人教课标高一Unit43

Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars高一必修31.__________n.系统;体系;制度2.__________n.学说;理论3.__________n.大气层;气氛4.__________prep.与……不同;不像5.__________n.链子;连锁;锁链system

theoryatmosphereunlikechain6._________n.气候7.________vi.&vt.碰撞;坠落8.________n.&vt.拉(力);拖;牵引力9.________vi.&vt.(使)浮动;(使)漂浮

n.漂浮物10.________adv.

因此，于是11.________n.

球体；地球仪；地球12.___________adj.

基本的；基础的climatecrashpullfloatthusglobefundamental13.multiplyvi.&vt.____________14.physicistn.____________15.gravityn._______________乘；相加物理学家重力；万有引力16._________adj.猛烈的;激烈的;强暴的_________n.暴力17._________adj.有害的_________n.伤害;害处18._________vi.存在;生存_________n.存在;生存violentviolenceharmfulharmexistexistence19.________n.谜;难题

vt.&vi.(使)迷惑;(使)为难_________adj.令人迷惑的_________adj.迷惑的puzzlepuzzlingpuzzled1.及时;终于_________________2.下蛋_________________3.产生;分娩_________________4.轮到某人;接着________________5.阻止;制止_________________intime

layeggs

givebirthto

inone’sturn

prevent…from6.感到高兴;感到振奋________________7.既然________________8.突发;爆发________________9.密切注视;当心;提防________________10.挡住(光线)________________cheerup

nowthat

breakoutwatchoutforblockout1.Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago. 没有人确切知道地球是怎样开始形成的,因为在很早以前它就形成了。

as引导的从句表示原因。2.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.这就产生了一系列的反应,使得生命就有可能开始发展了。

makeit+adj./n.forsb./sth.todosth.3....,IfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.

…,我发觉我被送出去很远,步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍,因而我摔倒了。

timesas...as...是……的几倍1.后缀-ist名词荟萃①biologist生物学家②tourist

旅游者；游客③

physicist

物理学家④scientist

科学家⑤psychologist

心理学家2.“动词+out”构成介词短语①blockout挡住（光线）②breakout突发；爆发③watchout密切注意；当心；提防④turnout结果是；证明是⑤bringout生产；阐明⑥giveout分发；释放与太空探索相关的语块spaceflight

太空飞行spatialconcept

空间概念manned/unmannedspacecraft

载人

/

无人飞船InternationalSpaceStation

国际空间站spacesuits

太空服man-madesatellite

人造卫星communicationssatellite

通讯卫星weather/meteorologicalsatellite

气象卫星outer/deepspace

外太空orbittheearth

绕地球飞行spaceshuttle

航天飞机ChinaNationalSpaceAdministration

中国国家航天局NASA(NationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration)

美国国家航空航天局intheuniverse

在宇宙中soarintothesky

冲向天空feelthegravity

感受到重力explorethemysteriesoftheuniverse

探索宇宙的奥秘specializeinastronomy

专攻天文学sendaspacecrafttothemoon

向月球发射飞船Wedon'tknowwhentheuniversecameintobeing.

我们不知道宇宙是何时形成的。That'sonesmallstepforman,onegiantleapformankind.

这是我个人的一小步，却是人类的一大步。Thiswasthestartofanewageofspacetravel.

这是太空旅行新时代的开端。Theworldisstillonlyattheverybeginningofitsvoyageintospace.

我们这个世界依然只处于太空旅行的初级阶段。1.harmful

adj.有害的

harmn.伤害,损害

【教材原句】Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpresenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，使地球得以把有害气体和酸性特质溶解在海洋里。【归纳】

beharmfulto对……有害

doharmtosb.

