北京市东城区2022-2023学年高二下学期期末考试英语试卷

东城区2022-2023学年度第二学期期末统一检测高二英语2023.7本试卷共10页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分知识运用(共三节，40分)第一节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。JeremyLocke,whoownsaroofingandconstructioncompany,hadalwaysbeenwantingto1theroofofJeanetteMacDonald’shome.Wheneverhedrovepastthewoman’shome,he2thatanothergroupofrepairmenhadtakenonthejob.Butasweeksworeon,theroofcontinuedtoworsenwithoutany3ofrepair.“Ihaditinmymindthatifnoonestepsuptohelpthisladyinourcommunity,I’dloveto,”saidLocketohiswife.WhenLockefinally4MacDonaldaboutfixingherroofforfree,however,shepolitelyturnedhimdownbecauseshedidnotliketoaccept5.ShetoldLocke,“Iappliedforagovernmentgrant(补助金)tofixtheroofandI’llbemorethanhappyto6youoncethegrantapplicationwasapproved”.7,theapprovalnevercame.SoLockechangedtactics(策略).Thesympatheticconstructionworkerplayeda/an8tricktomakeheraccepthishelp.HeinvitedMacDonaldtoenteraraffle(抽奖)thathisbusinesswasholdingforafreeroof.AfterMacDonaldgotoneoftheraffletickets,Locketoldherthatshewasthe9.NotuntilthenewroofwasfinisheddidMacDonaldknowthatshewastheonlyonewhohadenteredtheraffle.MacDonaldsaidthatshedidn’tknowhowtoexpressher10toLocke,sayingthathewasher“guardianangel”.1.A.design B.repair C.decorate D.construct2.A.announced B.acknowledged C.assumed D.appreciated3.A.signs B.hope C.means D.need4.A.wentalongwith B.kepttrackof C.lookedoutfor D.reachedoutto5.A.charity B.apologies C.advice D.invitations6.A.award B.thank C.trace D.hire7.A.Unknowingly B.Naturally C.Unfortunately D.Gradually8.A.unpleasant B.innocent C.mean D.cheap9.A.joiner B.owner C.helper D.winner10.A.gratitude B.generosity C.sympathy D.blessing第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。AIn2013,alotofpeoplewereshockedbyanewsphotoofadeadpolarbearthat11(find)onNorway’sArcticislandofSvalbard,farfromitshabitat.Allthatremainedofthepoorbearwere“skinandbones”.Expertsclaimedthatlowseaicelevels12(cause)byclimatechangemeantthebearcouldnothuntsealsasbefore,soithadtotravelgreaterdistancesinordertofindfood.This13(alarm)caseshowedhowtheincreaseintemperaturehadanimpactonEarth’secology.BDeanSchneiderleaveshislifeinSwitzerlandbehindandgoestoAfrica14(pursue)hispassionandmaketheworldabetterplace.Hewasalwaysfascinatedbytheanimalworldsincehewasachild.Thatis15hedecidedtoformaclubtohelplionsbornincaptivity(圈养).Thenameoftheclubis“HakunaMipaka”—aSwahiliexpressionmeaning“nolimits”.ItdevelopsfromfivecorevaluesthatDeantrieshardtofollow:16(free),loyalty,appreciation,brotherhood,andboldness.CConstructionoftheTowerofPisabeganin117317Pisawasacenterofpowerandwealth.Butworkwasstoppedseveraltimesbecauseofwars.Theeight-storytowerwasnotcompleteduntilthelate1200s.Thetoweritselfismadeofmarble(大理石)and18(weigh)16,000tons.However,theleaningofthetowerwasnotforitsweights19forthesoilunderneath.Thegroundis20(soft)ononesidethanontheother.Thesouthsidehassunk6.1feetbelowgroundlevelinthepastcenturies.Thenorthsidehassunk12.3feet!第三节(共4小题；每小题2.5分，共10分)根据中文意思和括号内所给的提示词，翻译下面句子。请在答题卡指定区域作答。21.在美国最受欢迎的中国菜是“左宗棠鸡”，它在油炸的鸡肉上淋上甜酱，再佐以煽炒过的红辣椒制成。(consistof)America’smostpopularChinesedishisGeneralTao’schicken,______friedchickencoveredinasweetsauce,flavouredwithhotredpeppers.22.警察问登山者为什么在遇到危险时他们延迟发出求救信息。(delay,send)Thepolicemanaskedtheclimbers______SOSmessageswhenindanger.23.这些图片是水墨动画电影的代表。你看过这些电影吗?(representative)Thesepictures______inkwashanimationfilms.Haveyouseenanyofthembefore?24.防止网络游戏控制青少年的生活至关重要。(prevent)Itisessential______fromdominatingateenager’slife.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，28分)第一节(共9小题；每小题2分，共18分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AHaveyoueverfantasizedabouthoweasylifewouldbewithapersonalassistanttakingcareofallthe“littledetails”?Nowadays,youcangetlotsoftheadvantagesofanAIassistantrightonyourphoneorcomputer.Usinganyoftheseappswillhelpyouimproveyourefficiencyandproductivitywithasingleclick—whetheryouareatworkoratcollege,oranythingelseinbetween.SogoforthanddownloadthebestAIassistants:

Utter.AIIfyou’vebeenlookingforabettercompaniontohelpyouwithtakingnotesduringmeetingsorlectures,Utter.AIistherightone.Utter.AIisanintelligent-dictationappwhichnotonlytakesnotesandrecordstheaudiobutalsotranscribesthetextandhasahighlightsummary.Theappoffersupto600minutesforfreeandhasanUtterProsubscriptionfor$8.33/month.

