高考状元英语笔记

PAGE高考状元英语笔记记叙文高级词汇onone’swayto在某人去某地的途中doagooddeed做一件好事bethankfultosb.forsth.因某事而感谢某人throwoffone’sclothes匆忙脱掉衣服betoofrightenedtomove吓呆了struggle挣扎payavisitto参观beabouttodosth.,when…正准备…突然…eg.Iwasabouttogohome,whenIheardsomeonecryingforhelp.learnalessonfrom从…中吸取教训teachsb.alesson给某人以教训keepthelessoninmind把教训牢记在心中makeupone’smind下定决心causealossof造成…损失eg.Thisterriblefirecausedalossofonemillionwiththesunsettingdown随着夕阳西下eg.Withthesunsettingdown,wewenthomehappily.saygoodbyeto向…告别forgerthepassingofthetime忘了时间的推移eg.Weworkedsoattentivelythatweforgotthepassingofthetime.belostin沉溺于eg.Hewaslostinhisworksothathedidn’tnoticeacarcoming.justatthattime就在那时beforelong不久eg.Beforelong,thefirewasputout.returntonormal恢复正常eg.Sooneverythingreturnedtonormal.*Ourschoollieswherethereusedtobeachurch.我们学校位于过去是一座教堂的地方。议论文高级词汇dogoodto给…带来好处doharmto给…带来危害holdaview持有一个观点eg.Manypeopleholdaviewthatitisnousepromisingwithoutdoing.awasteof一种浪费eg.Playingcomputergamestoolongisawasteoftime.haveaneffecton对…产生影响advantagesanddisadvantages优势和劣势becrazyabout对…狂热belostin沉溺于eg.Don’tbelostinreadingnovelsanylonger.toone’ssurprise令人惊讶的是resultin导致eg.Carelessnesscanresultinatrafficaccident.*Iconsiderhimagreathero.我把他看成一个大英雄。说明文高级词汇behigh/richin含有丰富的…eg.Asweallknow,applesarehigh/richinsugar.haveanadvantageover比…有优势eg.Takingatrainhasanadvantageovertakingaplane.besimilarto与…相似bepopularwith受…欢迎eg.Thefoodisespeciallypopularwithchildren.contain包含，容纳differfrom与…不同eg.Orangesdifferfromanyotherfruit.tasty,delicious美味的，可口的bemadefrom/of由…制成，成品中看不出/看得出原材料convenient方便的attractive有吸引力的fascinating令人着迷的recommend推荐eg.Now,IwouldliketorecommendaverygoodEnglish-Chinesedictionarytoyou.ofgreatvalue很有价值beworthdoingsth.值得做某事eg.Theseproductsarewellworthbuying.ofhighquality质量高notonly...butalso…不但…而且…dogoodto给…带来好处eg.Ofteneatingthiskindoffooddoesgoodtoourhealth.begoodfor对…有好处eg.Takingthiskindofmedicineisgoodforimprovingourmemory.*Whohaswontheelectionwillsoonbeannounced.即将宣布谁赢得了这次大选。*Idon’tthinkitsurprisingthathehasrefusedherinvitation.我对他拒绝了她的邀请并不感到奇怪。*Thenewsthatthereisgoingtobeawonderfulconcertthiseveninghasspread.今天晚上将有一场精彩的音乐会的消息传开了。人物介绍文高级词汇bereadytodosth.乐意做某事eg.Iknowthatsheisalwaysreadytohelpothers.fasionable时尚的humorous幽默的gentle文雅的suchis这就是（用于对人物介绍作总结）eg.SuchisourEnglishteacher,akindandhardworkingman.beelectedamodel…被选为模范eg.Hismotherisoftenelectedamodelworker.bedeeplyrespectedandloved深受人们尊敬和爱戴wingreathonorfor…为…赢得巨大荣誉break/keeptherecordof…打破/保持…纪录setanewrecord创造新纪录*Asyoucanimagine,itisverydifficulttolearnmath.Istayedatherhomeforaweek,duringwhichtimeIdiscussedmanyproblemwithher.ThisisthegirlwithoutwhomIcouldn’thavewonthebigprize.ThisistheboywithwhosesisterIhavealreadyworkedfortenyears.我和他的姐姐已经一起工作了10年。地点介绍类高级词汇lieinthecenterof位于…的中心suchas诸如lieintheeast/west/south/northof…位于…的东/西/南/北部lie(to)/ontheeast/west/south/northof…位于…的东/西/南/北边[两地(不)接壤]coveronareaof覆盖…的面积eg.Ourcitycoversanareaof10000squarekilometers.haveapopulationof有…人口behigh/richin含有丰富的…eg.Thissmallcountryishigh/richinnaturalresources.a…withgreenhillsandbeautifulriverseg.Thisisavillagewithgreenhillsandbeautifulrivers.befamous/well-knownfor因…出名eg.Asweallknow,HangzhouisfamousfortheWestLake.