对某人有害

Thereisnoharmindoingsth.做某事没有什么坏处

domoreharmthangood

弊大于利【语境应用】单句语法填空。1)Asweallknow,abadeatinghabitis___________(harm)toone’shealth.2)AsfarI’mconcerned,thereisnoharm__________makinganapologytohimfirst.3)Lightpollutiondoesharm__________theeyesightofanimals.harmful

in

to

一句多译。有些男生对玩电脑游戏简直到了痴迷的程度，这对他们的健康非常有害。4)Someboysaretoocrazyaboutplayinggamesonthecomputer,___________________________________.5)Someboysaretoocrazyaboutplayinggamesonthecomputer,and____________________________________.whichisveryharmfultotheirhealth

itdoesgreatharmtotheirhealth

2.exist

vi.存在;生存

【教材原句】Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.

它们也生蛋，在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。【归纳】

existon靠……为生

existby以……方式为生

existin存在于……之中

Thereexists/existed...某地有……;存在【拓展】

existingadj.

现有的，现存的

existencen.

存在;生存

comeintoexistence产生;成立;开始存在

inexistence存在【语境应用】完成句子。1)Whereverwegotoday,wecanfindrubbishcarelesslydisposed.Pollutionis,infact,threateningour___________(exist)2)Thisnewcountry_________________in1951.这个新国家诞生于1951年。3)There______(exist)agoodwaytosolvetheproblematpresent.4)Theoldmanbecameseriouslyill,hehasonlyexisted______milkeversince.cameintoexistenceexistenceexistson3.puzzle

vt.使迷惑;使为难;使窘困;感到迷惑

n.(游戏的)猜谜;难题;谜

【教材原句】Howlifebeganonearthisoneofthebiggestpuzzlesthatscientistsfoundhardtosolve.地球上的生命是如何开始的，科学家发现很难解释这个最大的难题。

【归纳】

puzzleover/aboutsth.苦苦思索;仔细琢磨

puzzlesth.out琢磨出……的答案

bepuzzledby…

被……迷惑【拓展】

puzzledadj.迷惑不解的(常用来修饰人)

puzzlingadj.令人迷惑不解的(常用来修饰事物)

bepuzzledabout

对……迷惑不解【语境应用】完成句子。1)Hewastryingto_____________whyhehadbeenbroughttothehouse.他想弄明白自己为何被带到这所房子。2)_____________________________wasthattheycouldnotfindthecauseofthedisease.使医生最困惑的是他们找不到致病的原因。3)Furthermore,whenyoumeetwithsome________(puzzle)questions,don’thesitatetoturntome.(2017全国卷I)puzzleout

Whatpuzzledthedoctorsmostpuzzling4)I’m_____________astowhattodonext.对于下一步该做什么我不知道。5)Wherethemissingplanehasgonestillremains_____________us.失联飞机去了哪儿对我们来说仍是个谜。单句语法填空。6)The___________lookonherfacesuggestedshewas____________overthe____________mathsproblem.(puzzle)inapuzzle

apuzzleto

puzzled

puzzling

puzzling

4.pull

n.&vt.

拉(力);拖;牵引力

【教材原句】Astherocketroseintotheair,wewerepushedbackintoourseatsbecauseweweretryingtoescapethepulloftheearth’sgravity.

随着火箭的升空，由于我们在努力挣脱地球的引力，我们被向后推在座位上。【归纳】含pull短语

pullapart拆卸;拆散

pullaway(车辆等)开走

pulldown拆毁;摧毁(建筑物)

pullin(车辆)进站;停靠

pullout拔出；驶出;退出

pullthrough康复,痊愈

pullup停车

pullover(机动车辆等)停靠(在路边)【助学巧记】【语境应用】完成句子。1)Larry______________,setthebrakeandgotholdofthefireextinguisher(灭火器)．拉里停下车，将车设为制动状态并抓起灭火器开始灭火。2)Inowregularly_____________myphonetocheckafact,watchavideo,readweibo.现在我会定期拿出手机核查事实，看录像及读微博。pulledover

