新教材高中英语UNIT4SHARING教学知识细解码学案新人教版选择性

UNIT4SHARING1．dustn．沙土；灰尘vi.&vt.擦灰→dustyadj.布满灰尘的2．chemistn．化学家；药剂师；药房→chemistryn．化学3．resignvi.&vt.辞职；辞去→resignationn．辞职；辞职信4．prayvi.&vt.企盼；祈祷→prayern．祷告；祈祷5．ripeadj.成熟的；时机成熟的→ripenvt.&vi.成熟，使成熟1．parceln．包裹vt.裹好；打包；分成若干部分①Iamgoingtotaketheparceltothepostofficethisafternoon. n.包裹②Thesalesclerkparceledthecustomer'spurchases. vt.打包③Theyparceledoutthelandintosmallplots. vt.分成若干部分2．mailn．邮件；信件；邮政vt.邮寄；发电邮给①Don'tforgettomailyourmothertheletter. vt.邮寄②Pleaseforwardmymailtome. n．邮件；信件③Ifwewanttosendsomethingtoanotherdepartment，weusethemailsystem. n．邮政3．shadevt.给……遮挡(光线)；加灯罩；把……涂暗n．阴凉处；灯罩；阴影部分①Thesetreesaffordapleasantshade. n．阴凉处②Thisartistuseslightandshadetogoodeffect. n．阴影部分③Abighatshadestheeyes. vt.给……遮挡(光线)4．wrinklevt.&vi.(使脸上)起皱纹；皱起n.皱纹①Theoldman'sfaceiscoveredwithwrinkles. n．皱纹②Shewrinkleduphernoseindistaste. vt.皱起③Theskinonhercheeksandaroundhereyeswasbeginningtowrinkle. vi.(脸上)起皱纹WordsandPhraseseq\a\vs4\al(知识要点1)mailn．邮件；信件；邮政vt.邮寄；发电邮给[教材原句P38]I'vebeendyingtohavesomeofmyfavouritesweets，andit'salwaysnicetogetmail!我一直非常渴望吃一些我最喜欢的糖果，而且收到邮包总是令人开心不已！[例1]I'vejustcomeouttomailsomeletters.我刚出来要寄几封信。[例2]Imailedhimaletteryesterday.昨天我给他邮去一封信。[知识拓展](1)mailsb.sth.＝mailsth.tosb. 给某人邮寄某物mailout 邮寄出去(2)bymail 以邮寄方式[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Theshopmailedthebooktome.②TheschoolsaiditwouldmailoutacceptancelettersonTuesday.③HowmuchdoesitcosttomailaletterinItaly?在意大利寄一封信要多少钱？eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点2)chorusn．合唱曲；合唱团vt.合唱；齐声说[教材原句P38]WhenIreachtheschoolgrounds，I'mgreetedbyachorusof“goodmorning”fromtheboys.我走进校园时，男孩们齐声对我喊“早上好”。[例1]NeverbeforehaveIheardthissongsunginchorus.我从来没有听过这首歌的合唱。[例2]ThepapersallchorusedthepraisesofthePresident.各报都异口同声地对总统表示赞扬。[知识拓展]achorusof 齐声；异口同声inchorus 异口同声[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①“Hello，”theyshoutedinchorus.②Theprofessor'sspeechwaswelcomedwithachorusofpraise.③Hewasmetwithachorusofapplausefromtheaudience.观众齐声对他报以一阵热烈的掌声。eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点3)nottomention更不用说；且不说[教材原句P38]There'snoelectricity，runningwateroreventextbooks，nottomentionlaptops，tablets，orothermoderndevices!那儿没有电，没有自来水，甚至没有课本，更别提笔记本电脑、平板电脑或者别的现代化设备！[例1]Oldfolkandchildrenalikeareallagainsttheproposal，nottomentiontheyouth.老人、小孩都不赞成这个建议，更不用说年轻人了。[例2]Youshouldn'tthinkofafreeday，nottomentionflyingoffforamonth'svacation.你别想有一天的空闲时间，更别说乘飞机去度一个月的假了。[知识拓展]mentionsb./sth.to... 向……提起某人/某物asmentionedabove 如上所述be(not)worthmentioning (不)值得一提Don'tmentionit. 不要客气，不用谢。[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Asmentioned(mention)above，thefunctionofthedeviceiswonderful.②It'snobigdeal；it'snotevenworthmentioning(mention)．③Don'tmentionit．Youshoulddrinksomewaterandgotoliedown.④HementionedtoJohnthathehadseenyousomewhereinjoint.他跟约翰说他以前在某个公共场所见过你。[名师点津]nottomention“更不用说”，相当于一个插入语，但其后所接的词的形式要求与前面的词平行一致，一般用于否定句之后。