届高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧课件

阅读理解解题技巧之主旨大意型

主旨大意型

我们阅读一篇文章，首先是要了解其大意，明确其主旨。因此，主旨大意题是常考题。一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题(mainidea,mainlyabout),目的(purpose)或标题(title)设题。1)主题型的题干形式Themainideaofthepassageis…Thepassageismainlyabout…Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?2)写作目的型的题干形式Thepassageismeantto…Thepurposeofthisarticleisto…Theauthorintendsto...What'sthepurposeofthepassage?3)标题型的题干形式Thebesttitleforthepassagemightbe…Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?【设题形式】【如何做主旨大意题】1)主旨大意题属于归纳概括题。如有标题，标题中蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。2)找准文章的主题句是关键。“主题句定位法”是一种行之有效的方法。3)记叙文通常没有主题句，需根据文章所述内容进行归纳，最后概括出来的中心意思一定要涵盖全文或整个段落，切忌以偏概全或离题太远、太笼统。4)无明显主题句时找高频信息词.

“主题句定位法”

主题句在段首

主题句在段末

首尾呼应主题句在短文中间

(1)主题句在段首一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头，其后是论证性细节。在说明文、论述文或新闻报道中多采用这种形式，作者在首段常常亮出观点，表明立场。大多数文章的主题句就是文章的首句所以要认真阅读段落首句。【典题范析】1.LungcanceristheworstcancerkillerinAmerica.About160,440Americansdieeachyearfromit.Morethan87percentoflungcancersaresmokingrelated,accordingtotheLungCancerOrganization.Themainideaofthepassageis_____.A.LungcanceristheNo.1cancerkillerB.SmokingisabadhabitC.LCOadvisespeopletostopsmokingD.WhydidpeopledieofLungcancer?A论证性细节2.Zinc(锌)isoneofabout20elementsnecessaryforgoodhealth.Itispresentinthebodyinaverysmallamountbutmakesitpossibleforimportantchemicalactionstobecarriedoutincells.Scientistsarejustbeginningtodiscoverhowzincandotherelementswork.

Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe______.A.ANewDiscoveryB.ZincandHealthC.HowZincWorksD.AddZinctoYourFoodB论证性细节(2)

主题句在段末有的主题句放到文章的末尾，先摆出事实依据，层层推理论证，将主题引向高潮，起到总结作用，从而形成强有力的结论，这就要求考生耐心地读完全文。【典题范析】1.Infact,whenwesaythatallofusmustbeeducatedtofitusforlife,itmeansthatwemustbeeducatedinsuchawaythat,firstly,eachofuscandowhateverworksuitedtohisbrainsandability，andsecondly,thatwecanrealizethatalljobsarenecessarytosociety,andthatisverybadtobeashamedofone'swork.Onlysuchatypeofeducationcanbeconsideredvaluabletosociety.Thepassagetellsusabout___oftheeducation.A.themeansB.thesystemC.thevalueD.thetypeC层层推理论证2.Weatherchangeswhenthetemperatureandtheamountofwaterintheatmospherechange.Wecanseeandfeelwatercomingfromtheatmospherewhenwehaverain.Butthewatermustsomehowgetbacktotheatmosphere.Meteorologistscallthisthewatercycle.

Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?____A.Watercycle.B.Watervapour.C.Howrainforms.D.Water,vapour,rain.A层层推理论证（3）首尾呼应为突出主题,作者先提出主题,结尾时再次点出主题,这种首尾呼应的写作方式也较为多见.通常,前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复,后面的表述往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味.【典题范析】(2013年高考)Imaginationandfantasycanplayanimportantroleinachievingthethingswefear.Childrenknowthisverywell.FredEpstein，inhisbookIfIMakeIttoFive，tellsastoryheheardfromoneoffriendsaboutTom，afouryearoldboywithacancerinhisbackbone.Hecamethroughseveraloperationsandalotofpainbymasteringhisimagination…Itdoesn'tmeanthatyoushoulddressasasuperheroforyounextjobinterview.But，nexttimeyouaretestedinawaythatseemsimpossible,imaginewhatitwouldtaketoovercomeit.Becomethepersonyouneedtobecometowinoveryourchallengeanddoitinyourmindfirst.So，letyourimaginationrunwild，anddaretodream.

Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?____A.Totellusaninterestingstory.B.Tohelpusmakerightdecisions.C.Toadviseustocareaboutchildren.D.Toencourageustouseourimagination.D（4）主题句在短文中间当主题句被安排在段中间时,通常前面只提出问题,文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出,而后又作进一步的解释,支撑或发展.【典题范析】Inaworldwithlimitedland,waterandothernaturalresources,theharmfromthetraditionalbusinessmodelisontherise.Actually,thepastdecadehasseenmoreandmoreforestsdisappearingandglobebecomingincreasinglywarm.Peoplenowrealizethatthisunhealthysituationmustbechanged,andthatwemustbeabletodevelopinsustainable(可持续的)ways.Thatmeansgrowthwithlowcarbonordevelopmentofsustainableproducts.Inotherwords,weshouldkeeptheearthhealthywhileusingitssupplyofnaturalresources.Today,sustainabledevelopmentisapropertrendinmanycountries....Inrecentyearsthemarketsforsustainableproductshavegrownbymorethan50%.提出问题或现象作进一步的解释,支撑或发展继续陈述细节或引申

Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?______A.Tointroduceanewbusinessmodel.B.Tocomparetwobusinessmodels.C.Topredictachangeoftheglobalmarket.D.Toadvocatesustainabledevelopment.D3)有的文章的中心思想隐含在文中（尤其是记叙文），让读者很难发现，这种情况难度较大，考生要通观全文，分清主旨细节，进行归纳推理。最后概括出来的中心意思一定要涵盖全文或整个段落，切忌以偏概全或离题太远、太笼统。解答此类题时考生需要把握作者的观点、态度、语气等，分析文章的篇章结构，抓住文章开头的主题句或文章最后的结论，捕捉与题目有关的信息，从而找出能概括文章主旨的题目和中心思想。【典题范析】Atthirteen，Iwasdiagnosed(诊断)withakindofattentiondisorder.Itmadeschooldifficultforme.Wheneveryoneelseintheclasswasfocusingontasks，Icouldnot.Inmyfirstliteratureclass，Mrs.Smithaskedustoreadastoryandthenwriteonit，allwithin45minutes.Iraisedmyhandrightawayandsaid，“Mrs.Smith，yousee，thedoctorsaidIhaveattentionproblems.Imightnotbeabletodoit.”Sheglanceddownatmethroughherglasses，“Youarenodifferentfromyourclassmates，youngman.”Itried，butIdidn'tfinishthereadingwhenthebellrang.Ihadtotakeithome.Inthequietnessofmybedroom，thestorysuddenlyallbecamecleartome.Itwasaboutablindperson，Louis本文主要讲述作者有注意力紊乱，不想努力，在老师的激励下，克服困难的故事Braille.Helivedinatimewhentheblindcouldn'tgetmucheducation.ButLouisdidn'tgiveup.Instead，heinventedareadingsystemofraiseddots(点)，whichopenedupawholenewworldofknowledgetotheblind.Wasn'tIthe“blind”inmyclass，beingmadetolearnlikethe“sighted”students？Mythoughtsspilledoutandmypenstartedtodance.Icompletedthetaskwithin40minutes.Indeed，Iwasnodifferentfromothers；Ijustneededaquieterplace.IfLouiscouldfindhiswayoutofhisproblems，whyshouldIevergiveup?Ididn'texpectanythingwhenIhandedinmypapertoMrs.Smith，soitwasquiteasurprisewhenitcamebacktomethenextday—withan“A”onit.Atthebottomofthepaperwerethesewords：“Seewhatyoucandowhenyoukeeptrying？”Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?______A．Thedisabledshouldbetreatedwithrespect.B．Ateachercanopenupanewworldtostudents.C．Onecanfindhiswayoutofdifficultieswithefforts.D．Everyoneneedsahandwhenfacedwithchallenges.C某个具体事实或细节片面推出的错误结论非文章事实的主观臆断干扰项4)无明显主题句时找高频信息词任一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，有的文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。【典题范析】Sometimesyou'llhearpeoplesaythatyoucan'tloveothersuntilyouloveyourself.Sometimesyou'llhearpeoplesaythatyoucan'texpectsomeoneelsetoloveyouuntilyouloveyourself.Eitherway,you'vegottoloveyourselffirstandthiscanbetricky.Sureweallknowthatwe'retheappleofourparents'eyes,andthatourGrandmasthinkwe'regreattalentsandourUncleRobertsthinkthatwewillgototheOlympics,butsometimesit'salothardertothinksuchnicethoughtsaboutourselves.Ifyoufindthatbelievinginyourselfisachallenge.itistimeyoubuildapositiveselfimageandlearntoloveyourself.

...

Thebestwa