大家说英语空中2012年

空中英语之家

荣誉

PAGE

1

THETARAHUMARA-(2-2)-Mexico's"footrunners"havep theircultureforthousandsofyears

空中英語教室-2012-03-31 [High]

：outfit,supplement,periodically,withstand,zucchini

(Music).o, etoStudioClassroomWorldwide.Thanksforjoiningustoday.MynameisSteve.TheTarahumarapeopleofnorthernMexicoaregreatrunners.Onereasontheyrunisforsurvival.It'sagoodskilltohavewhenhunting,right?TheTarahumararuntocommunicateaswell.InthisageoftheInternetandcellphones,theTarahumarastilluselong-distancerunnerstopasslettersandinformationbetweendistantvillages.Andfinally,theTarahumarapeoplerunforsport.Forthem,it'sfun,andithelpsunifytheirpeople.OK.Todaylet'smoveawayfromrunningandfocusonsomeotheraspectsoftheTarahumaracultureonpage52.TheTarahumara.ButrunningisnottheonlysurvivingpartofTarahumaraculture.Tarahumarawomenstillweartheirtraditionaloutfits:skirtsandbrightlycoloredscarvescalledkoyera,whicharetiedaroundtheirheads.Menoftenwearmodernclothinglikebluens,buttheystillsometimeswearthetraditionalshortskirtwithawidebeltandakoyera.TheTarahumaradietconsistsmostlyofcorn,whichthegrowthemselves.Theyalsogrowbeansandzucchiniforfoodandraisecattle,whichtheyeatonspecialoccasions.Theysupplementtheirdietwithpotatoes,fruit,wildrootsanddeer,whichtheycatchbychasinguntiltheanimalscollapsefromexhaustion.o,friends.ThankyousomuchforjoiningushereinthestudioforthislastdayofMarch.WearefinishinguptalkingabouttheTarahumara.Yes.Yesterdaywestartedtalkingaboutthesepeople,theMexico's"footrunners."Andwesawthattheyneedtorunalotbetweentheirdifferentareaswheretheylive.Andtheyevenenteredinmanydifferentracescominingthattheyweretooshort.That'sright.Well,we'vetalkedalotabouttheirrunning.ButrunningisnottheonlysurvivingpartofTarahumaraculture.There'salotmore.That'sright.Tarahumarawomen,well,theystillweartheirtraditionalclothes.Infact,we'llseewhattheywearhere.Theyhavetheirskirtsandbrightlycoloredscarves.Thoseareallpartoftheiroutfits.That'sright.Sothey'renotjusttraditionalskirtsortraditionalshirts.Theywearanentireoutfit.Nowan"outfit"isthe...allthepiecesofclothingthatyouhaveon.Soweoftenfocuson:"Oh,dothesepantsmatchtheshirt?"Dotheymakeagoodoutfit?Dotheyworkwelltogether?Thatiswhatfashionisabout.Exactly,yeah,makingsureyouroutfitlooksnice.Andtheiroutfitsincluded,wesaw,skirtsandscarves,whicharecalledthekoyera,whicharetiedaroundtheirheads,thosescarves.That'sright.Soweusuallywearscarveswrappedaroundournecks.Thesearespecialscarvescalledkoyera,andtheyarewrappedaroundthehead.Yeah.Andscarvesusuallywewear