pulledout

3)Thepolicecarsignaledtousto__________.警车发出信号，要我们驶向路边停靠。4)Theyare_______________thosehousestomakeroomforanewhotel.为了给新旅馆腾地，他们正在拆除那些房屋。5)Everyonewasveryconcernedwhetherhewould_______________ornot.每个人都很关心他是否能痊愈。pullin

pullingdown

pullthrough

1.intime

及时;终于;总有一天

【教材原句】Theywereintimetoproducecarbondioxide,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.它们最终产生了二氧化碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。【拓展】含time短语

innotime立刻;马上

aheadoftime提前

atatime每次;逐一

atonetime

曾经；一度attimes有时;间或

allthetime一直,始终

fromtimetotime有时;偶尔

innotime

立刻；马上

atnotime

绝不

timeandtimeagain

一次又一次；一再

takeone’stime

别着急；慢慢来

killtime

消磨时间【语境应用】用含time的短语的正确形式填空。I’mjustsogladthatIwasthere_______tohelpmyson.(2018全国卷Ⅱ)2)Ifthetrainis________,itshouldarriveatthreeo’clockexactly.3)Wegottothehospitaljust________toseethenewbornbaby.4)Withfivehungrychildrenseatedroundthetable,thefooddisappeared_________.intimeontimeintimeinnotime2.inone’sturn

轮到某人;接着

【教材原句】Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.

于是，他们接着成为了这个行星上最重要的动物。

【拓展】

inturn轮流;依次;逐个taketurnstodosth.

轮流做某事

It’sone’sturntodosth.轮到某人做某事

Itturns/turnedoutthat…

结果……【语境应用】完成句子。1)Alltheoriesarefrompracticeand__________servepractice.所有的理论都来源于实践，并转而为实践服务。2)When_________________,Iamtooexcitedtospeak.当轮到我时，我激动地说不出话来。3)Ithink_______________todrivethekidstoschoolthisweek.我想这周该轮到我开车送孩子们上学了。inturn

it’sinmyturn

it’smyturn

4)Theyoungparentshadto_____________tolookaftertheirsickbaby.这对年轻的父母不得不轮流照看他们生病的样子。5)___________________thisyoungmanwasnoneotherthantheoldman’sson.结果这位年轻人竟然正是这个老人的儿子。taketurns

Itturnedoutthat

3.cheerup

感到高兴;感到振奋

【教材原句】Icheeredupimmediatelyandfloatedweightlesslyaroundinourspaceshipcabinwatchingtheearthbecomesmallerandthemoonlarger.

我立刻感到很高兴，由于失重我在太空舱里飘来飘去，我望着(身后的)地球越来越小，而(前方的)月球越来越大。【拓展】

cheersb.on(赛跑/比赛等中)以喝彩声鼓励,为(某人)加油

cheerfor...为……欢呼

Cheers!(用于祝酒)干杯!

cheering

adj.

鼓舞人心的【语境应用】完成句子。1)WhenI’mfeelingsad,mymothertellsmefunnystoriesto_________me______.当我感到忧伤时，我的母亲就给我讲有趣的故事哄我高兴。2)Cathydidn’texpectanyawardbutwasstillthereto___________herfriendsandpraisetheiraccomplishments.凯西没有期待任何奖项，但仍然在那里为朋友的成就鼓劲加油。cheerup

cheeron

4.breakout(战争/火灾/疾病等)突发;爆发

【教材原句】Wewatched,amazedasfirebrokeoutontheoutsideofthespaceshipastheearth’sgravityincreased.

我们惊奇的看着随着地球引力的增加，宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。【拓展】含break短语

breakawayfrom突然挣脱;逃脱

breakdown出故障;垮掉

breakin强行进入;打断

breakintosth.

突然开始

breakoff断开;中断

breakthrough

取得突破

breakup

结束，解散，分手【语境应用】用含break的短语填空。1)Wearesorrytoarrivelate,butthecar______________.2)Herfriendscametohelpherwhenthewar___________.(2017浙江)3)Wehadto____________thehouseaswehadlostthekey.4)He___________thechocolateandgaveeachchildasmallpiece.breakdownbrokeoutbreakintobrokeup5)Theywerearguingbut______________whensomeonecameintotheroom.6)Doeseveryoneknowwhattodoifafire_____________?brokeoffbreaksout1.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.

