外研版英语七年级（上册）语法总结

./M1语法1]Whereareyoufrom?你来自哪里？回答：IamfromBeijing./IcomefromBeijing.2]Whataboutgoingswimming?去游泳怎么样？回答：Goodidea!/Soundsgreat!/Great!用法：whatabout=Howabout,about是介词,后接动词ing.例：Whatabout__listening__〔listentomusic?3]Everyoneishere.每个人都在这里。Everyone：每个人,是单数,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。例如：Everyone__likes__<like>music.4]and/but的用法and:和,表示并列或顺承关系。but:但是,表示转折关系。例如：HeisfromChina,__but_heisn’tChinese.5]It’snicetomeetyouall.很高兴见到你们。句型：It’s+形容词+todosth.例如：It’sdifficult_tolearn__〔learnEnglish.6]MynameisTonySmith.Myfirstnameis___Tony______.mylastnameis___Smith______.7]Be的用法1.Be包括is,am,are.2.Be搭配口诀：I用am,you用are,is用于he,she,it.单数和不可数名词用is,复数全用are.3.Be的肯定变否定,be+not4.Be的缩写：Iam=I’m;youare=you’reheis=he’s;sheis=she’s;itis=it’s;whatis=what’s5.Be的疑问句：Be+主语+其他？回答：Yes,主语+be./No,主语+benot.M2语法1]What/How引导的感叹句What+a/an+形容词+名词+〔主语+谓语!=How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语！Whatabigfamily<itis>!=Howbigthefamilyis!Whatfineweather<itis>!=Howfinetheweatheris!2]infrontof在前面/inthefrontof在前部3]名词所有格两人共有：AandB’s+is两人分别有：A’sandB’s+are例如：MrsGreenis__A__mother.A.LinglingandLucy’s B.Lingling’sandLucy’sC.Lingling’sandLucy4]合成词合成词变复数,一般情况,后面的单词变复数。boystudent___boystudents____busdriver__busdrivers______2.含woman和man的合成词变复数,两个都要变复数。manteacher___menteachers_______womandoctor__womendoctors_____5]What’syourfather’sjob?你的爸爸是做什么工作的？=Whatdoesyourfatherdo?=whatisyourfather?回答：Heisateacher.6]BeijingisthecapitalofChina.北京是中国的首都。China—ChineseEngland–EnglishJapan–JapaneseAmerica–AmericanAfrica–African7]Thisisaphotoofmyfamily.这是我的一张全家照。aphotoof…的一张照片8]名词所有格有生命的：Lingling’sbooks无生命的：adoorofclassroom表示时间和距离的：twohours’time我爸爸的一个朋友：afriendofmyfather’s9]方位介词ontheleft在左边；ontheright在右边infrontof在前面；nextto=near紧靠inthemiddleof在中间10]SheandDaming’smotherareatthesamehospital.她和大明的妈妈在同一家医院工作。11]Myfatherisabusdriver,andheworksinabusstation.<职业的单词：policeman;doctor;nurse;teacher;actor;manager.>M3语法1]数字one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten.eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen,twenty.thirty,forty,fifty,sixty,seventy,eighty,ninety,hundred.2]What’syourclassroominEnglandlike?你在英国的教室是什么样子的？belike=looklike看起来像3]alotof=lotsof许多alotof/lotsof后接可数名词复数时,等于many;后接不可数名词时,等于much.4]furniture家具〔总称；food;drink;information信息,这些词都是不可数名词,用is5]some/any一些1.Some:用于肯定句〔表示请求和建议,希望对方肯定回答的句子Wouldyoulikesomemilk?Whataboutsomemilk?CanIhavesomemilk?2.any:用于否定句和疑问句中例如：Ihaven’tgot__any__<some/any>apples.Wouldyoulike_some___<some/any>apples?6]onthewall/inthewall在墙上/在墙里例如：adooris_inthewall______________amapis__onthewall__________7]with/and的区别with和and都有"和"的意思with强调前者。例如：Jackwithhisfather__goes____<go>topark.and强调两者都。