*Solongasyougetthereintime,youcanseehim.只要你及时赶到那里，你就能看到他。IputabookmarkwhereIhadaquestion.我在有问题的地方放了一张书签。Ourschoollieswherethereusedtobeachurch.过去在我们学校所在的地方有一座教堂。英文交友信高级词汇makefriendswith与…交朋友beableto能够bethirstyfor渴望eg.I’mthirstyforachancetochatwithyoufacetoface.haveachancetodosth.有机会做某事helpeachother互相帮助understandeachother互相理解getrelaxed放松lookforwardto希望eg.I’mlookingforwardtovisitingyourcountryassoonaspossible.forever永远value珍惜eg.Totellyouthetruth,Ivalueourfriendtreasureone’sfriendship珍惜…的友谊eg.I’lltreasureourfriendshipandconsideritasmyproperty.closefriends亲密的朋友hearfrom收到…的来信workout锻炼exercise锻炼eg.Wecanoftenworkoutinthestadium.*Withthesunsettingdown,wewenthome.夕阳西下时我们回家了。Hercominglatetoschoolannoyedherteacher.她上课迟到让老师感到很恼火。求职信高级词汇applyfor申请holdanimportantpositionin…在…占据重要位置eg.Tomusedtoholdanimportantpositioninthiscompany.beadmittedinto…被…录取e-mailsb.at…按…地址给某人发电子邮件eg.Pleasee-mailmeatRedstarhotel@inaddition此外experienced有经验的promising有希望的sincemygraduation/graduatingfrom自从我从…毕业以来beaccepted被接受reach/realize/accomplishone’sdream/aim/goal实现理想/目标求助信高级词汇challenge挑战facing面临（常置于句首作状语）eg.Facingsomuchpressure,shedidn’tknowwhattodo.facedwith面临（常置于句首作状语）eg.Facedwithsomuchpressure,shecouldhardlystandit.begsb.todosth.恳求某人做某事begsb.ofsth.恳求某人提供某物eg.CanIbegyouofyourhelp?begsb.forsth.向某人恳求某物average一般的followone’sadvice采纳某人的建议eg.I’llfollowyouradviceandtrytodomyworkwell.makeprogress取得进步eg.I’msurewithyourhelpI’llmakegreaterprogressinmyEnglishstudy.havedifficultyindoingsth.做某事有困难eg.IhavemuchdifficultyinmyEnglishstudy.havetroubleindoingsth.做某事很费力taketroubletodosth.费力地做某事eg.Iusuallytaketroubletounderstandthetext.helpsb.outofdifficulty帮助某人摆脱困境wouldlikesb.todosth.请某人做某事调查报告高级词汇makeup占eg.Thesmokersmakeuphalfofthetotalnumberoftheparedwith和…相比eg.Comparedwithboys,girlsareeasiertobecomefat.increase上升decrease下降eg.Thenumberofthestudentswhooftenplaycomputergamesisincreasing.goup上升dropdown下降eg.Recentlythetemperatureherehasbeengoingup.aquarterof四分之一threequartersof四分之三eg.Aquarterofthevillagershavegrownrichonsellingvegetables.…timesas…as…是…的…倍eg.Thisyeartheyhaveproducedthreetimesasmanycarsastheydidlastyear.…timeshigher/longerthan…比…高/长…倍eg.Thisbridgeisthreetimeslongerthanthatone.takeplace发生eg.Inrecentyearsgreatchangeshavetakenplaceinthevillage.takeonanewlook呈现新面貌eg.Now,thetowntakesanewlook.asmany/high/longas+数词多/高/长达…eg.Asmanyastenstudentsarelatetoday.moreorless大约eg.Therearesixtystudentsmoreorlessinthisclass.withthedevelopmentof随着…的发展eg.Withthedevelopmentofindustryandagriculture,thistownwillbecomemoreandmorebeautiful.倒装句never,seldom,hardly,notuntil,only+状语，notonly+分句，nosooner,so/such+主句，neither,nor等置于句首时应使用部分倒装，即把系动词be，助动词，情态动词提至主语前，或在主语前加相应的助动词。eg.NeverhaveIbeentoBeijingbefore.Notonlydoeshestudyhardbutalsoheiskind.here,there,in,out,up,down,away等介词，副词及有些表示地点的成分置于句首时应使用全部倒装，即把动词直接提至主语前。eg.Hearingthestrangenoise,outrushedtheboy.Totheeastofthehilllietwocities.as引导让步状语从句时将表语，副词等提到as前。eg.Coldasitwas,theywentonwiththeirwork.