aroundournecks,likeyousaid,tokeepuswarminthewinter.Andsoheretheywearthemjustto...becauseitlooksgood.That'sright.Nowtheynotonlyweartheseoutfitsforfestivals,theywearthesetraditionaloutfitsallthetime.Theystillarelasting.Sothewomenholdontotheirtraditionaloutfits,butmenarealittlebitdifferent.Yes.Menoftenwearmodernclothinglikebluens,buttheystillsometimeswearthetraditionalshortskirt.That'sright.Sousuallytheywillwearbluensormodernclothing,buttheysometimeswearthetraditionalskirtwithawildbeltandakoyera.Solikethewomen,they,too,wearthescarfwiththeirbeltandskirt.Yeah.YoucanseepicturesofsomeofthefashionoftheTarahumarapeopleonpage52.That'sright,so.Theyarewearingkoyeras.NowRyan,Ithinkitwouldbeverycooltohaveascarfonmyheadallthetime.Well,Ithinkthatmightactuallylookgoodonyou.I...Idon'tthinkitwouldworkforme,though.ButitdefiniyworksfortheTarahumara.AndI'msureithasalotmorepurposethanjustwarmth.Absoluy.Nowwe'regoingtotakealookatwhattheyactuallyeatthere.WeseetheTarahumaradietconsistsmostlyofcorn,whichtheygrowthemselves.Sotheyeatalotofcorn.NowcornisaverypopularfoodinMexico,andit'seasilygrownonmountainsides.Soitmakessenseforthemtoeatalotofcornintheircommunitiesbecausetheyaremountainpeople.Yeah.Sotheirdietconsistsofthiscorn,whichmeansthecornmakesupmostoftheirdiet.Andtheyalsogrowbeansandzucchiniforfood.Andtheyraisecattle,whichtheyeatonspecialoccasions.Now"zucchini"isalong,skinnyvegetablethatisgreenontheoutside.Andit'skindofum...it's...kindoflookslikeacucumber.Buttheytasteverydifferent.Yeah.Yeah,they'reverydifferentkindsofvegetables.Buttheyeattheseforfoodaswellastheircornandbeans.Butweseetheyalso...theyraisecattle,whichtheyalsoeatsometimesonspecialoccasions.Soyoucan'teatcattleallthetime,orelseyouwouldn'thavemeatanymore.Sotheyuseitforspecialoccasions.Theysupplementtheirdietwithpotatoes,fruit,wildrootsanddeer,whichtheycatchbychasingtheanimalsuntiltheycollapsefromexhaustion.OK.Nowto"supplement"somethingmeanstoaddittomakeitbetter.Sotheyaddthesethingstotheirdietstomakeitbetter.AndIcan'tbelievehowtheycatchdeerbychasingthemuntiltheycollapsefromexhaustion.Nowthatisasport.Iwouldsaymosthuntingisnotmuchofasportwithagun.Youjustshootit.Butthisisasport!Theychaseadeer!Deerrunveryfast.Theychasethedeeruntilthedeercollapsesfromexhaustion.Exactly.Thatmeansthedeerissotireditjustlaysdownbecause...itcan'trunanymore.Yeah.Theycollapseorfalldownfromexhaustionbecausethey'resotired.Andthentheygocatchthedeerforadelicioustreat.AndtheTarahumarapeoplearestillfullofenergy.That'sincredible.Well,let'sgowatcha.After12yearsofdrought,theTarahumaransknowtoowellthepainsofhunger,thirst,disease,desperation.Manyhaveleftseekingsurvivalwherevertheymay.Somemakeittothecities.Butwithouteducationorskill,thesefamiliesfindthemselvestrappedbetweenthemountainstheyloveandthehopelessstreetsor

dumps,iftheymakeitatall.Apeoplethatconnectustoourownpast,aworldaway,yetsomehowsoveryclose.Andsomehow,aswelosethem,apartofallofusdies.Thatiswhy,nowfinally,apeoplewithdreamshaveareasonforhope.Trivanihasagoal.IfTarahumarabasicneedscanbemet,theycanthriveonceagain.YoucanjoinwithaTrivaniFoundationinbuildingwells,irrigationsystemsandotherneeds.It'sassimpleaspurchasingabeautifulTarahumarapackage,orhostingyourownTrivanihumanitariancircle.Withyourhelp,anindigenousculturecansurvive.Theirhopesanddreamscanfinallycometrue.

Ihopeyouallhadagreat eback.Nowinstarkcontrasttotheruggedmountainsinwhichtheyliveandwork,theTarahumaralifeisoftenquitelivelyandcolorful.Let'sfinishupthisarticlenowwithashortdiscussionabouttheTarahumara'sfondnessforgettingtogetherandtheirspeciallovefordancingonline11.TheTarahumara.DancingysaprominentroleinTarahumarasociety.Mostfamilieshostdanceparties,smallandlarge,throughouttheyear.Thedutuburidancefeatureswomendancinginacurvedlineandmenmovingbackwardandforwardinastraightlinefacingthem.Inthepeyotedance,menandwomenfollowtwoleadersindancingaroundafireandperiodicallyshouting.Tarahumaraculturehaswithstoodenormoussocialchangesthroughouthistory,anditmustcontinuetodosoifitistosurviveinthefuture.OK.Well,we'veseenhowtheTarahumarapeopleareincrediblerunners.Theycompeteinracesandcanevencatchdeerbysimplyrunningfasterthanthem.That'sincredible.Andthatmeansthey"outlasted."Thatmeanstheirstaminaisverylarge.Well,runningisn'ttheonlyimportantpartofculture.DancingysaprominentroleinTarahumarasociety.That'strue.Somethingthatis"prominent"is,ofcourse,verypopularorveryimportant.It'skindofthefirstthingyoumightthinkofsometimes.Well,it'ssoimportant,infact,thatmostfamilieshostadanceparty,ordanceparties,allsmall...bothsmallandlarge,throughouttheyear.OK,somanyofthefamiliesliketodance.Andthat,wesee,isofcourseaprominentroleintheTarahumarapeople.Andyoumightusethatphrase"aprominentrole"todescribesomethingthatisimportant.That'sright.Nowit'sexcitingtoseedancesinaboriginalcultures.Allovertheworld,danceisaveryimportantpartofculture.Well,inTarahumarapeople,theyhavesomuchrhythmandsomuchenergyandsomuchloveforlifethattheyneedtodanceallthetime.Theysoundlikefunpeople.Yeah.IthinkI'dlikespendingtimewiththem.Andweseeheretheyusethe...thedutuburidance,whichfeatureswomendancinginacurvedlineandmenmovingbackwardsandforwardinastraightline.Wow!Nowyousaidyou'dliketohangoutwiththem.Doyouthinkyoucouldkeepupwiththem?Well,that'sagoodquestionbecausethephrase"tokeepup"means

