an-analysis-on-note-taking-in-interpreting-英语专业毕业论文设计

PAGE12PAGE11毕业论文AnAnalysisonNote-takinginInterpreting系部：外语系专业：商务英语班级：0711商务英语指导老师：AcknowledgementIwouldliketotakethisopportunitytoshowmyheartfeltgratitudetothosewhohaveofferedmeallkindsofhelpinaccomplishingthisgraduationpaper.Firstofall,Iowegreatindebtednesstomysupervisor,MsGuanJie,whohashelpedmethroughoutthedevelopmentandrevisionofthispaper.Shehaspatientlyreadseveraldraftsofmypaper.Inaddition,herinsightfulandconstructivesuggestionshavecontributedagreatdealtomypaper.Withoutherguidanceandencouragement,Icouldnothaveaccomplishedthispaperontime.Besides,myspecialthanksalsogotomyparents.TheyhavehelpedmealotwithmystudyinYangzhouduringthepastyears.Withouttheirconcernandsupport,Icouldneverhavecompletedthepapersmoothly.ContentsTOC\o"1-2"\h\z\uAcknowledgement 1AbstractinEnglish 3AbstractinChinese 4Chapter1IntroductionandOverview 5Chapter2TheConceptandNecessityofNote-takinginInterpreting 6Chapter3ThePrincipleandContentsofNote-takinginInterpreting 7Chapter4TheSymbolsofNote-takinginInterpreting 84.1Letters 84.2Drawings 84.3MathematicalSigns 84.4Abbreviations 94.5Self-createdSigns 9Chapter5TheTrainingofNote-takinginInterpreting 105.1QuickSearchStageofKeyInformation 105.2ProficientMemoryStageofNoteSymbols 105.3ConsolidationandImprovementStageofNotes 10Chapter6Conclusion 11Reference 12AbstractInterpretingisahighlyimmediatetranslationpractice．Tobeaqualifiedinterpreter，youneedtohaveagoodbilingualability，richknowledgeaswellassomerelevantskills.Thesceneofinterpretationisverycomplicated,sointerpretersoftencannotsuccessfullycompletethetaskofinterpretationonlybymemoryof.Theyhavetorelyonthehelpoftakingsomenotes.Therefore,note-takingisofessentialimportanceininterpretinganditisveryimportantininterpretingpractice.Thispapersummarizesfivekindsofnote-takingsymbolscommonlyusedandillustrateseachonebyone.Besides,thispaperputsforwardpracticaltrainingmethodsofnote-taking.KeyWords:InterpretingNote-takingSymbol摘要口译作为一种即时性很强的特殊翻译活动，除了要求译者在宏观上具有较强的双语能力、丰富的文化背景知识外，还要求译者具备相应的技能。口译的现场性非常强，译员单凭自身大脑的记忆往往不能顺利地完成口译任务，必须借助笔记的帮助。笔记作为口译的一个重要方面，在口译实践中发挥着举足轻重的作用。本文也归纳了5类常用的笔记符号，并逐一进行了例证，同时，提出了切实可行的笔记训练方式。关键词：口译笔记符号Chapter1IntroductionandOverviewInterpretationisakindoflinguisticsymbolthroughlisteningtoandanalyzingtheinformationexpressedinthesourcelanguage,whichcan

betranslatedintothetargetlanguagetoachievetheverbalcommunicationactivities.Although,itisalsoabranchoftranslation,interpretationisverydifferentfromthewrittentranslation.Itisextemporaneousandalsoisonthesite.Itisnotonlyasenseofverbalbehavior,butalsoakindofcommunicativebehaviorrelatingtomanylevelsofknowledgewithextemporaneousness,comprehensionandsoon.Asahighlyspecializedprofession,interpretationisanoperationalactivityofcomprehensivelanguageintegratingtheabilitiesoflistening,speaking,readingandwriting.Itisakindofthree-dimensionalandalternateactivityofinformationdissemination.Chapter2TheConceptandNecessityofNote-takinginInterpretingNote-takingininterpretingisamethodofnotes.Interpreterswillusesimplesymbols,charactersandsoontoquicklynotethekeycontentsofthespeechandotherinformationwithinashortperiodoftime.ItappliestobothChineseandEnglish.Unliketheshorthand,itonlyrequirestonotethekeypointsoftheinformationandlogicalstructuresoflanguage.Itreflectsthelogicalrelationbetweensentencesbysymbols,characters,slashes,aswellashyphensandsoon.Thenote,thecarrierofmemory,hasthenatureofpersonalityandtemporarypreservation,butitisnotthetextofinformation.Theroleofthenoteisthatithelpsinterpreterstoconcentrateontheirnote-takingandgivecueswhentheydotheinterpreting.Thesuccessofinterpretationdependslargelyontheabilityofinterpreterstorecordtheperceptiveinformation.Recordsaredividedinto"memory"and"notes".Memoryconsistsofshort-termmemoryandlong-termmemory.Herethememorymentionedininterpretationismainlyshort-termmemory,butinfact,aperson'sshort-termmemoryislimited.AccordingtoatestbyChina'spsychologists,apersoncanrememberamaximumofsixorsevenwordsofnon-coherentmeaningorasetof10-digitnumbersatatime,or,atmost,itcancatchasentencecomposedofabout20wordsofcoherentmeaning.Therefore,peoplecannotdealwithinterpretationwithlargeamountofinformation.Interpretersmayrelyonthenoteswhentheyencounterthefollowingsituationsorspeech:meetings,negotiations,lectures,courthearingsandpressconferences.Theyhighlydemandforperfectionandaccuracyinconsecutiveinterpretationandotheroccasions:largeamountsofparallelcontentsinthespeech,orastringofpersonalnames,placenames,numbers,yearsandtermsandsoforth.Chapter3ThePrincipleandContentsofNote-takinginInterpretingBothmemoryandnote-takingarenecessarytointerpreters.Interpretersshouldfocusongraspingmainpoints.Whentheylisten,theymainlyrelyonmemoryandtakesomenotesforsupplementation."Note-takingininterpretingisquitedifferentfromthedetailednotesinclassesorthewordforwordinshorthand.Itvariesfrompersontoperson,butitshouldbelegible.Itisbettertousesomecommonsymbols."Whentheytakenotes,theprinciplesareasfollows:thefunctionofnotesistohelprecallandreducetheburdenofmemory,andtoanalyzetheresults.Conceptualinformationshouldbenotedindrawings.However,thelogicalinformationshowsitscontextwithparagraphs,linesandsymbols.Inaddition,thenotesymbolsshouldbeclearandsimplesothattheycanbeconnectedtothewords.Note-takingisanassistingtoolforinterpretation.Itisnotthemainbodyofinterpretation.Therefore,interpretersshouldpayattentiontothespeakers’facialexpressions,gestures,andotherinformationwhentheytakenotes.Theprocessofinterpretationisanimpromptudeliveryoftheoverallmeaningofthetext.Thus,thefunctionofnotesistopointoutthedifficulties,anditcansupportshort-termmemoryandavoidoblivionandloss.Inaddition,italsohasthefunctionoflogicalanalysisandpreservation,sothatinterpreterscanorganizeparagraphsofthetextclearlyandsavesometime.Ifthenotesaretakenwell,interpreterscanusethemfreelyandgiveagoodplayonthesite.Thenthenotestheymadecanevenmakeupforthedeficienciesinotherskillstosomeextent.Note-takingininterpretingactsasthesupportformemoryanditisnotadvisabletotakenoteswordforword.Generallyspeaking,thetimeforinterpretationisveryshortduringthelisteningprocess.Interpretersshouldfocusonkeypoints,suchasattitudes,viewpoints,plan,time,placesandspecializedtermsandsoon.Thekeywordswillgivehintstotheinterpretersaboutthemeaningexpressedbythespeakers,andthen,theycanmasterthecausesandconsequencesofthecontentsandthelogicalrelationsofthecontext.Chapter4TheSymbolsofNote-takinginInterpretingInordertoquicklynotethekeycontentsinthelimitedtime,interpreterscanusesomesymbolstosupporttheirmemory.Thefollowingsymbolsareforyourreference:4.1LettersTherearemanyadvantagestotakelettersassymbols,becausetherearemanylettersinEnglish.Theyaredifferentinwriting,sotheycanrepresentdifferentmeanings.LikeLatinletters,theyhavedifferentwritingsandtheycanbeusedtoimplydifferentmeanings.Allthe26Englishletterscanbeusedasthesymbolsofnotes."B"canbeexpressedasthemeaningof"but",etc."C"canstandfor"century"andotherwords,etc."P"canrepresent"politics,politicalpartiesandpoliticalpower",etc."V"canmean"victoryandsuccess",etc."Z"canbereferredtothe"thetortuousroad",etc.4.2DrawingsWhentakingnotes,somepictorialsymbolscanmakenotes.Theylooksoclearthattheycanbeeasilyremembered.Forexample:"○"canberepresentedas"entiretyandcompleteness",etc."↑"canbesaidas"increase,improveandadd",etc."☆"canmean"highlights,mainpoints,thinkhighlyof",etc."△"canbereferredto"peak,vertexandleadership",etc."*"canbeexpressedas"feature,characteristicsandrepresent",etc.4.3MathematicalSignsMathematicalsymbols,suchas"+"、"一"、"X"、"÷"and"="andsoon,aresimpleandaccurate.Theyareidealsignsfornote-taking.Forexample:"+"canbeexpressedas"and,add,togetherwith”,etc."X"canrepresentthenegativemeaning,suchas"error,no,not,oppose"andsoon.">"canbesaidas"greaterthan,morethan,superiorto",etc."√"canbereferredtopositivemeaning,suchas"correct,consent,good",etc."∵"canmean"because,dueto,thanks",etc.4.4AbbreviationsAlargenumberofcommonlyusedEnglishwordsinnotescanbeusedintheformoftheirabbreviations.Forexample:"TX"refersto"tax","taxation"."Ed"refersto"education"."Co"refersto"company"."Al"refersto"although"."Tr"refersto"trade".4.5Self-createdSignsInpractice,interpreterscancreatethesymbolswhichsuittheirpersonaluseaccordingtotheirpronunciationandshapefeatures.Forexample:"?"standsfor"trials,doubts"."3R"standsfor"threerepresentatives"."SZ"standsfor"specialzone"."!"standsfor"caution,payattention".Chapter5TheTrainingofNote-takinginInterpretingThetrainingofnote-takingskillsshouldbeseparatedfromthetrainingofotherskills,thatistosay,whenyoutakethetrainingofnotes,youshouldjustconcentrateonpracticingthetechniquesofnotesratherthanbeingdistractedbyinterpretation.Atthesametime,thetrainingofinterpretingsymbolsshouldbedividedfromthememorytrainingandlisteningtraining.Inpractice,thetrainingcantakethefollowingsteps:5.1QuickSearchStageofKeyInformationSomedataindicatethattheaveragerateisabout150wordsperminute.Ifapersoncontinuestospeakfortwominutes,interpreterswillreceivetheinformationofnearly300words,anditisobviousthatit’simpossibletonotealltheinformationpointsclearly.Therefore,itisessentialtoquicklyfindoutthekeyinformationbeforepracticingtheinterpretingnotes.Atthebeginningoftraining,youcanlistentothematerialsentencebysentencetofindthekeypoints,andthen,accordingtothem,youcantrytorepeatthewholesentence.Secondly,youcangooninparagraphsandyoushouldrecordthekeymessagesofeachsectionandrepeatthemparagraphbyparagraph.Finally,youcanlistentothewholepassage.Youshouldlistthekeypointsofthewholepassageandrepeatthem.5.2ProficientMemoryStageofNoteSymbolsAfterthedramaticimprovementofthespeedinsearchingthekeyinformation,whatyoushoulddonextistousethesimplesymbolstoexpresstheinformation.Duringtheproficientmemorystageofnotesymbols,youshouldbespecifictoasetofrepresentativematerialstodotherepeatedpracticeandmasterthemajorityofthepracticalnotesymbols.Youshouldusealotoflettersymbols,pictorialsymbols,mathematicalsymbolsandself-createdsymbolsinsteadofthekeypoints.5.3ConsolidationandImprovementStageofNotesAftergettingfamiliarwiththecommonlyusednotesymbols,youcantakeagreatdealofexercisestoconsolidatethenotesystem,andtryavarietyofsubjectsaswellasthenotepracticeatahigherdifficultlevel.Youcangaintheskillstodealwithdifferentspecialcircumstances.Chapter6ConclusionNote-takingininterpretingactsasthemeansforsupplementarymemory.Itshouldfocusonkeyinformation.Note-takingininterpretingvariesfrompersontoperson.However,therearestillsomerulestofollow,andithasstrongindividuality.Throughalongperiodofrepeatedpracticewithfullygraspingproficientandbasicskills,eachinterpretercanfindthemostsuitableanddiversifiedwaywithindividualcharacteristicsofnote-taking.Note-takingplaysavitalroleininterpreting.Interpretersshouldconstantlyimprovethebilingualabilityinpracticeandexpandtheirownknowledgestructures.Meanwhile,theyshouldcontinuouslystrengthenthetrainingoftheirowninterpretingskills.Thenotesofinterpretersshouldmainlyfocusontheirownpracticeandconstantreview.Thentheycandevelopasetofnote-takingsystemssuitedtothemsoastoservetheworkofinterpretingbetter.Reference[1]HeGangqing:ArtandCraftofTranslation(FudanUniversityPress,September,2003)[2]HouGuojin:QueenofInterpreters(DalianUniversityofTechnologyPress,July,2003)[3]WuZhongming:EnglishInterpretation(WuhanUniversityPress,August,2008)[4]ZhongWeihe:ACoursebookofInterpretingBetweenEnglishandChinese(HigherEducationPress,June,2006)[5]MeiDeming:AnIntermediateCourseofInterpretation(ShanghaiForeignLanguageEducationPress,August,2008)[6]JiLisi:Note-takingforConsecutiveInterpreting:AShotCourse(ShanghaiForeignLanguageEducationPress,October,2009)基于C8051F单片机直流电动机反馈控制系统的设计与研究基于单片机的嵌入式Web服务器的研究MOTOROLA单片机MC68HC（8）05PV8/A内嵌EEPROM的工艺和制程方法及对良率的影响研究基于模糊控制的电阻钎焊单片机温度控制系统的研制基于MCS-51系列单片机的通用控制模块的研究基于单片机实现的供暖系统最佳启停自校正（STR）调节器单片机控制的二级倒立摆系统的研究基于增强型51系列单片机的TCP/IP协议栈的实现基于单片机的蓄电池自动监测系统基于32位嵌入式单片机系统的图像采集与处理技术的研究基于单片机的作物营养诊断专家系统的研究基于单片机的交流伺服电机运动控制系统研究与开发基于单片机的泵管内壁硬度测试仪的研制基于单片机的自动找平控制系统研究基于C8051F040单片机的嵌入式系统开发基于单片机的液压动力系统状态监测仪开发模糊Smith智能控制方法的研究及其单片机实现一种基于单片机的轴快流CO〈,2〉激光器的手持控制面板的研制基于双单片机冲床数控系统的研究基于CYGNAL单片机的在线间歇式浊度仪的研制基于单片机的喷油泵试验台控制器的研制基于单片机的软起动器的研究和设计基于单片机控制的高速快走丝电火花线切割机床短循环走丝方式研究基于单片机的机电产品控制系统开发基于PIC单片机的智能手机充电器基于单片机的实时内核设计及其应用研究基于单片机的远程抄表系统的设计与研究基于单片机的烟气二氧化硫浓度检测仪的研制基于微型光谱仪的单片机系统单片机系统软件构件开发的技术研究基于单片机的液体点滴速度自动检测仪的研制基于单片机系统的多功能温度测量仪的研制基于PIC单片机的电能采集终端的设计和应用基于单片机的光纤光栅解调仪的研制气压式线性摩擦焊机单片机控制系统的研制基于单片机的数字磁通门传感器基于单片机的旋转变压器-数字转换器的研究基于单片机的光纤Bragg光栅解调系统的研究单片机控制的便携式多功能乳腺治疗仪的研制基于C8051F020单片机的多生理信号检测仪基于单片机的电机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