表达“更不用说”的短语还有：letalone；nottospeakof。Iloveapplepies，nottomentionapples.＝Iloveapplepies，nottospeakofapples.＝Iloveapplepies，letaloneapples.我喜欢苹果派，更不用说苹果了。eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点4)relevantadj.有关的；切题的[教材原句P38]SometimesIwonderhowrelevantchemistryistothesestudents—fewwilleverbecomechemists—andmostwillbegoingbacktotheirvillagesafterYear8anyway.有时，我会想化学对这些学生来说到底有多大的用处——几乎没有人会成为化学家——而且大多数人无论如何在八年级后都要回到自己的村庄。[例]IcompletedtheseniorcoursesofComputerBasics，plusfiverelevantpre­collegecourses.我完成了计算机基础的高等课程，外加五门相关的大学预科课程。[知识拓展](1)berelevantto 与……有关(2)relevancen. 关联；切题have(no)relevanceto 和……(无)有关[即学即练]单句语法填空/一句多译①Youcanwriteanythingrelevant(relevance)solongasit'sinterestingandinformative.②Idon'tthinkwhathesaidisrelevanttothetopicwearediscussing.Hehasmissedthepoint.③这部电影与课堂上正在讨论的事情有关。Thefilmisrelevanttowhatisbeingdiscussedinclass.(relevant)＝Thefilmhasrelevancetowhatisbeingdiscussedinclass.(relevance)＝Thefilmisrelatedtowhatisbeingdiscussedinclass.(relate)＝Thefilmisconnected/associatedwithwhatisbeingdiscussedinclass.(connect/associate)[名师点津]“与……有关”的其他表达形式还有：berelatedto；beconnectedwith；beassociatedwith等。eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点5)shadevt.给……遮挡(光线)；加灯罩；把……涂暗n．阴凉处；灯罩；阴影部分[教材原句P38]AnotherteacherandIwalkedfortwoandahalfhourstogetthere—first，upamountainfromwherewehadfantasticviews，andthendownashadedpathtothevalleybelow.我和另一位老师步行了两个半小时才到达那里。首先，爬上一座山，在山上我们看到了美妙的景色，然后沿着一条树荫遮蔽的小路走到下面的山谷。[例1]I'veheardthat，intheSahara，thereisnoshadeduringtheday，andthestarsseemespeciallybrilliantonclearnights.我听说在撒哈拉，白天没有阴凉之处，在晴朗的夜晚星星看起来格外灿烂。[例2]Therestandsomestudentsinuniformintheshade.阴凉处站着一些穿着校服的学生。[知识拓展](1)intheshade 在阴凉处，阴暗处；默默无闻ashadeof 少许，微微(2)shade...from/against... 给……遮挡……shade...with... 用……遮挡……[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Wewerecompletelyshadedfromthesunbythepoplartrees.②Wesatdownintheshadeofthewall.③Ashadeofdoubtinhervoicemademeafraid.④Itslongbranchesandleavesshadethemfrom/againstthesun.它长长的树枝和树叶为他们遮挡了阳光。eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点6)wrinklevt.&vi.(使脸上)起皱纹；皱起n.皱纹[教材原句P38]Tombe'sfather，Mukap，amanwithastrongjawandawrinkledforehead，ledustohishouse...汤贝的父亲穆卡普，一位下巴结实、额头满是皱纹的男人，把我们带到他的房子前……[例1]Shewrinkledhernoseatthesmell.她闻到这气味就皱起了鼻子。[例2]Herskinwasstillwithoutawrinkle.她的皮肤仍然没有皱纹。[知识拓展](1)wrinkle(up)one'sforehead 皱起额头wrinklewithage 随着年龄皮肤皱起(2)wrinklesinone'sface 脸上的皱纹(3)wrinkledadj. 有皱纹的[即学即练]单句语法填空①Hisfacewaswrinkledwithage.②Alittleoldwomanwithawrinkled(wrinkle)faceasbrownasaberrytoldusourfortunesfortenpence.③Inaddition，sleephasbeenshowntoreducewrinklesinthefaceandneck.[小片段填空]IfsomeT­shirtsarewrinkled，hangtheminthebathroomwhileyoutakeashower.Steamthewrinkles．(wrinkle)eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点7)ripeadj.成熟的；时机成熟的[教材原句P39]Hethenplacedthehotstonesinanemptyoildrumwithkaukau(sweetpotato)，ripecorn，andgreens.接着，他把热石头放入一个空油桶，里面有栲栲(甘薯)、熟玉米和青菜。