倍数表达法A…timesas…asBA是B的…倍…eg.Themountainisfivetimesashighasthatone.A…times+比较级+thanBA比B…倍…eg.Thebridgeisthreetimeslongerthanthatone.A…times+the+名词+ofBA的…是B的…倍eg.Theearthisabout49timesthesizeofthemoon.省略句若时间状语从句，条件状语从句和方式状语从句中的主语和主句的主语一致，或从句的主语为it，常省略从句的主语和部分谓语。eg.Ifnecessary,I’lldoeverythingforyou.Whilewaitingforabus,Ihadalongtalkwithhim.过渡性词汇的使用表因果关系asaresult（结果）,thanksto（多亏了）eg.Itsnowedheavilyandasaresultourplanhadtochange.Thankstothefiremen’stimelyarrival,thebigfirewasputoutveryquickly.表递进关系what’smore（更何况，表肯定）,besides（更何况，表肯定）,what’sworse（更糟糕的是，表否定）eg.I’msureyoucanwinthebigprize,becauseyourperformanceisalwaysverygood;what’smore,youaresofamous.Thegirlwasverysad,becauseshelostherwallet;what’sworse,shehasjustbeencriticizedbyherteacher.表著名观点asweallknow（众所周知）,asisknowntoall（众所周知）表各人观点asfarasIknow（就我所知的而言）,asfarasIamconcerned（就我所知的而言）,inmyopinion（依我看）,intheopinionofme（依我之见）,intheeyesofme（在我看来）表并列观点atthesametime（与此同时）,(inthe)meanwhile（与此同时）表客观规律generallyspeaking（一般来说）,ingeneral（一般来说）,allinall（总的来说）表总结inaword（总之）,altogether（总之）eg.Sheiskind;sheisdiligent;sheisclever.Altogether,sheisagoodgirl.表情绪toone’sjoy（令某人高兴的是）,toone’ssurprise（令某人惊讶的是）,toone’sdisappointment（令某人失望的是）,toone’spride（令某人自豪的是）,toone’ssatisfaction（令某人满意的是）,toone’shorror（令某人惊恐的是）表转折关系however（然而，无论如何）,nevertheless（然而，不过）eg.Therewasnonews;nevertheless,shewentonhoping.表顺序first（第一，首先）,second（第二）,then（然后）,atlast（最后）,intheend（最后）eg.AtfirstIthoughtitdifficulttolearnEnglish,butintheendIchangedmymind.常用的过渡性词语（组）时间：first,second,then,afterthat,next,afterward,finally,intheend,atlast,meanwhile,lateron,soon空间：near,nextto,farfrom,infrontof,ontheleft,ontheright,对比：like,unlike,while,ontheotherhand,onthecontrary,insteadof,Instead转折：but,however,yet,nevertheless,otherwise,unfortunately/fortunately,suddenly,allofasudden,inspiteofthis,actually,infact,asamatteroffact因果：Foronething,Foranotherthing,because,becauseof,thanksto,dueto,onaccountof,nowthat,therefore,so,that,withthehelpof递进：besides,What’smore,moreover,furthermore,inaddition,notonly…butalso,aboveall,What’sworse,Worsestill,tomakethingsworse并列：and,aswellas,also,neither…nor条件：if,aslongas,onconditionthat,incase（以防）eg.Childrendon’tcareaboutmessordustaslongastheyfeeltheyareloved.孩子们只要觉得自己受到疼爱，就不在乎脏乱或灰尘。比较：than,as…as,themore…themore…,comparedwith目的：so…that,inorderthat,soasto,inorderto结果：sothat,asaresult,therefore,thus,tomysurprise/delight/dismay让步：though,although,evenif/though,inspiteof,despitethat选择：either…or…,…or…,whether…or…结论：inaword,inotherwords,inshort,inbrief,ingeneral,onthewhole,asawhole,tosumup,toconclude观点：inmyopinion,inmyeyes,Ithink,I’msure,asfarasIamconcerned,tomymind,Personally,Franklyspeaking举例：forexample,forinstance,suchas承接：Ononehand,Ontheotherhand,inthisway,bydoingthis段落：Asfaras…isconcerned,Asthesayinggoes,Asmighthavebeenexcepted,Aswas高二下第一节语法和词汇知识（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。21.Bytheyear1889,therewerejust541bisoninthewholeofNorthAmerica.A.leavingalive B.toleavealive C.tobeleftalive D.leftalive22.money,peopleusuallytendtospendmorethantheyhaveto.A.Intheeyesof B.Regardlessof C.Intermsof D.Inplaceof23.Fromthisday,Iwillbemorecarefulwhencrossingthestreet.A.onwards B.backwards C.afterwards D.forwards24.