NoundNoundistheperfectvoiceassistantresearchingtoolyouneed.Itdoesn’tjustallowyoutosearchforthenearestsubway,orwhattheweatherwillbelike,withafurtherquestionortwoyoucangetmorein-depthresults.Somereviewsclaimit’sthefastestandmostintelligentappofitskind.Noundisafreeapp,butfor$6.99youcaneliminate(清除)in-appadsandusesomeextrafeatures.

StayFocusdStayFocusdisafreebrowserextensionthatimprovesyourproductivitybyblockingthosedistractingwebsitesthatstopyoufromworkingorstudying.Itgivesyoutotalcontrolwiththeabilitytoblockwebsiteseitherbytimeanddate,orbytimelimit.StayFocusdisafreeChromeextension.

EasilyDoEasilyDoofferspersonalassistantservicesfocusedoncommunications.Withjustafewclicksyoucancustomizeyouremailnotifications,backupimportantmessages,organizeyourcontacts,havejunkandexpiredemailsautomaticallydeleted,andcollectattachmentsandreceiptsintoone,fast-accesslocation.

Time.AIBeforeyoucanimproveyourproductivityhabits,youneedtoknowwhereyou’respendingyourtime.Time.AIdoesexactlythat.Itrecordshowmuchtimeyou’respendingonthedifferentappsandwebsites.Onceithasafullreportitwillshowyouyourstatisticsandtellyouwhenyou’vebeenproductiveandwhenyouhaven’t.Withthereport,youcansetdaily“FocusWork”goalsanditwillkeeptrackofittomakesureyou’redoingtheworkyouwanttodo.Time.AIgivesyoua30-dayfreetrialandwillgiveyouaspecialpricedependingonyouruniqueneeds.25.Whichofthefollowingcanofferhelptolocateanidealhotel?A.Utter.AI. B.Nound. C.StayFocusd. D.EasilyDo.26.“Time.AI”istohelpyou______.A.takenotes B.understandyourneedsC.keepfocused D.detailyourdailyroutine27.Thepassageiswrittento______.A.emphasizetheimportanceofAIassistantsB.recommendsomeAI-poweredappsC.offeradvicetopersonalassistantsD.explainthewayappsworkBInthemiddleofSanFrancisco’sGoldenGatePark,AmandaBarrowscarefullyplacedawoodennightstand(床头柜)ontheground.Sheattachedasignreading,“Takeapoem,leaveapoem.”“It’scompletelyunexpected,”saidBarrows,aparkranger(管理员)bydayandapoetbynight.“I’mreallytakenabackbytheoutpouringofsupport.”Barrowshasalwaysconsideredherselfawriter,sosheenrolledinaclasscalledPoetryforthePeople.Thefinalprojectoftheclassistofindawayto“bringpoetryintothecommunity”.Atfirst,Barrowsstruggledtolandonanidea.Eventually,sherealizedthatshecouldfuseherloveforparksandherloveforpoetry.AcoworkergaveBarrowsaweatherednightstand.Shethoughtitwouldbetheperfecttoolforherproject.Shefilledthedraweratthetopwithfreshpaperandpensandaddedaboxatthebottomforpoems.Togettheballrolling,sheaskedherclosefriendstoaddtheirfavoritepoemstothedrawerforpeopletotakeaway.ThepoetrynightstandremindedherofLittleFreeLibraries.Thatprojectfeaturesbookstandsstationedacrossthecity.Peoplecanleaveandtakebooksfromlittlelibraries.Sheonlyhadasinglenightstandtoworkwith,soBarrowsdecidedthatshewouldleaveitinaparkforfourdaysbeforemovingittoanewlocation.SanFrancisco’sRecreationandParkDepartmentmanagesabout220parks,andBarrow’sgoalistobringthepoetrynightstandtoallofthem.Sincetheprojectstarted,peoplehaveaddedawiderangeofwriting.Barrowssharesmostofthesubmissionsonsocialmedia.Someareclearlycomposedbykids,whileothersaremorerefined.Peoplehavealsowrittenpoemsinvariouslanguages.“Ilovetoseedifferentpeople’shandwritingandsharetheirpersonalwords,”Barrowssaid.TheinstructorsofPoetryforthePeoplesaidthenightstandfulfilledthemainpurposeoftheproject.Otherstudentsintheclasswrotepoetryonsidewalkswithchalk.Anothergaveoutpoemsdisguisedasparkingtickets.TaneaLunsfordLynx,aguestinstructorfortheclass,saystheprojectis“aninvitationtoslowdown”.Shebelievesthattheold-fashionednightstandstandsoutinacitythatisfilledwithnewtechnology.Barrowssayssheintendsto“keepthisgoingindefinitely,”andshehopesotherswillbuildofftheprojectandcontributetheirowncreativity.