【点拨】it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是不定式短语todevelop。it作形式宾语时常用在find/make/think/consider+it+adj./n.+todo结构中。it作形式宾语,除指代不定式结构外,还可指代that引导的宾语从句。如：Theymadeitcleartothepublicthattheydidanimportantandnecessaryjob.1)这么坏的天气,我们发现爬到山顶是不可能的。Wefinditimpossibletoclimbtothetopofthehillinsuchbadweather.2)他认为学好英语口语对他来说是重要的。HeconsidereditimportantforhimtolearnspokenEnglishwell.【语境应用】仿写2.“Ohdear,”Icried,“walkingdoesneedabitofpracticenowthatgravityhaschanged.” “天哪，”我大声说，“重力改变了，看来走路也的确需要练一练了。”nowthat引导原因状语从句,“既然,由于”,相当于since,而且that可省略。能引导原因状语从句的连词还有as，for，since，because这些连词包括nowthat在内后常接从句。而becauseof，dueto，owingto都是介词短语，后面只能接名词或代词。【语境应用】完成下面句子。1)既然你的工作已经做完了，最好休息一下吧。___________________________________,you’dbetterhavearest.2)饭准备好了，洗手去吧。________________________,washyourhands.Now(that)youhavefinishedyourworkNow(that)dinnerisready

本句中的twiceas...as...表示“是……的几倍”，该句型中的twice也可用half,one­third等词，表示“是……的一半/几分之几”。3.ButwhenItriedtostepforward,IfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover．而当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。【拓展】有关倍数的表达方式还有：①倍数+as+adj./adv.原级+as...②倍数+形容词/副词的比较级+than...③倍数+the+名词+of...在这个结构中，常用的名词有size,height,weight,length,width等。【语境应用】完成句子。1)Thenewstadiumbuiltforthe2022Beijing&ZhangjiakouWinterOlympicswillbe_____________________thepresentone.为2022年北京&张家口冬季奥运会建设的新体育场将是现在的三倍大。2)Paperproducedeveryyearis_________________________theworld’sproductionofvehicles.每年生产的纸张是全世界汽车生产重量的三倍。threetimesasbigas

threetimestheweightof

一句多译。正在修建的教学楼是那个教学楼的三倍高。Theteachingbuildingbeingbuiltnow________________________thatone.Theteachingbuildingbeingbuiltnow__________________________thatone.Theteachingbuildingbeingbuiltnow___________________________thatone.isthreetimesashighas

isthreetimeshigherthan

isthreetimestheheightof

复合句中充当句子主语的从句叫主语从句。【要点精讲】引导主语从句的词有连词that,whether；连接代词who,what,which；连接副词when,where,how,why等。如：Whetheryoucandoitbyyourselfmainlydependsonyourability,notyourage.WhatIneedmostnowismoretimeandmorepatience.Whenyoucanfinishtheworkisofgreatimportance.主语从句that引导主语从句时，在句中无实际意义，只起连接作用，不作句子成分。当它引导的主语从句置于句首时，that不能省略；如果用it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，从属连词that可以省略。如：Thattheteacherwillcomeiscertain.Itisapity(that)youmadesuchacarelessmistake.常见由it作形式主语的句型如下：①It+be+n.+从句。常见名词有：fact,rule,pleasure,truth,pity等。如：

ItisafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.

It’sarulethatnewmembersmustsingasong.②It+be+adj.+从句。常见形容词有：true,important,necessary,clear,certain等。如：

It’struethattheearthisround.

Itwasimportantthatyourest.③It+v.+从句。常用动词：seem,appear,happen,follow等。如：

ItseemsthatI’vemadeamistake.

