2017年6月四六级冲刺课串讲

2017年大四Formostofthe20thcentury,AsiaaskeditselfwhatitcouldlearnfromthemoderninnovatingWestNowthequestionmustbereversedWhatcantheWest’soverlyindebtedandsluggish(经济滞涨的)nationslearnfromaflourishingAsia?Justafewdecadesago,Asia’stwogiantswerestagnating(滞不前)underfaultyeconomicideologies.However,beganembracing-marketreformsinthe1980s,followedbyinthe1990s,bothcountriesachievedrapidgrowth.astheyopeneduptheirmarkets,theybalancedmarketeconomywithsensibleernmentdirection.AstheneconomistAmartyaSenhaswiselysaid,“Theinvisiblehandofthemarkethasoftenreliedheavilyonthevisiblehandofernment.”ContrastthismiddlepathwithAmericaandEurope,whichhaveeachgoneideologicallyover-boardintheirownways.Sincethe1980s,Americahasbeenincreasinglyclingingtotheideologyof ernment---followingRonaldRegan’sideathat“ernmentisnotthesolutiontoour ernmentistheproblem.course,whenthemarketscamecrashingdownin2007,itwasdecisiveernmentinterventionthatsavedtheday.Despitethisfact,manyAmericansarestillstronglyopposedto“big anti-ernmentdoctrine,theywouldbegintoseethattheU.S.’sproblemsarenotinsoluble.Afewsensiblefederalmeasurescouldputthecountrybackontherightpath.Asimpleconsumptiontaxof,say,5percentwouldsignificantlyreducethe ernmentdeficitwithoutdamagingproductivity.AsmallgasolinetaxwouldhelpAmericafromitsdependenceonoilimportsandcreateincentivesforgreenenergydevelopment.Inthesameway,asignificantreductionofwastefulagriculturalsubsidiescouldalsolowerthedeficit.Butinordertocapitalizeonthesecommon-sensesolutions,Americanswillhavetoputasidetheirownatta enttotheideaof ernmentandlessregulation.AmericanpoliticianswillhavetodevelopthecouragetofollowwhatistaughtinallAmericanpublic-schools:thattherearegoodtaxesandbadtaxes.Asian and long-termfiscalpoliciesasaresult.Meanwhile,Europehasfallenpreytoadifferentideologicaltrap:thebeliefthat ernmentswouldalwaysinfiniteresourcesandcouldcontinueborrowingasiftherewerenotomorrow.UnliketheAmericans,whofeltthatthemarketsknewbest,theEuropeansfailedtoanticipatehowthemarketswouldreacttotheirendlessborrowing.Today,theEuropeanUnioniscreatinga$580billionfundtowardoffsovereigncollapse.ThiswillbuytheEUtime,butitwillnotsolvethebloc’slargerproblem.Whathascontributedtotherapideconomicgrowthinand?Copyingwestern-styleeconomicHeavyrelianceonthehandofTimelyreformofernmentatallmarket ernmentWhatdoesRonaldReaganmeanbysaying“ ernmentistheproblem”(line4,para.3)manysocialevilsarecausedby ernment ernmentactioniskeytosolvingeconomicernmentregulationhinderseconomicWhatstoppedtheAmericaneconomyfromcollapsinginself-regulatoryrepairmechanismsof Cooperationbetween ernmentandAbandonmentof ernmentbytheEffectivemeasuresadoptedby Whatistheauthor’ssuggestiontotheAmericanpublicinfaceofthepublic ernmentdeficit?Theyurgethe ernmenttoreviseitsexistingpublicTheydevelopgreenenergytoavoiddependenceonoilTheygiveuptheideaofsmaller ernmentandlessTheyputupwiththeinevitablesharpincreaseofdifferentWhat’stheproblemwiththeEuropeanShrinkingLackofresourcesExampleExampleQuestions47to56arebasedonthefollowingEveryyearinthefirstweekofmyEnglishclass,somestudentsinformmethatwrithingistoohard.Theyneverwrite,unlessassignments47it.Theyfindthewriting48andHowawfultobeabletospeakinalanguagebutnottowriteinit-49English,withitsrichvocabulary.Beingabletospeakbutnotwriteislikelivinginan50mansion(豪宅)andneverleavingonesmallroom.WhenImeetstudentswhothinktheycan’twrite,Iknowasateachermy51isshowthemtherestoftherooms.Mytaskistobuildfluencywhileprovidingtheopportunityinherentinanywritingactivityto52themoralandemotionaldevelopmentofmystudents.Onegreatwaytodothisisbyhavingstudentswriteinajournalinclasseveryday.Writingabilityislikestrengthtraining.Writingneedstobedone53,justlikeexercise;justasmusclesgrowstrongerwithexercise,writingskillsimprovequicklywithwritingpractice.Ioftenseeariseinstudentconfidence afteronlyafewweeksofjournalwritingExpressingoneselfinwritingisoneofthemostimportantskillsIteachtostrengthenthewholestudent.Whenmystudentspracticejournalwriting,theyarepracticingfortheirfutureacademic,political,and55lives.Theybuildskillssothatsomedaytheymightwriteagreatnovel,apieceofsorelyneededlegislation,ortheperfectloveletterEverydaythattheywriteintheirjournalsputsthemastep56tofluency,eloquence(雄辩),andcommandoflanguage.