tobeasfastassomeonetoo.And,no,Idon'tthinkIcouldkeepupatall.Well,I'dhopetheyjustweredancingwhenIwastherebecauseIcouldnotrunlikethem.Butdancingwiththemwouldbealotoffun.Thisisaninterestingdancetothinkabout.Soifyouimagine,youhavetouseyourimagination:womeninacurvedlinedancingandthen...meninastraightlinedancing...forwardsandbackwardsfacingthemsoitwouldcreateverycooldesigns.Yeah.Thissoundslikeareallyfundance.AnditsoundslikeIcanunderstandwhythesepeoplewouldenjoydancingandmakingitsoprominent.That'sright.Butthat'snottheonlydancetheyhave.That'sright.Theyalsohavethepeyotedancewheremenandwomenfollowtwoleadersanddancingaroundafire.Ooh.Butthat'snotit.Theydancearoundafireand...periodicallyshout.OK.That'salittlebitstrange,Ithink.It'sexciting!Itmightbeexciting,yeah.Ifyoudosomething"periodically,"thatmeansyoudoitsometimesoryoudoitinwhat'scalledregular"intervals."Thatmeansyoustartandstopregularly.OK.Sonotonlyisitfuntodancearoundafire,butthey'redancingwithwomentogether,andthenmentogetherindifferentcirclesandpatternsaroundthefireshouting.Howexcitingisthat!Theyshoutrandomly.Nowthissoundslikethesepeoplehavealotofenergyandalotoffun.Nowlet'stakealookattheInformationStation.Bill,I'mamazedatthedistancestheTarahumarapeopleareabletorun.IlikedhowtwoTarahumararunnersinthe1928Olympicmarathoncominedthatitwastooshort.Wow!Speakingofmarathonsandlongdistancerunning,wecanfindoutmoreaboutthishereat...InformationStation.Bryan,doyouknowwhytheOlympicshavethemarathonrace?Isuredo,Bill.Thename"marathon"comesfromtheGreeklegendofPheidippides.Yes.PheidippideswasamessengerintheGreekarmywaybackin490B.C.That'sright.TheGreekarmywonabattleatacecalledMarathon,soPheidippidesran25toAthenstoreportthevictory.Unfortunay,rightafterhedeliveredthenews,hediedfromexhaustion.Whew.Sothat'swhytheOlympicshavethemarathon.Andsomenationsareexpertsatwinningmarathons.Ethiopianswonthreestraightmarathonsin1960,64and

68.Andguesswhat?ThefirstonewasAbebeBikilawhoranbarefoot.Ouch.Ouch!AndKenyansholdnineofthetenfastestmarathonseverrun.BothKenyansandEthiopiansliveandtrainathighaltitudes.Thenwehaveultramarathons.Theseracescanbe100,orsomeofthemlast24hours.Andtherecordfora24-hourultramarathonisover300kilometers.ButthelongestraceeverheldwastheBunionDerbyin1928.Talkaboutalong-distancerun.ThisracewasfromLosAngelestoNewYorkCity.AndyPaynewastheluckywinnercovering3,455inonly84days.Wooh!Nowthat'swhatIcallamarathon.Well,it'stimeforusto"run."We'llseeyouherenexttimeat...InformationStation.Well,theTarahumaraculturehasallkindsofexcitingpieces:therunningthatisworld-knownaswellastheirfundances,theirtraditionaldressandtheir...interestingwayoflife.Yeah.Theyhaveaveryenergetic,averyfunculture.Andtheirculturehaswithstoodenormoussocialchangesthroughouthistory.Nowto"withstand"something...withstood,

thatmeansitcanwithstand.Thatisthepresenttenseofit.Nowto"withstand"somethingmeanstonotbechangedbythingsaroundit.Yeah.Sotheirculturehasn'tchanged,it'swithstoodchangesthroughouthistory.Andweseethatitmustcontinuetodosoifitistosurviveinthefuture.Well,Ryan,Ithinkthesepeoplearestrongenoughandenergeticenoughandhaveenoughstaminathatwedon'thavetoworryaboutthemdisappearing.Yeah,so...Yeah,theyneedtocontinuetowithstandthischange.AndIthinkthatyou'reright,Kaylah,Ithinktheywill.Andthatway,itwillmeantheycancontinuetosurvive,ortheirculturewillcontinuetosurviveinthefuture.Youknow,maybeonedayyoucanrunanddancewiththeTarahumaras.Ihopeso.Well,it'sbeenfuntalkingaboutthemandtheirexcitingandhighlyenergeticculture.Yes.Let'stakealookattheChatRoom.Excuseme,Bryan.CanIaskyouanadviceaboutsomething?Sure.Whatisit,Ken?Well,youknowmywife'sbirthdayiscomingupnextweek,andIwanttosurpriseherwithaparty.ButIdon'twanttohavethepartyatmyhouse.I'mlookingfora"hoster."Youknow,someonetohosttheparty?Um,Ken,areyoutalkingaboutahostorahostess?Oh.So"hoster"isn'taword?No,it'snot.Weuse"host"and"hostess"instead.Whenwe'retalkingaboutpeoplewhoentert