Itappearedtoscientistsonearththatthestarshadmoved.④It+be+v-ed+主语从句。常用过去分词：known,said,proven,asked,suggested等。如：It’swellknownthatThomasEdisoninventedtheelectriclamp.

It’ssaidthathewasaspyduringthewar.如果主语从句置于句首，则不能用if引导，而用whether；但如果用it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，也可以用if引导。如：WhetherTomreallysawSharonwasdoubtful.Itwasdoubtfulwhether/ifTomreallysawSharon.1.(2016·北京卷)24.Yoursupportisimportanttoourwork.________youcandohelps.2.(2016·江苏卷)21.Itisoftenthecase_________anythingispossibleforthosewhohangontohope.Whateverthat3.(2017·北京)Everyyear,

makesthemostbeautifulkitewillwinaprizeintheKiteFestival.whoever用适当的连接词填空。Itisknown1._____homeworkisanimportantpartofschoollifeinmostcountriesaroundtheworld.However,2.________homeworkhasagreateducationalvalueisstilladebateamongteachers.Somethink3.______homeworktakestoomuchtimeawayfromothermoreusefulactivities.Othersseehomeworkasreinforcing(加强)schoollessonssothat4.______studentshavelearnedwillnotbeforgotten.that

thatwhetherwhat5._____isoftenignoredinthisdebateistheroleofparentalinvolvement(参与)and6.________ornotthechild’shomeprovidessupportforeffective(有效的)homework.Itwasnotcleartosomepeople7._____parentalinvolvementcaninfluencetheeffectivenessofhomework.Itistrue8._____parentsinlow-incomefamiliesdon’thavethetimetomakehomeworkmoreimportantthanotherthingsoraren’tabletoaffordacomputeroradditionalbooks.howWhatwhetherthatHowever,9._____onlymiddle-classparentssupporttheirchildren’seducationisquiteobviouslywrong.Notallrichparentsgivethesupporttheyshould,andsomeparentslivinginthepoorestconditionsfindtimeandenergytoinvolvethemselvesintheirchildren’shomework.thatI.

课文语法填空。TheEarthwasjusta

cloudofdustafterthe“BigBang”.Then4.5-3.8billionyearsagoitbecamea(n)solidglobeofexplodingfireandrock,1.________producedthegasesofitsatmosphere.Asitcooleddownwaterappearedonitssurface,making2._______possiblefortinyplantstodevelopandgrowthere,fillingtheoceanswithoxygenandencouragingthe3.__________(develop)ofotherformsoflifebothintheseaandonland.itwhichdevelopment4._________plantsgrewintoforests,hugedinosaursdeveloped.But65millionyearsagotheydisappeared,5._________(allow)mammalstospread.Then2.6millionyearsagosmallclevermammalswithhandsandfeetbegan6._________(appear)andbecamethemostimportantanimalonEarth.TheyarenotlookingafterEarthwell,puttingtoomuchcarbondioxide7.________theatmosphere,Asallowingtoappearintowhichpreventsheatfrom8._________(escape)fromtheearthintospace.9._________lifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhethertheproblemcan10.__________(solve).escapingWhetherbesolvedⅡ.课文短文改错LastmonthIwasluckytohaveachancetomaketripintospacewithmyfriend.Beforeweleft,Iwastoldtheforceofgravitywouldchangethreetimeonourjourney.Thenwewereoff.Astherocketroseintotheair,wefeltthepulloftheearth’sgravity.Gradually,theweightlessenedandthendisappear.timesadisappearedWefloatedweightlessinthecabinandIcheeredon.Whenwereachedatthemoon,Ifoundwalkingneedabitofpracticenowthatgravitychanging.Returningtotheearthwasfrightened.Firebrokeupontheoutsideofthespaceshipastheearth’sgravityincreased.Sinceitwasan

exhaustingtrip,Iknewmuchmoreaboutgravity.changedfrighteningweightlesslyupoutAlthough/ThoughIII.用本单元的词汇和句式完成句子。1.他们的未来取决