--Ifailedinthedrivingtest.--Don'tbesodisappointed.,you'llhaveonemorechanceoftryingit.A.AtallB.Afterall C.Inall D.Aboveall25.bythebeautyofthecountryside,theoldcoupledecidedtostayanotherweekonthefarm.A.Beingattracted B.AttractedC.Tobeattracted D.Havingattracted26.Instead,itseemsthatcreativethinkingisa(n)ofhabits.A.affairB.business C.matter D.problem27.Isthisabookonfarming?Ifso,Iwanttoborrow.A.thisB.oneC.it D.theone28.Thesquareboxhasadoor,therearesomebuttons.A.besideit B.besidewhich C.besidethat D.besidewhat29.You'dbettercarrya(n)tyreinthebackofyourcarincaseitbreaksdownontheway.A.extraB.freeC.convenientD.spare30.ThelawofVenicesaysifanyonetriestokillormurderanycitizenofVenice,everythingthatheownsbetakenawayfromhim.A.shallB.canC.mustD.may31.MrCooperwantedtobuythehouseandhetoldmethatthehousecost,itwouldbeit.A.however;worthB.whatever;worthC.howmuch;worthyD.what;worthyof32.MaybeitistimefortherestofsocietytothefactImaynotbeabletowalk,therearemanyothergreatthingsIcando.A.adjustto;thatB.getusedto;thatwhileC.adaptto;whileD.goabout;thatwhile33.Goodtechniqueinmedicinemeanslesspainandfewerdeaths;,itisourdutytomasterit.A.thus B.thereforeC.otherwiseD.however34.Atthe2003SpecialOlympicsinIreland,morethan6,500athletesfromover150countries.A.participated B.joinedC.benefitedD.relied35.Ithinkitwasabitboringtoworkherebecausetherewasn'talwaysmuchtodo.A.suchB.thatC.moreD.very第二节完形填空(共20小题，每小题1.5,满分30分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Isitdifficultforyoutogetupinthemorning?Doyousometimesoversleep?Areyouoftenlateforworkorschool?Yes?TheHiroyukiSugiyamaofJapanhasa(n)36bedforyou.Hiroyuki'sbedwill37youupinthemorning!Hereishowit38.Thebed39analarmClock.First,thealarmclockrings.Youhaveafewminutestowakeup.Next,ataperecorderinthebedplays40musicorotherpleasantsounds.ThetaperecorderinHiroyuki'sbedplaysarecordingofhisgirlfriend.Shewhispersinasweet41,"Wakeup,darling,please."Afewminuteslater,asecondrecording42Thesoundrecordingcanbeloudmusicor43sounds.Hiroyukihearsarecordingofhisboss.Hisboss44,"Wakeupimmediately,45you'llbelate!"Ifyoudon'tgetup46thesecondrecording,you47besonly!Amechanical"foot"isinthebed.Themechanicalfootkicksyouinthehead.Thenthebedwaitsafew48minutes.What!You're49inbed!Slowlythe50ofthebedriseshigherandhigher.Thefootofthebedgoeslowerandlower.51,thebedisvertical(垂直的).Youslideoffthebedandontothefloor.Youareoutofbedandbecome52.Hiroyukimadehisbedbecausehewantedto53acontest.HeworksforHondaMotorCompany.EverytwoyearsHondahasacontestforits200,000employees--"AllHondaIdeaContest."Theemployeesthinkofnew54.Iftheirideaswin,theemployeeswin55.HiroyukiSugiyamawononeofthetopprizesforhisbed.36.A.expensive B.special C.valuable D.comfortable37.A.get B.catch C.make D.let38.A.works B.runs C.happens D.moves39.A.isseparatedfrom B.ismadeupof C.isconnectedto D.ismadeinto40.A.loud B.classical C.pop D.soft41.A.sound B.voice C.noise D.way42.A.sends B.turns C.plays D.appears43.A.pleasant B.interesting C.unpleasant