandattitudesofpeople.CommentsontheText

21)Colour—Vividmetaphorsareusedtoshowhowtheearlybeautyofthesnowfallhasbeenchangedintosomethingharshandugly.aspotlesswhitecanopy;uglylumpsofgrimyconcrete2)Sound—Anumberofphraseshelptoexpressthesoundeffectsassociatedwiththeseverewinterwhichcauseddiscomfortandinconvenience.awhistlingstreamofcoldair;trampingtoandfromthefarm

3)Actions—Aseriesofeverydayoccurrencesarementionedtoemphasizetheseverityofthecoldchildrenhavingsnowballfights,feedingbirdswithleftovers,peopleluggingbucketsofwater,plumbersrepairingpipes4)Attitude—Thedescriptionoftheattitudeofsomemembersofthefamilytowardstheseverewinterholdsthereader’sinteresttheyoungestsonpromptlytakingthewaterallthewaybacktothefarm,thewriterstoopingdownfuriouslytopickuptheeggs5)SightwatersquirtingfrompipesinhalfadozenplacesCommentsontheText

2CommentsontheText

23.Thewriterskilfullyusesdescriptionwithinthenarration.Inotherwords,descriptioniscloselywovenintothewholepassage.Theeffectsofaseverewinteraredescribedin