[I][J][K][L] [M] [N] [O]ExampleExampleQuestions36to45arebasedonthefollowingQuiteoften,educatorslfamiliesofchildrenwhoarelearningEnglishasasecondlanguagetospeakonlyEnglish,andnottheirnativelanguage,athome.Althoughtheseeducatorsmayhavegood36,theiradvicetofamiliesismisguided,anditfrommisunderstandingsabouttheprocessoflanguageacquisition.Educatorsmayfearthatchildrenhearingtwolanguageswill confusedandthustheirlanguagedevelopmentwill;thisconcernisnotedintheliture.Childrenarecapableoflearningmorethanonelanguage,whether40orsequentially(依次地).Infact,mostchildrenoutsideoftheUnitedStatesareexpectedto ebilingualoreven,inmanycases,multilingual.Globally,knowingmorethanonelanguageisviewedasan41andevenanecessityinmanyareas.ItisalsoofconcernthatthemisguidedadvicethatstudentsshouldspeakonlyEnglishisgivenprimarilytopoorfamilieswithlimitededucationalopportunities,nottowealthierfamilieswhohavemanyeducationaladvantages.Sincechildrenfrompoorfamiliesoftenare42asat-riskforacademicfailure,teachersbelievethatadvisingfamiliestospeakEnglishonlyisappropriate.Teachersconsiderlearningtwolanguagestobetoo43forchildrenfrompoorfamilies,believingthatthechildrenarealreadyburdenedbytheirhomesituations.IffamiliesdonotknowEnglishorhavelimitedEnglishskills non-English-speakingfamiliestospeakonlyEnglishis lingthemnottocommunicatewithorin ctwiththeirchildren.Moreover,the45messageisthatthefamily'snativelanguageisnotimportantorvalued. [I] [J] [K] [L] [M] [N] [O]Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.UniversitiesBranchAsneverbeforeintheirlonghistory,universitieshave instrumentsofnationalcompetitionaswellasinstrumentsofpeace.Theyaretheceofthescientificdiscoveriesthatmoveeconomiesforward,andtheprimarymeansofeducatingthetalentrequiredtoobtainandmaintaincompetitiveadvantage.Butatthesametime,theopeningofnationalborderstotheflowofgoods,services,informationandespeciallypeoplehasmadeuniversitiesapowerful forglobalintegration,mutualunderstandingandgeopoliticalstability.Inresponsetothesame sthathavedriventheworldeconomy,universitieshave emoreself-consciouslyglobal:seekingstudentsfromaroundtheworldwhorepresenttheentirerangeofculturesandvalues,sendingtheirownstudentsabroadtopreparethemforglobalcareers,offeringcoursesofstudythat collaborative(合作的)researchprogramstoadvancescienceforthebenefitofallhumanity.Ofthe sshahighereducationnoneismoresweethanthemovementacrossborders.Overthepastthreedecadesthenumberofstudentsleavinghomeeachyeartostudyabroadhasgrownatanannualrateof3.9percent,from800,000in1975to2.5millionin2004.Mosttravelfromonedevelopednationtoanother,buttheflowfromdevelotodevelopedcountriesisgrowingrapidly.Thereverseflow,fromdevelopedtodevelocountries,isontherise,too.Todayforeignstudentsearn30percentofthedoctoraldegreesawardedintheUnitedStatesand38percentofthoseintheUnitedKingdom.Andthenumbercrossingbordersforundergraduatestudyisgrowingaswell,to8percentoftheundergraduatesatAmerica’sbestinstitutionsand10percentofallundergraduatesintheU.K.IntheUnitedStates,20percentofthenewlyhiredprofessorsinscienceandengineeringareforeign-born,andin