D.funny44.A.shouts B.calls C.whispers D.persuades45.A.and B.but C.so D.or46.A.before B.until C.since D.after47.A.can B.will C.may D.would48.A.other B.another C.more D.one49.A.still B.yet C.already D.even50.A.end B.middle C.body D.top51.A.However B.Finally C.Therefore D.otherwise52.A.angry B.asleep C.happy D.awake53.A.achieve B.win C.gain D.defeat54.A.ideas B.problems C.facts D.ways55.A.praises B.positions C.prizes D.medals第三部分阅读理解(共20小题，每小题2分,满分40分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。AWhat'sonTV?6:00③Let'sTalk!Guest:AnimalexpertJimPorter⑤Cartoons⑨News7:00③CookingwithCathyTonight:Chickenwithmushrooms⑤Movie"ALaughaMinute"(1955)JamesRayburn⑧SpinforDollars！⑨FarmReport7:30③DoubleTrouble(comedy)Thetwinsdisruptthehighschooldance.⑨WallStreetToday:StockMarketReport8:00③NBABasketball.Teamstobeannounced⑧Movie"AtDay'sEnd"(1981)MichaelCollier,JuieRomerDramasetinWorldWarⅡ⑨NewsSpecial"SavingOurWaterways:PollutionintheMississippi”56.Ifyouwereahousewife,whichprogramwouldprobablyinterestyoumost?A.Let'sTalk!B.WallStreetToday.C.CookingwithCathy.D.FarmReport.57.Ifyou'dliketowatchagameshow,youcouldturnontheTVtoA.Channel5at6:00B.Channel8at7:00C.Channel3at7:30D.Channel3at8:0058.WhichismostprobablytheNewsChannel?A.3.B.5.C.8.D.9.BIwasbeinginterviewedbyaseniormanagerforabigcompany.ItoldhimhonestlythattheprincipalreasonthatIwasinterviewingwiththemwasmyneedtokeepmyfamilyinBoston.Mywifehadrecentlydiedofaheartattack.AjobinBostonwouldhelpmereducesomepainformy16-year-olddaughterandme.Itwasimportanttometokeepherpresenthighschool.Bruce,theinterviewer,waspolitelykind,buthedidn'tsearchanyfurther.Heacknowledged(承认)mylossand,withgreatrespect,movedontoanothersubject.Afterthenextroundofinterviews,Brucetookmetolunchwithanothermanager.Thenheaskedmetotakeawalkwithhim.Hetoldmethathehadlosthiswife.And,likeme,hehadalsobeenmarried20yearsandhad3children.IrealizedthathehadexperiencedthesamepainasIhadanditwasalmostimpossibletoexplaintosomeonewhohadnotlostalovedone.Heofferedhisbusinesscardandhomephonenumberandsuggestedthat,shouldIneedhelporjustwantsomeonetotalkto,Ishouldfeelfreetogivehimacall.WhetherIgotthejobornot,hewantedmetoknowthathewasthereifIeverneededhelp.Fromthatoneactofkindness,whenhehadnoideaifwecouldeverseeeachotheragain,hehelpedourfamilydealwithoneoflife'sgreatestlosses.Heturnedthenormallycoldbusinessinterviewprocessintoanactofearingandsupportingforanotherpersoninatimeofextremeneed.59.Accordingtothepassage,theinterviewer,Bruce,wasvery.A.generousB.kindC.happyD.mean60.Theunderlinedword"principal"inthefirstparagraphprobablymeans.A.mainB.unimportantC.necessaryD.possible61.Wecaninferfromthispassagethat.A.thewriterdidn'tgetthejobinthecompanyB.BrucemadethewriterpasstheinterviewC.anothermanageralsolosthiswifeD.thebusinessinterviewwascold62.WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrue?A.Thewriter'sdaughterwasstudyinginBostonatthattime.B.Boththewriterandtheinterviewerexperiencedthesamepain.C.Brucewasaseniormanagerofabigfirm.D.BrucewantedtomakeMendswithhimbecausehegavehimhisbusinesscardandhomephonenumber.COnewouldhavetobeafooltooverlooktheimportanceofusingpositivethinkingforyouratherthansnowingnegativethinkingtoworkagainstyou.Inrecentyears,researchinpsychopharmacology(精神药理学)hasprovedwhatmanypeoplehaveknownoverthecenturies:apositiveattitudeisgoodforyou,goodforyourhealth,goodforyourwealth,goodforeverything.Researchershavefoundthatapositiveattitudeproducesaspecificchemicalreactionwhichmakespeoplefeelbetter,whilenegativethinkingresultsinareductionofhormone(荷尔蒙)andshutsdowntheimmunesystem.Thisleadstoillnessanddepression.Positivethoughtswillmakeyoufeelbetter.Evenifyoumustbeginbyforcingyourselftobepositive,itwillbecomecontagiousandthepositivethoughtswillproducenicelittlechemicalsandgoodfeelingswhichwillreinforcethepositivethoughts.Forexample,ifyouforceyourselftosmileorlaugh,evenwhenyou"don'tfeellikesmilingorlaughing,ifyoukeepatitforafewminutes,youwillsoonfeellikeit.Feelingscanmakethoughtsalive,andthoughtscandoit,too.Controlyourthoughtsandyoucancontrolyourfeelings.Positivethinkingisimportantinallaspectsofourlives.Thereisprobablynosinglefactormoreimportantindeterminingyoursuccessinachievingyourcareerpurposesthanyourownattitude.It'softenbeensaidthatinthelandoftheblind,theone-eyedmanisking.Andintheofficeofmilitant(好战的)negativism,thepositiveworkersshinelikegold.Youcannotcontrolexternalevents,butyoucanlearntocontrolyourreactiontothoseeventsandtherebyhaveapositiveattitudeandbehappy.Thisimportantkeytosuccessistotallywithinyourcontrol.Useit.63.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat.A.positivethinkingcancureyouofyourdiseasesB.positivethinkingcaneasilybegeneratedbyanyoneC.areductionofhormonemaycauseyoutobedepressedD.aspecificchemicalreactionisthecauseofnegativethinking64.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?A.Feelingandthoughtscanreacttoeachother.B.It'seasiertocontrolthoughtsthantocontrolfeelings.C.Yoursuccessdependswhollyonyourattitude.D.Keepingsmilingwillsurelymakeyousuccessful.65.Justlikeaone-eyedmaninthelandoftheblind,youshould.A.takepositiveattitudeintheofficeofmilitantnegativismB.bekindinyourofficeC.paynoattentiontowhatisgoingonaroundyouD.controlyourfeelingtowhatishappeningtoyou66.Thebesttitletothepassageis.A.ThinkingBenefitsPeopleB.WhyShouldPeopleThinkC.PositiveThinkingandNegativeThinkingD.Thinking:TheImportantWayDWhatmakesapersonascientist?Doeshehavewaysortoolsoflearningthataredifferentfromthoseofothers?Theansweris"No".Itisnotatoolascientistusesbuthowheusesthesetoolsthatmakeshimascientist.Youwillprobablyagreethatknowinghowtouseapowerisimportanttoacarpenter.Youwillprobablyagree,too,thatknowinghowtoinvestigate,howtodiscoverinformation,isimportanttoeveryone.Thescientist,however,goesonestepfurther:hemustbesurethathehasareasonableanswertohisquestionintoalargesetofideasabouthowtheworldworks.Thescientist'sknowledgemustbeexact.Thereisnoroomforhalfrightorrightjusthalfthetime.Hemustbeasnearlyrightastheconditionspermit.Whatworksunderonesetofconditionsatonetimemustworkunderthesameconditionsatothertimes.Iftheconditionsaredifferent,anychangethescientistobservesinademonstrationmustbeexplainedbythechangeintheconditions.Thisisonereasonthatinvestigationsareimportantinscience.AlbertEinstein,whodevelopedthetheoryofrelativity,arrivedatthistheorythroughmathematics.Theaccuracyofhismathematicswaslatertestedthroughinvestigation.Einstein'sideasareshowntobecorrect.Ascientistusesmanytoolsformeasurements.Thenthemeasurementsareusedtomakemathematicalcalculationsthatmaytesthisinvestigations.67."