例如：Jackandhisfather___go_____<go>topark.8]Therebe句型Therebe表示"有"<thereis/thereare>含义：表示某地存在某人/某物〔have：强调某人/某物拥有句型：〔1肯定句：Thereis/are+某人/某物〔2否定句：Thereisn’t/aren’t+某人/某物〔3疑问句：Is/Are+there+某人/某物？Yes,thereis./No,thereisn’t.Yes,thereare./No,therearen’t4.就近原则：is和are的选择由最靠近它的名词的单复数决定。例如：There__is____apenandtwobooks.There___are____twobooksandapen.M4语法1]food/drink不可数名词〔1drink"饮料",是不可数名词,用is〔2drink:haveadrink〔3drink:"喝",drinktea.2]toomuch/toomany太多〔1toomuch+不可数名词〔2toomany+可数名词复数〔3muchtoo+形容词〔muchtoobig3]kind种类〔1akindof一种〔2differentkindsof不同种类的〔3bekindtosb.对某人和蔼4]health/healthy健康/健康的〔1Itisgoodforyourhealth,pleasekeephealthy.〔2stayhealthy;keephealthy;healthyfood.5]abitof一点Shehas__abitof_____money.=alittle6]remember记得remembertodosth.记得去做某事rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事7]or或者;还是在肯定句中：表示"或者"在否定句和疑问句中,常用or来代替and：Ihaven’tgotapenorabook.在并列句中：表示"否则":Hurryup,oryouwillbelate.8]havegot/hasgot句型1.定义：拥有。havegot=have；hasgot=has2.句型：肯定句：主语+havegot/hasgot+其他否定句：主语+haven’tgot/hasn’tgot+其他疑问句：Have/Has+主语+got+其他？回答：Yes,主语+have/has.No,主语+haven’t/hasn’t.Therebe和havegot的区别Therebe〔某地存在某人/某物；强调存在；havegot〔某人/某物拥有...；强调拥有9]特问词what<什么where<哪里when<何时who<谁which<哪一个How<方式或状态Whattime<什么时刻Howold〔多大Whatcolour<什么颜色Howoften〔多少次once/twice/threetimes10]isgoodfor对…有益反义词isbadfor对…有害11]名词1.可数名词--单数变复数规律：〔1一般情况：加s〔2以s,x,ch,sh结尾：加es〔buses,boxes,watches〔3以"辅音+y"结尾的,变y为i,加es.<family-families,city-cities>〔4以f/fe结尾：把它变成ves.<leaf-leaves,wife-wives,knife-knives>〔5以o结尾,记口诀：<photo-photos>Negroesandheroeslikepotatoesandtomatoes.黑人和英雄喜欢马铃薯和西红柿。〔6man–men;woman-women;child-children〔7oo-ee:foot-feet;tooth-teeth;goose-geese〔8单复数同型：三人：Chinese;English;Japanese三物：fish；deer;sheep〔9特殊单词mouse-mice;ox-oxen;German-Germans2.不可数名词〔1分类：液体类：water;tea;milk等肉类：meat;fish;beef等其他类：chocolate;bread;money;sugar;paper;work;homework;time;food;drink;furniture;information等〔2用法1.不可数名词,不用a/an,不加s/es变复数2.不可数名词,看作单数,和is搭配3.和alittle/little/abitof搭配4.和much搭配M5语法1]时间表达法1212639pasttoo'clockhalfpast1.顺读法It's+点钟+分钟2.逆读法It's+分钟+...+点钟〔1小于30分钟：It's+分钟+past+点钟〔2等于30分钟：It's+halfpast+点钟〔3大于30分钟：It's+〔60-分钟+to+<点钟+1〔4整点：It's+点钟+o'clock〔5等于15分钟：It's+aquarterpast+点钟〔6等于45分钟：It's+aquarterto+<点钟+12]问时间Whattimeisit?=What'sthetime?/回答：It's+时刻3]because因为用Why来提问,用because来回答有because无so,有though无but4]talkto/talkwith与...交谈5]starttodosth开始去做某事=begintodosth6]have的用法have:拥有havebreakfast/havelunch/havedinner:吃早餐/中餐/晚餐haveChinese:上语文课havealook:看一看7]house/home/family的用法house:房子〔强调建筑物home:家乡〔带有感情色彩family:家庭或家人8]look/see/watch/read的用法lookat:看〔强调动作see:看<强调结果watch:观赏〔watchTV/watchgamesread:阅读<readbooks>9]一般现在时1.定义表示经常或反复发生的动作2.用法：1]表示经常发生的动作〔V原或者V三单2]表示现在的状态〔Be3]表示客观事实或普遍真理。3.V形Be<is/am/are>;V原；V三单〔当主语是第三人称单数4.句型1.肯定句：主语+be+其他主语+V原+其他;主语+V三单+其他2.否定句：主语+be+not+其他主语+don’t+V原+其他主语+doesn’t+V原+其他3.疑问句:Be+主语+其他？Do+主语+V原+其他？