“Itreallyisacommunityproject,”Barrowssaid.“Itbelongstoallofus.”28.WhydidBarrowsputthenightstandinthepark?A.Tosharepoetrysubmissions. B.TofollowLittleFreeLibraries.C.Toadvertiseapoetryclass. D.Tocompletearequiredtask.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“fuse”inParagraph4probablymean?A.Combine. B.Reveal. C.Strengthen. D.Clarify.30.WhatdoweknowaboutBarrow’sproject?A.Ithasinvolved220parks. B.Itispopularonsocialmedia.C.Itimprovespeople’shandwriting. D.Itmakespoetryreachmorepeople.COverlytechnicallanguageinsciencearticlesdoesn’tjustmuddythewatersfornon-experts—itcanalienatereaders,potentiallyshuttingthemoutfromscientificdiscussionandknowledge.That’stheconclusionofastudypublishedintheJournalofLanguageandSocialPsychology,anditappliestogeneral-interestarticlesjustasmuchastoscientificpapers.“Whenwehaveahardtimeconceptualizinginformation,webecomereallyscaredofit,”saysleadauthorHillaryShulman,acommunicationresearcher.Scientistscancreate“unnecessarybarriers”withwords,shesays.Thestudyinvolved650membersofthegeneralpublicwhoreadparagraphsonthreecutting-edgetopics:self-drivingcars,roboticsurgeryand3Dbio-printing.Themembersaredividedintotwogroups:fortheexperimentalgroup,theparagraphswereloadedwithjargonterms(行业术语),suchas“remoteergonomicconsole”;forthecontrolgroup,theparagraphswerewrittenwithwordsthatarefamiliartomostreaders,suchas“separatecontrolpanel”.Afterreadingthepassages,thestudyparticipantsratedtheirexperienceinaseriesofquestionnaires.Thosewhoreadjargon-filledparagraphsweremorelikelytosaythattheyhaddifficultyunderstandingthelanguageandtheinformation.Theywerealsosignificantlymorelikelytosaythattheyweren’tgoodatscience,andlesslikelytosaythattheywouldseekoutinformationonthetopicinthefuture.Someoftheparticipantswhoreadthejargon-heavytextreceivedlinkstodefinitionsoftechnicalterms,butthatdidn’treducetheirfrustrationsorenhancetheirfeelingsofunderstanding.Scientistscanlearntocutbackontheiruseoftechnicallanguagewhentalkingtopeoplewhoarenotresearchers,saysAyeletBaram-Tsabari,ascience-communicationresearcher.Sheco-authoredaJanuarystudyshowingthatscientistswithmediatrainingcanwritearticlesthatarejustasengagingaspieceswrittenbyprofessionaljournalists.“Avoidingjargonisafundamentalpartofthat,butit’snotthewholestory,”shesays.Toreallyconnectwiththepublic,sherecommendsthatscientiststellastorythat’srelevanttotheaudience.Membersofthepublicaren’ttheonlyoneswhocanbeturnedoffbyjargon,Shulmansays.Studentscanbe,too.“Iteachaclasswith400undergrads,”shesays.“Whenyou’retrainingpeople,youcanintroducejargonwithalittlemoresensitivity.You’retryingtoinvitethemintotheenvironment.”Ofcourse,technicalwordsstillhaveanimportantfunctioninscience.Shulman’spaperisitselfheavilyloadedwithtermssuchas“metacognition”and“self-schema”.“Theironyofthatisnotlostonme,”shesays.“Whenitcomestoscientificliterature,youcan’tgetanythingpublishedunlessit’sfullofjargon.Scientistswanttospeaktootherscientistsinthemostprecisewaypossible.”31.Inthestudy,participantsintheexperimentalgroupprobablyfindthemselves______.A.lackinginelementaryreadingskillsB.uninterestedinreadingdefinitionsofjargonC.incompetenttodealwithcomplexinformationD.notconfidentaboutgraspingnewsciencetopics32.AccordingtoBaram-Tsabari,scientistshadbetter______.A.publicizescienceinamoreaccessiblewayB.receivethetrainingforprofessionaljournalistsC.limitjargonincommunicationwitheachotherD.conductextensiveresearchrelatedtothepublic33.WhatdoesShulmanthinkofusingjargoninherpaper?A.Disadvantageous. B.Shameful.C.Unavoidable. D.Tricky.