[例1]ItistheripetimeforChinatomakeabreakthroughinhigh­techfield.中国在高科技领域取得突破的时机已经成熟。[例2]Youcanbetheonewhodirectstheconversationtofuntopicsthatareripeforotherstoaddhumor.你可以把谈话引向有趣的话题，而这些话题已经成熟，可以为其他人增添幽默感。[知识拓展](1)beripefor ……的时机成熟；准备就绪； 即可……；适于……(2)ripenvt.&vi. 成熟，[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①I'mwaitingfortheapplestoripen(ripe)．②Oftenyoudonotnoticethatthetimeisnotyetripeforit.③Tohelpthesefruitsripenfaster，keepthemonthecounterfor2to5days.为了使这些水果成熟得更快，要把他们放在柜台上2至5天。eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点8)dragvt.拖；拽vt.&vi.缓慢而费力地移动[教材原句P39]Mymuscleswereachingandmykneesshakingaswedraggedourselvesdownthemountaintowardshome.当我们拖着沉重的步伐下山回家时，我浑身肌肉酸痛，双膝颤抖。[例1]Ihavetodragmyselfoutofbedeachday.我每天都不得不迫使自己从床上爬起来。[例2]Theclimbersdraggedalongthedriedriverbedtofindashade.攀爬者沿着干旱的河床慢慢前行寻找阴凉处。[知识拓展]dragin 把……拉进来；硬把(某人)拉进(某事)dragon 拖延；使拖延；拖长(声调、字眼等)dragoneselfalong (慢吞吞地)拖着脚走dragup 拉上，拔出；故意提起(不愉快的往事)drag...outof... 把……从……中拖出来[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Therewasnoneedtodragupthetimehespentinprison.②Thechildrenaresobusyplayingthattheydon'twanttheirdinner；you'llhavetodragthemin．③Themeetingdraggedonformorethantwohours.④Theself­disciplineisrequiredtodragmyselfoutofbedelevenminutesearlierthanusual.我需要这种自律——比平时早11分钟把自己从床上拽起来。【熟词生义】Someoldthoughtsmayactasadragonthedevelopmentofthesociety.一些旧思想可能会阻碍了社会的发展。eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点9)privilegen．特权；优惠待遇v．给予特权；特别优待[教材原句P39]ItwassuchaprivilegetohavespentadaywithTombe'sfamily.与汤贝一家共度了一日，真是一种荣幸。[例1]Educationshouldnotbeaprivilegeinthemodernsociety，foreveryonehastherighttodoso.在现代社会，教育不应该是一种特权，因为每一个人都有权利接受教育。[例2]It'ssuchaprivilegetobeapartofthesekids'lives.能够成为这些孩子生活中的一部分那也是一种特权。[知识拓展](1)Itisaprivilegetodosth. 做某事是一种殊荣。havetheprivilegetodo/ofdoingsth. 有特权做某事(2)privilegedadj. 有特权的；受特别优待的beprivilegedtodosth. 有幸做某事[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①It'saprivilegetomeet(meet)you；I'dliketointroducemyself.②Weareprivileged(privilege)towelcomeyouasourspeakerthisevening.③Ladiesandgentlemen，Ihavethegreatprivilegeofintroducing/tointroduceourspeakerforyoutonight.女士们、先生们，我很荣幸地向大家介绍今晚的发言人。SentencePatternseq\a\vs4\al(重点句式1)before引导时间状语从句[教材原句P38]TheotherdayIwasshowingtheboysachemistryexperimentwhen，beforeIknewit，themixturewasbubblingoutofthetesttubespillingeverywhere!几天前，我正在给男孩们演示一个化学实验，我还没有反应过来，突然混合物就冒着泡从试管中涌出，酒得到处都是！句式分析：句中before引导时间状语从句，意为“没来得及”。另外before除了其基本意思“在……之前”以外，还可以表示“(……之后)才；以免；免得”之意。[例1]Itwillbesometimebeforeweknowthefullresults.还要过一些时间我们才能知道全部结果。[例2]ThemagazinewassnatchedfrommyhandbeforeIcouldreadit.我还没来得及看那期杂志，它就被从我手里抢走了。[知识拓展](1)“Itwas＋时间段＋before...”表示“过了多久才……”。从句常用一般过去时。(2)“Itwasnotlongbefore...”意为“不久就……”。从句常用一般过去时。(3)“Itwillnotbelongbefore...”表示“不久就会……”。从句常用一般现在时。(4)“Itwillbe＋时间段＋before...”表示“要过多久才……”。从句常用一般现在时。[即学即练]完成句子①Ifyoumissthischance，itwillbeyearsbeforeyougetanotherone.如果你错过了这次机会，可能需要很多年你才能再获得一次。