manynewlyhiredfacultymembersatthetopresearchuniversitiesreceivedtheirgraduateeducationabroad.Universitiesarealsoencouragingstudentstospendsomeoftheirundergraduateyearsinanothercountry.InEurope,morethan140,000studentsparticipateintheErasmusprogrameachyear,takingcoursesforcreditinoneof2,200participatinginstitutionsacrossthecontinent.AndintheUnitedStates,institutionsarehelcestudentsinsummerinternships(实习)abroadtopreparethemforglobalcareers.YaleandHarvardhaveledtheway,offeringeveryundergraduateatleastoneinternationalstudyorinternshipopportunity—andprovidingthefinancialresourcestomakeitpossible.Globalizationisalsoreshathewayresearchisdone.newtrendinvolvessourcingportionsofaresearchprogramtoanothercountry.YaleprofessorandHowardHughesMedicalInstituteinvestigatorTianXudirectsaresearchcenterfocusedonthegeneticsofhumandiseaseatShanghai’sFudanUniversity,incollaborationwithfacultycolleaguesfrombothschools.The workingina4,300-square-meterlaboratoryfacility.Yalefaculty,postdoctorsandgraduatestudentsvisitregularlyandattendconferenceseminarswithscientistsfrombothcampuses.Thearrangementbenefitsbothcountries;Xu’sYalelabismoreproductive,thankstothelowercostsofconductingresearch,and graduatestudents,postdoctorsandfacultygeton-the-jobtrainingfromaworld-classscientistandhisU.S.Asaresultofitsstrengthinscience,theUnitedStateshasconsistentlyledtheworldinthecommercializationofmajornew,fromthemainframecomputerandtheintegratedcircuitofthe1960stotheInternetinfrastructure(基础设施)andapplicationssoftwareofthe1990s.Thelinkbetweenuniversity-basedscienceandindustrialapplicationisoftenindirectbutsometimeshighlyvisible:SiliconValleywasintentionallycreatedbyStanfordUniversity,andRoute128outsideBostonhaslonghousedcompaniesspunofffromMITandHarvard.Aroundtheworld,ernmentshaveencouragedcopyingofthismodel,perhapsmostsuccessfullyinCambridge,England,where andscoresofotherleadingsoftwareandbiotechnologycompanieshavesetupshoparoundtheForallitssuccess,theUnitedStatesremainsdeeplyhesitantaboutsustainingtheresearch-universitymodel.Mostpoliticiansrecognizethelinkbetweeninvestmentinscienceandnationaleconomicstrength,butsupportforresearchfundinghasbeenunsteady.ThebudgetoftheNationalInstitutesofHealthdoubledbetween1998and2003,buthasrisenmoreslowlythaninflationsincethen.Supportforthephysicalsciencesandengineeringbarelykeptpacewithinflationduringthatsameperiod.Theattempttomakeuplostgroundis e,butthenationwouldbebetterservedbysteady,predictableincreasesinsciencefundingattherateoflong-termGDPgrowth,whichisontheorderofinflationplus3percentperyear. Americanpoliticianshavegreatdifficultyrecognizingthatadmittingmoreforeignstudentscangreatlypromotethenationalinterestbyincreasinginternationalunderstanding.Adjustedforinflation,publicfundingforinternationalexchangesandforeign-languagestudyiswellbelowthelevelsof40yearsago.InthewakeofSeptember11,changesinthevisaprocesscausedadramaticdeclineinthenumberofforeignstudentsseekingadmissiontoU.S.universities,andacorrespondingsurgeinenrollmentsinAustralia,SingaporeandtheU.K.ObjectionsfromAmericanuniversityandbusinessleadersledtoimprovementsintheprocessandareversalofthedecline,buttheUnitedStatesisstillseenbymanyas ingtointernationalstudents.MostAmericansrecognizethatuniversitiescontributetothenation’swell-beingthroughtheirscientificresearch,butmanyfearthatforeignstudentsthreatenAmericancompetitivenessbytakingtheirknowledgeandskillsbackhome.Theyfailtograsp ingforeignstudentstotheUnitedStateshastwoimportantpositiveeffects:first,theverybestofthemstayintheStatesand—likeimmigrantsthroughouthistory—strengthenthenation;andsecond,foreignstudentswhostudyintheUnited eambassadorsformanyofitsmostcherished珍视)valueswhentheyreturnhome.Oratleasttheyunderstandthembetter.InAmericaaselsewhere,fewinstrumentsofforeignareaseffectiveinpromotingpeaceandstabilityasinginternationaluniversityAmericanuniversitiespreparetheirundergraduatesforglobalcareersbygivingthemchancesforinternationalstudyorinternship.Sincethemid-1970s,theenrollmentofoverseasstudentshasincreasedatanannualrateof3.9percent.TheenrollmentofinternationalstudentswillhaveapositiveimpactonAmericaratherthanthreatenitscompetitiveness.Thewayresearchiscarriedoutinuniversitieshaschangedasaresultofglobalization.OfthenewlyhiredprofessorsinscienceandengineeringintheUnitedStates,twentypercentcomefromforeigncountries.ThenumberofforeignstudentsapplyingtoU.S.universitiesdecreasedsharplyafterSeptember11duetochangesinthevisaprocess.TheU.S.federalfundingforresearchhasbeenunsteadyforAroundtheworld, ernmentsencouragethemodel