erveal-the-reason-of-social-corruption-through-vanity-fair-通过名利场揭示社会腐败的原因

RevealtheReasonofSocialCorruptionthroughVanityFair通过名利场揭示社会腐败的原因摘要《名利场》是19世纪著名批判现实主义家威廉·梅克皮斯·萨克雷的代表作。小说中塑造了各式各样的人物，自私和虚伪充斥整篇小说。通过分析人物，我们可以得出这样的结论：19世纪的英国社会已经腐败。本文认为社会腐败首先源于社会经济的迅速发展，巨大的财富是滋生社会腐败的物质基础。其次在于社会主流文化的导向作用，健康向上的主流社会文化能够有效抑制负面文化的滋生。第三是社会生活中人们的精神态度，这里的精神态度指的是人们对主流文化的主观能动作用，即人们是否推存社会主流文化。关键词：萨克雷社会腐化主流文化【Abstract】RevealtheReasonofSocialCorruptionthroughVanityFairVanityFairisthefamouscriticalrealismmasterpieceofWilliamMakepeaceThackerayinthe19thcentury.Thackeraycreatedawidevarietyofcharactersinthenovel;mostofthepeoplewerefullofselfishandhypocrisy.Byanalyzingthecharacters,wecancometothisconclusion:Thereasonsofthesocietycorrupted.Therearethreereasonsforsocialcorruption.Firstly,rapiddevelopmentofsocialeconomy,greatwealthisthematerialbasisforsocialcorruption.Thesecondone,thedirectionofmainstreamculture,ahealthymainstreamculturecaneffectivelyinhibitthenegativeculture.Thelastone,people’smentalstateinsociallife,mentalstateherereferstopeople’ssubjectivedynamic-roletothemainstreamculture,namelywhetherpeoplefollowthemainstreamculture.【KeyWords】:Thackeray;socialcorruption;mainstreamcultureTableofContentsINTRODUCTION4Chapter1SOCIALCORRUPTIONSTUDYOFVANITYFAIRTHROUGHMATERIALDEVELOPMENTANDSOCIALMAINSTREAMCULTURE51.1TheEffectofMaterialDevelopmenttoSocialCorruption51.2TheEffectofSocialMainstreamCulturetoSocialCorruption5Chapter2SOCIALCORRUPTINSTUDYOFVANTIYFAIRTHROUGHPEOPLE’SMENTALSTATE72.1TheMentalStatesofRulingClass72.2TheMentalStatesofMiddleClass72.3TheMentalStatesoftheLowerClass8CONCLUTION10BIBLOGRAPHY10RevealtheReasonofSocialCorruptionthroughVanityFairINTRUDUCTIONTheAuthorofVanityFairWilliamMakepeaceThackeray(1811-1863)wasbornatCalcutta.Hewasarepresentativeofcriticalrealismin19thcenturywhohasthesamereputationwithCharlesDickensinEngland.Hewasnotonlyagreatrealismwriterbutalsoahumorist.Itcancalledhewasamastermindofhumor.Inhisearlyeducation,anindependentspiritwasinfusedtosmallThackeray,sohewenthisownway,attendingvariousschoolandleavingThinitycollege,Cambridgewithouttakingadegree.HebecameanexperiencedwriterbecauseoftheenvironmentofhelivedandstudiedinIndiaandContinentalEuropeinhisearlyyears,andhisroughdestiny.Thereisnodoubtthatinhisnovel,heexposedseveralmalpracticeinthatsocialandespeciallynoblemananddarknessclimber’smask.HeusedhispentodisclosethedarknessofsocietyandtheVanityFairisavividandsatireembodimentinthattimeandsociety.Ashesaid“Theoriginalofcorruptthehumanmoralityisthewholesociety’sselfish”.VanityFairisMrThackeray’smostimportantwork,ExceptVanityFair,healsohadotherfamousworks.SuchasTheHistoryofHenryEsmond,theFull-lengthnovelsofTheHistoryofPendennis,TheVirginians,theMedium-lengthnovelsofTheluckofBarryLyndon,andtheshortstorycollectionsofTheBookofSnobs.ThePlotofVanityFairThetitleofVanityFairwastakenfromBunyan’sPilgrim’sProgress.ItalsocalledANovelwithoutaHero.Thesceneofthestorywasthefirsthalfofthe19thcenturyinEngland.ThenovelopenswithtwogirlsfromtheirschoolonLondonSuburb,wheretheyhadstudyfor6years.OneofthemwasAmalia,thedaughterofawealthyLondonfamily,whodidn’testeemthevaluesofVanityFair.TheotherwasBecky,anorphanwhocaresofnothingelseexceptmoneyandposition.Amaliawasavirtuousandcharminggirl,whowontheloveofeverybodywhocameneartoher,sotheclassmateswerefriendlyandkindlytoher.Asauthorsaid“Herfaceblushedwithrosyhealthy,andherlipshadthefreshestofthesmiles”.Onethecontrary,BeckywassoimpolitethatshethrewoutthedictionarythatMissJemicagaveherasgift.Theyhaddifferentbackgroundoffamily,dispositionandsocialstatusthatcausedthedifferentlife.Whatagreedladywho’sfatherisadiedartist,shepassedallkindsofwaystogetmoneyandposition,andshewantedtoentrythehighersociety,butshedidn’tknowthatthenoisecanonlymakeherselflonelyanddesolated.PurelygirlAmaliafallendeepinlovewithfrivolousofficerandhadbeenabandoned.Eveniftheymarried,theofficeralsodiedinbattle.TheauthorpaintedapictureofVanityFairinrealitylifevividlyanddescribedthedeceit,betrayal,incisivelyanduglybehavior.Chapter1SocialCorruptionStudyofVanityFairthroughMaterialDevelopmentandSocialMainstreamCultureAsweallknow,theeconomicisacountry’sbasic,thecultureisanationality’ssoul,socountryornation’sprosperityorcorruptioncannotleavetheeconomicandculture.1.1TheEffectofMaterialDevelopmenttoSocialCorruptionAfter1801,theUnitedKingdomwonthefinalwarwithFrancelastingfor14years.BritishRoyalNavycontrolledtheseas.Asweallknow,itcalledmaritimeempire,it’sgoodforinternationaltrade,andduetothegreatdevelopmentofcommercial.UnitedKingdombegantoexpandthescopeoftheBritishcolony,providedcheaprawmaterials,industrialproductsalsoprovidethemajorityofthemarket,createdafavorableenvironmentforindustrialdevelopment.Inthattime,UnitedStatealsowasinIndustrialRevolution.Withnewmachineshelped,theUnitedKingdomcontinuouslyimprovesit’sproductivitywhichisseveraltimesthespeedofdevelopment.IndustrialoutputoftheUKwasalsorisinginthemid-19century,Britishhadbecametheworld’smostadvancedcountry,noothercountrycanreadytocompetewithherinindustrialproduction.Atthesametime,therapiddevelopmentofindustrialalsopromotethedevelopmentoftheurbanization,andsomelargecitiesappearedandgrownstrongerandstronger,especiallythelargeindustrialcitiesraisedrapidlyandalargenumberofruralpeopleswarmedintocitiestogetbetterlivelihood,theUnitedKingdomwasextremelyrapidprocessofurbanizationruralwayoflifeisgraduallyfadingoutofsight,replacedbyanewlifestyleandphilosophy.Intheworkwecanseethatthehighlydevelopedeconomy.ItisdevelopmentofeconomythatpavesthewayforBritish,alsoitprovidedthehotbedforthecorruptionofthepeople.Fortunately,itappearedapersonwhorecordedthechangeanddevelopmentoftheUnitedKingdom.Helivedinthattime,andheknownalotofaboutwhathappenedinthistimeandthiscountry.Hethroughanoveltoexpressthecorruptionofcountry.Inthisnovel,Amelia’sfatherandGeorge’sfatherweregoodfriendsbeforeAmelia’sfatherwentbankrupt.Becauseoftheindustrialrevolution,theybecamericherandricherandforgotwhatistherealmeaningoftherealfriendsintheirlife.Therearetwolargefamiliesinthisnovel,manyclassicalallusionsfrompopularobjectsreflectedthehistoricalbackground,lawsandregulations,socialcustomsandeventheauthor’sartisticintention.1.2TheEffectofSocialMainstreamCulturetoSocialCorruptionIntheworkwecanseethattheprocessofindustrialization,theindustrialbourgeoisieandtheinterestsoftheworkingclassfromthepastgraduallyevolvedintoantagonisticclasses.IntheIndustrialRevolution,largeindustrialmachinerygraduallyreplacedhandicraftproduction;workershavebecametheaccessoriesofmachine.Maximizeprofitswastheobjectofcapitalists,theydoeverythingpossibletoincreaseworkinghours,increasinglaborintensitywithlowerwageevenifwomen,childrenandoldpeople.Capitalistscannotgiveworkerthenecessarysafety.Poorworkingenvironment,serioushealthhazardsthreatworker’shealthandpersonalsafety.Marketcompetition,alsocausedalargenumberofthepoor.Tothelate19thcentury,Britainhadnearlyamillionpeopleunemployed.Thedevelopmentofcapitalismcametothefreeheyday,bourgeoisiecontemptforhumanrights,nottotheunemployedandthepoorastheythink,thatpovertyisdueto“personallaziness”,withsuchideas1834,undertheimpetusoftheindustrialbourgeoisie,thegovernmentenacteda“poorlaw”.Thislawestablishedinthecountryworkhouse,wherenosourceofincome,inneedofsocialassistanceisrequiredtoentertheworkhouse,Butthepoorwerestillforcedtodoheavymanuallaborwithextremelypoorlivingconditions.Thischangedpeople’sidealaboutsociety,peoplebecamemoneyworship,theytrytheirbesttomakemoneyforlife.Moneybecametheonlyruleofjudgingaperson.Thepeopleinthisnovelallhaveastrongdesireformoneyandposition,theauthordepictedtheirlibidoforuglythings.LikeBecky,shewasfromapoorfamilyandherfatherwasaartist,hermotherwasawhore.Shewantedtogetmoneyandpositiontochangeherlifeinherearlyages,sosheisexpectedtohustleandfightforwhatshewanted.Shethoughtthatmoneyiseverythinginherlife,likeshesaid:”IfIhad5000ponds,Iwouldbeagoodwoman.Therawnessofhergreedwasfrankanduninhibited,ledhergetlonelyandlonelyinherenddays.Chapter2SocialCorruptionStudyofVanityFairthroughPeople’sMentalStateInthenovel,authoruseddifferentfigurestostandfordifferentclasses,herewe’llanalyzethementalstateofthreeclassesaccordingtothefiguresandthenrevealthecorruptionsocial.2.1TheMentalStateofRulingClassRepresentativefigure:GeorgeOsborneGeorgeOsborneisthesonofbusinessman,wechoosehimastherepresentativefigurebecausesomeofhisappearanceandbehaviorshowsthementalstateofthemostcapitalists.Likeauthorsaid“Hewasasvainasagirl”.GeorgeOsborne,Amelia’shusband,theonlysonoftherichbusinessman.Hewasahandsomeandchildishyoungman,buthisappearanceandbehaviorquitedifferent.Inhisopinion,hisfatherhadgotenoughmoneytopissawayfromnowuntilthedayhedied.Asason,hewasaungratefulson.Heexhaustedallmeanstocheatmoneyfromhisfather,butneverwantedtoreturntohisfather.Intheend,hemarriedBeckywithouthisfather’sagreement,andhebrokenwithhisfather.Afterward,hehadtorespectforhisfatheronthesurfacebecausetheoldOsbornecontrolledtheeconomylifelineofinheritinghisbequest,buthefailed,oldOsbornelethismoneytohisdaughter.Asahusband,Osbornewasaliartotally,hedidn’tlovehiswife,justwantedtopossessedher.Helethiswifewaitedhimwithlonelyandpoorly.HeflirtedwithBeckyquiteseriouslyandisreconciledtoAmeliaonlyashorttimebeforehekilledinbattle.Asaunbornchild’sfather,henevertakenhisresponsibility,hejustwastedallhiemoneyfromhisfatherforenjoyingandplaying,hedidn’tconsideredthefutureofhischild,andsetnothingasidetohelpsupporthiswifeandchild.Asaofficer,hefavoredthewar,notfordefendedthecountryofforeignaggression,butforgotahigherrankandprofit.Sometimeshelikesachild,didn’tknowwhatisrightandwhatiswrong.Heneverconsideredtheconsequenceandthingsthatbringharmtoothers.Hedeceivedanyone,evenhimself,becausehealwaysthoughthimselflikeBecky.Therewasnodoubtthathewasaselfish,greedandstupidman.Tobehonest,therearemanypeoplelikeOsborneinthisnovelevenintoday,likesisterandfatherofOsborne,familyofCrawley,Osborneisjustarepresentativeofrulingclass.AccordingtotheOsborne,wecandrawaconclusionthattherulingclasscapitalistsgotlostintheirtimeandintheirmind,allthattheyconsideredisthemselvesHowtofoundjoys,howtoearnedmoneyearlyandhowtogotposition.Wecanseetheselfish,greed,uglyandlustinthisclassandIthinktheywerethemajorreasonofcorruption.2.2TheMentalStateofMiddleClassRepresentativefigure:DobbinDobbin,thebestfriendofGeorgeOsborne.Hewastallungainlyandnotparticularlyhandsome.Wechoosehimasrepresentativefigureofmiddleclassbecauseofhisconscience,compassionanddeepfeeling,butnooneisperfect,inhistime,heisconsideredalotandabitstrange.Asafriend,hewasagoodfriend.HehelpedGeorgeOsbornetomarrywithAmaliainordertomadeAmaliahappy.HelovedAmaliaverymuch,likeauthorsaid“hestoodforamomentandlookedather,powerlessandtornwithpity,asaparentregardsaninfantinpain”.InDobbin’smind,Amaliaisaidealwife,sowhenheknownthatOsbornewantedtorunaway,hedidn’ttellthetruthtoAmalia,andhetriedhisbesttopersuadeOsborne.HethoughthewasprotectAmaliaoutofharm,buthewaswrong.AfterGeorgeOsbornediedinbattle,hedidn’twanttoplaythisrolethatherhusband’sfriend,hewastired.Intheendofthisnovel,Dobbinunderstoodhismistakesandtoldtherealviewwhichwasburyinthebottomofhisheartmanyyears.Hesaid“Iknowhowdeepyourfeelings,itisnotloyaltytothememoryofthepast,donotthinkthatmyloveismorevaluable,butsuchaI’mfeelingmoregenerous.”Finally,BeckymadetheonlyrightdecisioninherwholelifethatsheexposedthenegativesenseofGeorgeOsbornebehaviorandcontributedtotheirmarriageanddecidedtogetdownthepastandwelcomethenewlifewithDobbin.FromtheanalysiswecandrawaconclusionthattheMiddleclassgotgreatpressureinthattime,theyhadtoconsideredmorethanothersandhadtosufferallthedifficultyforhappiness,maybemostofthemdonotsocorruptbuttheirspiritwaswilling,buttheirfleshwasweak.Theycannotchangetherealityofcorruption.Theonlythingtheycandoishelpedothersthoughitunwilling.2.3TheMentalStateoftheLowerClassRepresentativefigure:BeckyandAmaliaBeckywastheheroineofthenovel,sheissmart,beautifulanddesperatetouseherownadvantages.Butfatelikesanaughtygirl,whogivesyousomethingyoudon’tlike,androbssomethingfromyouthatyoulikemuch.Asherchildhood,herfatherdiedbecauseofillnessandhermotherinordertoprovidedfamilybecameafemaledancer.Grownupintheshadowofpoorfamilyandshewantedtobecamesuchpersonwhobothflatterpeopleandflatteredbyothers.She’sobjectofherlifeistoobtainwealthandnoblestatusinsociety.Thusshewasreadytodoeverythingandusedallmeanstogetwhatshewant.Everyonewasaladderdesignedforher,sheraisehigherandhigher,bothinmoneyandpower.Onceshedidn’tneedthisperson,shewouldhavenohesitationabandonhim.Dobbindidn’tlikeher,hesaid“whatahurbugthatwomanis!Writchesandtwistsaboutlikeasnake”.Finally,sheturnedfromphoenixestosparrowsastheChineselietosayandbecameanobleman.Shebetrayedherhusbandandabandonherson,destroyedpeople’sfamily,allofthoseforthesakeohherselfish.Shewasastrong-mindenergeticwoman,whileclimbing,butherbehaviormadepeoplechilling.ShewillneverachievehergoalsanddreamsbecauseawomanlikeaBeckycannotfinrealhappinessandjoys.Inthesocietywhichmoneyandpositionaretheonlyvalue.TherearemanypeoplelikeBeckyevenintoday,theyaregreedandself-interest,thereasonofthosepeople’sactionisdeformitycapitalism.Amaliawasanotherheroine.Shewasabeautifulkindandwarmheartedwoman.Thackerayusedlotsofwordstodescribeherbeauty.Forexample,hesaid“Shecouldnotonlysinglikealark,oraMrsBiliogton,anddancelikeHillisbergorParisot,andembroiderbeautifully,andspellaswellasaDictionaryitself”.Inthisnovel,shewasagoodfriend,agoodmotherofherson,aloyaltywifetoherhusband,agooddaughtertoherpatents,butshealsohadlotsofhiddenshortcomings.Thackeraycalledher“aweakworm”.Likeauthorsaid“GeorgeOsbornewasherEurope,heremperorHewashersunandmoon”.Ithadcometothepointwherewecan’tstandherselfishanylonger.Shelikesastraw,ifyoutouchit,itwouldbebroken.Shealwaysprayedifthereisapersonwhocandependonorhelpherdealwiththingswhenshewasintrouble.Shedidn’tknowhowtosolveproblemwithherknowledge.Shewasrelyingonfantasytosurvive,soherentirelifeseemedemptyandlackedoftherealcontent.Fromtheanalysiswecandrawtheconclusionthatthelowerclasswasinthebottomofsociety,theysufferedalotoftosurvive.TheonlythingthattheycandojustasBeckyandAmaliatryingtheirbesttoreachthetopclassorrelyingtheirhusband.CONCLUSION:Wecandrawtheconclusionthatthecorruptionofsocietyhasthreemainreasons.Thefirstone,thehighlydevelopedproductivitywhichpavedthebasisforcorruption.Thesecondreason,therulingclasscorruptthemselves.Thethirdone,thelowclassdidn’thavetherealizationtorevoltthecorruption.ByrevealthereasonofsocialcorruptionthroughVanityFair,wecanseethatnovelreflectedintruththesocialrealities,whenpeoplereadinganovel,theycouldexaminethesocialproblemrevealedbywriter.Likethisnovel,itisnotonlythenovel,itisalsoamirrorofsociety.ItreflectedthecorruptionofEngland,alsosuittoday.Everyonewanttogetmoneyandposition,butsomepeoplehasgreatgreed,andtheydosomethingexceedthelawandmoralline.Thestudyindicatedthatweliveinacomplicatedsociety,andtherearemanyextraneousfactors,ledushavedifferentideasaboutjob,marriageandlife,buthoweverhowworsethecitywelive,howpoorthefamilywehave,howlowthesocialstatuswestay,wemustbehonesttothosepeoplewhogiveusloveandbeappreciatetothosepeoplewhohelpeduswhenweareintrouble.Meanwhile,weshouldtakecareofourselves.Ifyou’relonelywhenyou’realone,you’reinbadcompany.Intheend,Iwanttosayweliveinadevelopingcountry,manyexternalfactorseffectthemarketinthiscountry,andeffectourlife,eveneffectourworld’sview,outlookviewandsenseofworth,soweshouldlearnhowtodealwithmoney,positionwithourlife.Everyonehasrighttocontrolourownlife,themainideaishowtodoit.Bibliography[1](英)威廉·梅克皮斯·萨克雷（W.M.Thackeray）VanityFair外语教学与研究出版社2006[2]贾文浩贾文渊.《名利场》北京燕山出版社2010.5[3]王新春李沙沙。《名利场》的人物分析及主题思想.北京教育学院学报，2005年1月[4]（英）约翰·班扬著，赵沛林陈亚珂译《天路历程》2010,6目录TOC\o"1-2"\h\u9967第一章概论 1209361.1项目名称 1103311.2项目地点 1327001.3区域特点 117921.4建设规模 1114991.5可行性研究范围 272201.6项目估算总投资额 311947第二章项目市场分析 330722.1####县经济发展趋势分析 32