②Itwon'tbelongbeforewegetusedtothenewschoollife.不久我们就会习惯新的学校生活。③Itwasthreedaysbeforehecameback.过了三天他才回来。④Itwasalongtimebeforesherecoveredfromtheoperation.很长一段时间后她才从手术中康复。eq\a\vs4\al(重点句式2)doubtwhether...怀疑；不相信[教材原句P38]Tobehonest，IdoubtwhetherI'mmakinganydifferencetotheseboys'livesatall.说实话，我怀疑我是否能对这些男孩们的生活有什么影响。句式分析：句中doubt用作动词，意为“怀疑，不相信”。在肯定句中doubt后面的从句由whether/if引导。[例1]Idoubtwhetherheisingoodfaith.我怀疑他是否有诚意。[例2]Idoubtwhetheryourprocedurewouldbeconsideredregularbyauthorities.我怀疑当局是否会认为你的手续合乎规定。[知识拓展](1)Thereis(some)doubt之后常接whether引导的从句，表“怀疑是否会……”；thereisnodoubt后常接that引导的从句，表示“对……毫不怀疑”。(2)doubt用作动词时，意为“怀疑，不相信”。在肯定句中doubt后面的从句由whether/if引导；在疑问句或否定句中doubt后面的从句由that引导。[即学即练]单句语法填空/一句多译①Thereisnodoubtthatmoreandmorepeopleprefershoppingonlinenowadays.②Thereissomedoubtwhetherhewillpassthefinalexam.③Idoubtwhether/ifhewillbeopposedtotheidea.＝Ihavesomedoubtwhetherhewillbeopposedtotheidea.我怀疑他是否会反对这一想法。④Idon'tdoubtthatmydaughterwillhaveabrightfuture.＝Ihavenodoubtthatmydaughterwillhaveabrightfuture.我毫不怀疑我的女儿会有光明的未来。1．[教材原句P38]Ittookabouttwoweekstoarrive，anditwasabitdamaged，butitwassonicetogetsomesweetsandjamfromhome；I'vebeendyingtohavesomeofmyfavouritesweets，andit'salwaysnicetogetmail![分析]句中but连接表示转折关系的并列句，其中and连接表示顺承关系的并列句，it为形式主语，它们真正的主语分别为后面的动词不定式短语togetsomesweetsandjamfromhome和togetmail。[译文]大约花了两周的时间包裹才到达，而且有点破损，但是真高兴能收到家里寄来的一些糖果和果酱；我一直非常渴望吃一些我最喜欢的糖果，而且收到邮包总是令人开心不已！2．[教材原句P38]Thereisnoequipment，andsincethereisn'tevenawashroom，ifIneedwaterIhavetocarryitfrommyhouseinabasin![分析]句中and连接表示顺承关系的并列句，sincethereisn'tevenawashroom为since引导的原因状语从句，ifIneedwater为if引导的条件状语从句。[译文]这里没有设备，甚至连洗手间都没有。如果需要水，我得用盆子从我的房子里端来！教材高考1.I'vebeendyingtohavesomeofmyfavouritesweets，andit'salwaysnicetogetmail！(2021·浙江卷)You'vegotmail...andit'sapostcard2.AnotherteacherandIwalkedfortwoandahalfhourstogetthere—first，upamountainfromwherewehadfantasticviews，andthendownashadedpathtothevalleybelow.(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)Hepassedmilkywhitewaterfallsandmountainsinmanyshadesofblue.3.Ittakesmeonlyafewminutestowalktoschooldownadustytrackcoveredinweeds.(2020·天津卷)It'sbeenyearssincetheyweredustylittleroomswithbooks.4.Unlikestudentsinourcountry，theseboysdonotwearcottonuniforms，andmanyofthemalsohavetowalkalongway，sometimesforuptotwohours，justtogettoschool.(2019·浙江卷)Thereareseveralreasonswhyschooluniformsaregoodidea.5.Suchhousingisdarkinsidesoittooktimeforoureyestoadjust.(2019·浙江卷)Housingdevelopmentpushedintothewoods.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Apostmanisamanemployedtodeliverlettersandparcels(parcel).2．Lastyear，hemailed(mail)thedocumentstoFrenchjournalists.3．Hestoodanddusted(dust)downhissuitandfoldedtheletteraway.4．Theyarealluniforminsizeandshape.5．Medicalopinionvariesonhowmanytablets(tablet)ittakestooverdose.6．Thetwochemists(chemist)sharedtheNobelPrize.7．Ididindeedlookolderandmorewrinkled(wrinkle)thanever.8．Hewasshaded(shade)fromthesunbythepurewhiteroyalumb