linkinguniversity-basedscienceandindustrialapplication.Present-dayuniversitieshave eapowerful globalintegration. AmericanvaluesbacktotheirhomecountriesIntothe[A]Untiltheearly1990snobodymuchthoughtaboutwholepopulationsgettingolder.TheUNhadtheforesighttoconvenea“worldassemblyonageing”backin1982,butthatcameandwent.By1994theWorldBankhadnoticedthatsomethingbigwashappening.Inareportentitled“AvertingtheOldAgeCrisis”,itarguedthatpensionarrangementsinmostcountrieswere49.Inareportpublishedsome20yearsago,thesustainabilityofold-agepensionsystemsinmostcountrieswascalledinto2017大四六级13-1510-127-94-61-30于于Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessay.Youshouldstartyouressaywithabriefdescriptionofthepictureandcommentonkid’sunderstandingofgoingtoschool.Youshouldwriteatleast120butnomorethan180words.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessay.Youshouldstartyouressaywithabriefdescriptionofthepictureandcommentonthiskindofmodernlife.Youshouldwriteatleast120butnomorethan180words.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessay.Youshouldstartyouressaywithabriefdescriptionofthepictureandcommentonparents’roleintheirchildren’sgrowth.Youshouldwriteatleast120butnomorethan180words.201512月写作（卷一Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaycommentingonthesaying“Nevergoouttheretoseewhathappens,goouttheretomakesomethinghappen.”Youcanciteexamplestoillustratetheimportanceofbeingcreativeratherthanmereonlookersinlife.Youshouldwriteatleast120words,nomorethan180words.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaycommentingonthesaying“Learningisadailyexperienceandalifetimemission”.Youcanciteexamplestoillustratetheimportanceoflifelonglearning.Youshouldwriteatleast120butnomorethan180words.201512月写作（卷三Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaycommentingonthesaying“Listeningismoreimportantthantalking.”Youcanciteexamplestoillustratetheimportanceoflistening.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words. Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowritealettertoexpressyourthankstooneoffriendswhohelpedyoumostwhenyouwereindifficulty.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.DearI’mwritingthislettertoexpressmyheartfeltgratitudetoyouforyourhelpwhenIwasintrouble.Youhavebeenverykindandhelpfulsincewekneweachother.Lastweek,IfailedintheEnglishexamination.WhenIwasinabluemoodandworryingaboutthemake-uptest,youcametomyhomeafterschoolandhelpedmewithmyEnglish.Withyourhelp,Isailedthroughtheexam.Yourhelpmeansalottome,whichnotonlyhelpsmepasstheexaminationbutalsogivesmeconfidenceinEnglish.Again,thankssomuchforyourenthusiastichelp.Withoutyourhelp,Icouldn’thavepassedtheexameasily.Iwouldliketogiveyouahandanytimeyouneedhelp.Iwishyoueverysuccessinthefutureandwecanexchangemoreviewpointsonstudy.Pleasehavenohesitationinwritingtomeifyouareindifficulty. Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowritealettertoexpressyourthankstooneofyourschoolteachersuponenteringcollege.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.DearMissIamwritingthislettertoexpressmysinceregratitudeforyourhelpinmyWithoutyourhelp,mystudywouldnotranksthetopthreeinmyclass.ItwasyouwhoalwaysstoodbymewhenIfellbehindinstudy.Youpointedmymistakesandtoldmehowtomakethemright.Youalwaysworkedtirelesslytotrainmypatienceandprovidedmewitheffectivelearningmethods.Yourcontinuousencouragementismygreatestmotivation,whichgivesmeconfidenceinmyself.Yourearnestinstructionsmeansalottome.Isincerelyhopethatyoucanhaveagoodhealthandstayhappy.Again,Isincerelythankyouforyourhelp!