Does+主语+V原+其他？〔注意：在主+谓+宾结构中,否定句和疑问句要借助助动词do或does,助动词do/does后加动词原形5.标志词always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom<很少,never〔从不,everyday,onMondays6.练习题He__plays___<play>basketballeveryday.Daming__doesn’tlike___<notlike>art.Myfriends__don’tcome____<notcome>._Does___thecat_eat____<eat>fish?Wealways__watch____<watch>TV.M6语法1]suchas例如2]other其他otheranimals=others其他动物one…theother一个…另一个some…theothers一些…另一些3]Shallwegoandseethem?我们可以去看看他们吗？Shallwe+V原型〔祈使句4]alittle/little+不可数名词afew/few+可数名词复数5]aswellas并且；还aswellas=with<强调前者例如：Heaswellashisfather___has____<have>lunch.6]begoodat=dowellin擅长at和in是介词,后接动词ing。例如：Heisgoodat__swimming_____<swim>Hedoeswellin__swimming____<swim>M7语法1]connect…to…把…连接到…2]turnon打开;turnoff关闭turnup调大声；turndown调小声例如：It’ssodark,please_turnon_thelight.3]first第一〔序数词；one一〔基数词Heisthe_first____<onetocomehere.4]表示顺序的词first:首先next:接下来then:然后finally:最后5]finally最后__Finally____<final>,youcanclickthemouse.6]print打印；printer打印机Pleaseusethe__printer___<print>7]mouse老鼠；鼠标〔miceTherearesome__mice____〔mouse.8]share…with…与…分享9]plan计划What’syourplanforyoursummerholiday?Iplan__togo___<go>toBeijing.10]sometimes有时例如：_____C_____mymothergoestoworkbytaxi.SometimesB.SometimeC.Sometimes11]特殊疑问句〔1结构：特问词+一般疑问句？〔2特问词：What<什么where<哪里>;who<谁>;whose<谁的>;which〔哪个;when〔何时;how〔如何,方式或状态;Whattime〔什么时刻;whatcolour〔什么颜色Howsoon〔多快；inanhour;howlong<多长;howoften〔多少次；once;twice;threetimes;alwaysHowmany<问数量；可数名词howmuch〔问数量；不可数名词；问价格〔3做题方法：根据答语选择特问词,问什么答什么M8语法1]Wouldyouliketocometomybirthdayparty?你愿意来参加我的生日聚会吗？Wouldyoulike+sth.?Wouldyouliketodosth.?回答：Yes,I’dloveto./Yes,please.No,thanks./I’dloveto,but…例如：Wouldyoulike___tovisit__<visit>theGreatWall?2]givesth.tosb.=givesb.sth.buysth.forsb.=buysb.sth.3]exercise练习泛指练习时,是不可数名词：dosomeexercise特指具体的练习时,是可数名词复数：doeyeexercises;domorningexercises.4]searchforinformation搜索信息5]use...todo…用…做…6]DoyousingitinChineseorinEnglish?选择疑问句,问什么答什么,不能用Yes/No回答。7]wear穿戴wear:强调穿戴的状态〔wear+衣服,帽子,眼镜,鞋子puton:强调穿的动作〔Please_puton_yourcoatdress:装扮dresssb.<Hedresseshimself>8]choose选择choosetodosth.选择去做9]paper不可数名词,用is10]information不可数名词,用is11]spend花费1.spend时间或者金钱2.人+spend+时间/金钱+onsth.人+spend+时间/金钱+<in>doingsth.例如：It’ssaidthatwe’llhaveto_D___onehour________toBeijing.A.take;flyingB.takes;toflyC.spends;toflyD.spend;flyingM9语法1]afew;few/alittle;little的用法2]lie躺着；说谎1.躺着：lie-lying2.说谎：tellalie3]enjoy享受1.enjoydoingsth.例如：Theyareenjoying_listening_____<listen>tomusic.2.enjoyyourself=haveagoodtime玩得开心4]It'stimetogobacktoschoolnow.到时间回学校了。句型：It'stimetodosth.例如：It'stime__tohave____<have>lunch.5]moment时刻atthemoment=atthismoment=now=rightnow用于现在进行时6]leave离开leaveA:离开AleaveforA:前往A7]geton上车；getoff下车;getup起床8]sleep睡觉gotosleep入睡；gotobed上床睡觉9]现在进行时：V变Ving1.一般情况：加ing2.以e结尾：去e加ing:take-takin