第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Doyoufeellikeyoucanrememberthingsbetterwhenyouactivelyengagewiththeinformationandcreateyourownversionofit?34Thisphenomenonhasimportantimplicationswhenitcomestounderstandinghowpeoplelearn.Testsonthegenerationeffectshowthatwhenusersencounteralistofwordspresentedintheformoffragments(片段),theywillengageseveralareasofthebraintocreatewordstofillintheblanks.35Researchersbelievethisisbecauseofthedeeperlevelofcognitive(认知的)engagementinvolvedintheprocessofcreatingnewwords.Teachersandinstructorsneedtobeawareoftherolethegenerationeffectcanplayintheclassroom.Studentswhojustreceivewrittenmaterialtheycanreadmaynotunderstanditasfullyasstudentswhoengagewithitbytakingnotes,completingwritingexercises,andsoforth.36Ratherthangivingstudentsalistofcorrectlyspelledwordsandaskingthemtomemorizeit,theteachercanaskstudentstocompleteworksheetswheretheymustfillinblankstospellthewords.37Ifastudentsimplyreadsatextbook,he/shewillnotabsorbtheinformationaswellaswhenhe/shetakesnotesandrecreateschartsandothermaterialspresentedinthebook.Studentspreparingforanexaminationmayfindithelpfultowriteoutmaterialfromthetext,rephrasingintheirownwordsasappropriatetomakesuretheyfullyunderstandthematerial.38Inaword,itallboilsdowntoactivelearningversuspassivelearning.Spendingafewminutesactivelyproducingcontentmayjustbethethingyouweremissinginyourlearningroutine.A.That’scalledtheGenerationEffect.B.Forstudents,thegenerationeffectcanalsobeimportant.C.Whentheyareaskedtorepeatthelistlater,theirrecallwillbebetter.D.Acommonexampleofthegenerationeffectcanbeseeninspellinglessonsforyoungstudents.E.Thesimpleactofwritingcantrigger(激发)thegenerationeffectandhelpthestudentsperformbetteronexaminations.F.Theywillfindthatactivelyusingnewinformationmaycreaterelationshipsbetweentasksinexaminations.G.Theprocessofgeneratingcontentmayinitiatesomeparticularencoding(编码)processesthatdonothappenwhensimplyreading.第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分)第一节(共4小题；第39题2分，第40题2分，第41题3分，第42题5分，共12分)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。THEGROWINGPROBLEMOFE-WASTETheterme-wasteisshortfor“electronicwaste”.Itreferstoelectricalorelectronicproductsthatarethrownawaywhentheyarenolongerneeded.Theseincludecomputers,televisions,ovens,andbasicallyanythingelsethatrunsonbatteriesorhasanelectricalcord.E-wastehasbeenaproblemsincethe1970sbecauseofhowdifficultitistoseparatethingslikemetalandplasticfromvariousproducts.Also,manyelectronicscontaintoxicmaterialsthatcanpollutetheenvironmentifleftinlandfills.Overthepastfewdecades,theproblemofe-wastehasonlyincreasedalongwithadvancementsintechnology.E-wasteisnowthefastest-growingwastestreamaroundtheworld.Thetotalamountofe-wastecreatedeveryyearisexpectedtoreach74milliontonsbytheyear2030.Currently,it’sestimatedthatonlyabout17percentofglobale-wasteisproperlyrecycled.However,theUnitedNationshopestobringthatnumberupto30percentbytheendof2023.Withmorepeopleusingsmartphonesandcomputerseveryyear,theproblemofe-wastecannotbeignored.Toincreasetherecyclingrateofe-wasteitems,citiesshouldconsideraddingspecialcollectionboxesatgrocerystoresorgovernmentoffices.There