译汉全真试题及详解00年

Unit （2000年ernmentsthroughouttheworldactontheassumptionthatthewelfareoftheirpeopledependslargelyontheeconomicstrengthandwealthofthecommunity.（71）Undermodernconditions，thisrequiresvaryingmeasuresofcentralizedcontrolandhencethehelpofspecializedscientistssuchaseconomistsandoperationalresearchexperts.（72）Furthermore，itisobviousthatthestrengthofacountry’seconomyisdirectlyboundupwiththeefficiencyofitsagricultureandindustry，andthatthisinturnrestsupontheeffortsofscientistsandtechnologistsofallkinds.Italsomeansthaternmentsareincreasinglycompelledtointerfereinthesesectorsinordertostepupproductionandensurethatitisutilizedtothebestadvantage.Forexample，theymayencourageresearchinvariousways，includingthesettingupoftheirownresearchcenters;theymayalterthestructureofeducation，orinterfereinordertoreducethewastageofnaturalresourcesortapresourceshithertounexploited;ortheymaycooperatedirectlyinthegrowingnumberofinternationalprojectsrelatedtoscience，economicsanyindustry，Inanycase，allsuchinterventionsareheavilydependentonscientificadviceandalsoscientificandtechnologicalmanpowerofallkinds.（73）Owingtotheremarkabledevelopmentin feelingnewwantsandarebeingexposedtonewcustomsandideas，whileernmentsareoftendtointroducestillfurtherinnovationsforthereasonsgivenabove.Atthesametime，thenormalrateofsocialchangethroughouttheworldistakingceatavastlyacceleratedspeedcomparedwiththepast.Forexample（74）intheearlyinindustrializedcountriesofEuropetheprocessofindustrialization—withallthefar-reachingchangesinsocialpatternsthatfollowed—wasspreadovernearlyacentury，whereasnowadaysadevelonationmayundergothesameprocessinadecadeorso.Allthishastheeffectofbuildingupunusualpressuresandtensionswithinthecommunityandconsequentlypresentsseriousproblemsfortheernmentsconcerned.（75）Additionalsocialstressesmayalsooccurbecauseofthepopulationexplosionorproblemsarisingfrommassmigrationmovements—themselvesmaderelativelyeasynowadaysbymodernmeansoftransport.Asaresultofallthesefactorsernmentsare ingincreasinglydependentonbiologistsandsocialscientistsfornningtheappropriateprogramsandputtingthemintoeffect.Unit Undermodernconditions,thisrequiresvaryingmeasuresofcentralizedcontrolandhencethehelpofspecializedscientistssuchaseconomistsandoperationalresearchUndermodernconditions,thisrequiresvaryingmeasuresofcentralizedcontrol/andhencethehelpofspecializedscientists/suchaseconomistsandoperationalresearchexperts.主干结构是一个带双宾语的简单句：thisrequiresvaryingmeasuresof...andhencehelpUndermodernconditions在现代条件下；requires需要；varyingmeasures（程度）不同的措施；centralizedcontrol控制，调控；andhence因此，从而；specializedscientists专门科学家，专家；operationalresearchexperts运行研究专家，运Furthermoreitisobviousthatthestrengthofacountry'seconomyisdirectlyboundupwiththeefficiencyofitsagricultureandindustry,andthatthisinturnrestsupontheeffortsofscientistsandtechnologistsofallkinds.Furthermoreitisobvious/thatthestrengthofacountry'seconomyisdirectlyboundupwiththeefficiencyofitsagricultureandindustry,/andthatthisinturnrestsupontheeffortsofscientistsandtechnologistsofallkinds.itisobviousthatandthat...形式主语和两个主语从句。2）that从句都是简单的主谓宾结构句。Furthermore再者，另外；itisobviousthat（固定译法）显而易见的是；thestrengthofacountry'seconomy一个国家的经济实力；isdirectlyboundupwith与……直接（密切）相关；theefficiencyofitsagricultureandindustry工农业生产效率；inturn反过来restsupon有赖于，取决于；scientistsandtechnologistsofallkinds各种科技人员，所有73）Owingtotheremarkabledevelopmentin munications,peopleeverywherearefeelingnewwantsandarebeingexposedtonewcustomsandideas,whileOwingtotheremarkabledevelopmentinmunications,peopleeverywherearefeelingnewwants/andarebeingexposednewcustomsandideas,/whileernmentsareoftendtointroducestillfurtherinnovations/forthereasonsgivenabove.主干结构是：原因状语Owingto...,peoplearefeeling...andarebeing...,ernmentsareoftendto...句子结构中while是个，表示对比关系，汉语意第一个主句中有两个现在进行时的并列谓语arefeeling...andarebeing...4）forthereasonsgivenaboveowingto因为，由于；munications大众通讯；peopleeverywhere所有的人，各地的人；newwants新的需求（要求，需要；beingexposedto接触到，感受到customsandideas习俗和思想；introduce推出，采取，施行；innovations革新，革新措施；forthereasonsgivenabove由于上述原因intheearlyindustrializedcountriesofEuropetheprocessofindustrialization-withallthefar-reachingchangesinsocialpatternsthatfollowed-wasspreadovernearlyacentury,intheearlyindustrializedcountriesofEurope/theprocessofindustrialization-withallthefar-reachingchangesinsocialpatternsthatfollowed-wasspreadovernearlyacentury,/whereasnowadaysadevelonationmayundergothesameprocessinadecadeorso.theprocessofindustrialization...wasspreadovernearlyacentury,whereas...whereas"而"，表示对比。processsocialpatterns后面thatfollowed是一个定语从句。spreadover和意思相近，thesameprocesstheprocessofindustrializedcountries工业化国家；theprocessofindustrialization工业化进程，工业化过程；with...thatfollowed随……而来的，以及；far-reachingchanges深刻的，影响深远的变化；socialpatterns社会结构；spreadover持续，延续；nearlyacentury大约（将近、几乎）一个世纪；adevelonation一个发展中国家；undergo经历；inadecadeorso10年左右的时间社会结构持续了大约一个世纪，而如今一个发展中国家在10年左右的时间内就可Additionalsocialstressesmayalsooccurbecauseofthepopulationexplosionorproblemsarisingfrommassmigrationmovements-them