...knowinghowtoinvestigate,howtodiscoverinformation,isimportanttoeveryone."Theauthorsaysthistoshow.A.theimportanceofinformationB.thedifferencebetweencarpentersandordinarypeopleC.thedifferencebetweenscientistsandordinarypeopleD.theimportanceofthinking68.Asoundscientifictheoryshouldbeonethat.A.worksunderonesetofconditionsatanytimeB.leavesnoroomforimprovementC.doesnotallowanychangeevenunderdifferentconditionsD.canbeusedformanypurposes69.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtree?A.Whatworksunderonesetofconditionsatonetimemightworkunderthesameconditionsatothertimes.B.Toolswhichascientistusesformeasurementsareusedtomakemathematicalcalculationsthatmaytesthisinvestigations.C.Ascientistshouldknowmoreaboutotherbranchesofknowledgetoarriveinhisachievement.D.Knowinghowtoinvestigate,howtodiscoverinformationisimportanttoscientists.70.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Scientistsaredifferentfromtheordinarypeople.B.Thetheoryofrelativity.C.Exactnessisthesecretofscience.D.Exactnessandwayofusingtoolsisthekeytothemakingofascientist.ELanguageisamajorproblemfortheEuropeanUnion(EU).Theagreementortreaty(条约)whichcreatedtheorganizationthateventuallybecametheEU,theTreatyofRome,statedthateachcountry'slanguagemustbetreatedequally.Theoriginal(原来的)sixcountrieshadonlythreelanguagesbetweenthem:French,GermanandDutch/Flemish.However,therearenow15countriesintheEU,withatotalof12languages.EUdocumentsmustbetranslatedintoalltheselanguages,andatofficialmeetingsthespeechesmustbetranslatedintoallthelanguagesbyinterpreters.Allthistranslatingisveryexpensiveandtime-consuming(费时的).ItissaidthatnearlyhalfofallemployeesoftheEUareengagedintranslatingdocumentsandspeeches,andnearlyhalfoftheEU'sadministrative(管理方面的)costsarespentonthistask.Inthenearfutureitisprobablethatseveralmorecountries,mostofthemhavingtheirownlanguages,willjointheEU,thusmakingthesituationevenworse.Theproblemisnotjustcost;therearepracticaldifficultiesaswell.With12languages,thereare132possible"translationsituations"thatmightbeneeded.Itisoftendifficulttofindpeopleintherightplaceattherighttimewhocantranslatefrom(forexample)DanishintoGreek,orDutchintoPortuguese,atahighprofessionalstandard.InpracticetheproblemhasbeenmadelessseverebytheuseofEnglishinmanycontactsbetweenEUofficials,sincealmostallofthemspeaksomeEnglish.However,anymovetoreducethenumberofofficiallanguages(perhapstofourorfive)wouldbeablowtotheprideofthesmallerCountries.AnothercommonlysuggestedsolutionistomakeEnglishtheofficiallanguageforallEUbusiness.However,thisisstronglyresistedbypowerfulmembercountrieslikeFranceandGermany.71.TheorganizationthateventuallybecametheEU.A.was