汉英沉积学常用词汇

附录汉英沉积学常用词汇（按汉语拼音顺序）A岸礁coastal（shore）reef凹岸outerbank凹陷depression／sag拗拉谷/裂陷槽aulacogen白垩chalk白云母muscovite白云石dolomite白云岩dolostone/dolomitite/dolomite白云岩化作用dolomitization斑点构造mottledstructure斑礁patchreef斑脱岩bentonite搬运作用transportation板状交错层理tabularcrossbedding半深海hemipelagic半深海相bathyalfacies包卷层理convolutelamination堡礁（障壁礁）barrierreef抱球虫软泥globigerinaooze鲍马序列Boumasequence暴露构造exposedstructure被动大陆边缘passivecontinentalmargin边滩（点沙坝）pointbar辫状河河道braidedchannel辫状河流braidedriver（stream）辫状河三角洲braiddelta标志层keybed标准偏差standarddeviation表面结构surfacetexture表皮鲕superficialoolith表生成岩作用epidiagenesis表生作用epigenesis滨海相littoralfacies滨面shoreface滨外offshore滨线shoreline冰雹痕（雹痕）hailstoneimprint/hailprint冰川glacier冰川相glacialfacies冰海沉积物glacier-marinesediment冰海环境glaciomarineenvironment冰湖morainelake/icelake冰碛（沉积）物till冰碛相morainefacies冰碛岩tillite冰水沉积outwash波长wavelength波峰wavecrest波高waveheight波谷wavehollow波痕ripple/ripplemark波痕对称指数ripplesymmetricalindex（RSI）波痕指数rippleindex（RI）波状层理wavebedding／wavybedding剥离线理partinglineation不等粒inequigranular不对称波痕asymmetricalripple不对称浪成波痕asymmetricalwaveripple不整合unconformity残积相eluvialfacies槽痕flute槽模flutecasts槽状交错层理troughcrossbedding侧向沉积作用lateralsedimentation测井沉积学well-loggingsedimentology测井相electrofacies层bed层理构造beddingstructures层流laminarflow层面构造beddingplanestructures层系（单层）bed/set层系组（层组）bedset/coset/formset层序地层学sequencestratigraphy长石feldspar长石砂屑岩arkosicarenite长石砂岩arkose／feldsparsandstone长石杂砂岩feldspathicgreywacke长石质岩屑砂岩feldspathiclitharenite潮道tidalchannel潮间带intertidalzone潮控三角洲tidal-dominatedelta潮坪tidalflat潮坪相tidalflatfacies潮上带supratidalzone潮上带supratidalzone/epilittoralzone潮汐层理tidalbedding潮汐三角洲tidaldelta潮下带subtidalzone沉积地质学sedimentarygeology沉积动力学sedimentarydynamics沉积分异作用sedimentarydifferentiation沉积构造sedimentarystructure沉积后作用postdeposition沉积环境sedimentaryenvironment沉积模式sedimentarymodel沉积盆地sedimentarybasin沉积体系sedimentarysystem沉积体系域sedimentarysystemtract沉积物sediment沉积物重力流sedimentgravityflow沉积相sedimentaryfacies沉积旋回sedimentarycycle沉积学sedimentology沉积岩sedimentaryrocks沉积岩石学sedimentarypetrology沉积作用sedimentation/deposition成分成熟度compositionalmaturity成岩作用diagenesis赤铁矿hematite冲积平原alluvialplain冲积扇alluvialfan冲积相alluvialfacies冲裂（急浪冲刷）avulsion冲流swash冲刷充填构造scourandfillstructure冲刷痕scourmark冲刷回流带zoneofswashandbackwash冲洗交错层理swashcrossbedding冲溢（越）扇washoverfan储层reservoir床沙bed床沙形体bedform床沙载荷bedload垂向加积作用verticalaccretion戳痕prodmark次级水道secondarychannel次生沉积构造secondarysedimentarystructure次生加大（增生［overgrowth次生孔隙secondaryporosity粗砾cobbleD大潮springtide大陆边缘continentalmargin大陆环境continentalenvironment大陆架（棚）continentalshelf大陆裂谷continentalrift大陆隆continentalrise大陆斜坡（陆坡［continentalslope大型交错层理largesalecrossbedding大洋盆地oceanbasin单层bed单成分砾岩oligomicticconglomerate弹跳痕bouncemark淡水湖泊fresh-waterlake岛（弧［—海（沟［体系arc-trenchsystem岛弧islandarc等深积岩contourite等深流contourcurrent低流态lowerregime低镁方解石low-magnesiancalcite低密度浊流low-densityturbidity低弯度河道low-sinuositychannel低位体系域low-standsystemstract堤岸bank堤礁bankreef底负载河道bedloadchannel底痕solemark底积层bottomset底流bottomcurrent底面构造solestructure底模solecast底栖生物benthos地层strata地质记录geologicalrecord递变（粒序［层理gradedbedding典型浊积岩classicturbidite点礁patchreef点沙坝（边滩）pointbar电测井electriclog叠层石stromatolite叠层石构造stromatoliticstructure叠瓦状构造imbricatedstructure叠瓦状排列imbricatearrangement叠锥构造cone-in-conestructure碟状构造dishstructure顶积层topsets定向（指向）构造directionstructure/orientedstructure豆粒pisolite对称波痕symmetricalripple多向水流polymodalcurrent对称浪成波痕（对称波浪波痕［symmetricalwaverippleE大潮spri鲕粒ooliteF反向粒序（递变）层理reversegradedbedding泛滥盆地floodbasin泛滥平原floodplain方解石calcite非补偿（饥饿）沉积starveddeposition非牛顿流体non-Newtonianfluid分流河道distributarychannel分流河口沙坝distributary-mouthbar分流间湾interdistributary分选系数sortingcoefficient分选作用sorting粉砂silt粉砂岩siltite，siltstone风暴沉积stormdeposit（tempestite）风暴大潮stormsurge风暴岩tempestite风成eolian风成波痕windripple（aeolianripple）风成交错层理winddunecrossbedding风成沙丘winddune（aeoliandune）风成岩eolianite风化作用weathering风生海流wind-driftcurrent风蚀deflation峰度kurtosis缝合线stylolites弗劳德数Froude'sNumber浮游生物plankton俯冲带subductedzone腐泥sapropel负载（负荷）构造loadstructure负载囊loadpocket复成分砾岩polymicticconglomerate复合层理compositebedding复理石flyschG改造波痕modifiedripple钙结层caliche钙质结核calcareousnodules干酪根kerogen干裂（泥裂）mudcracks干涉波痕interferingripple干盐湖playa高潮线high-tideline高岭石kaolinite高流态upperregime高密度流high-densitycurrent高弯度河道high-sinuositychannel高位体系域high-standsystemstract工具痕toolmark沟槽充填交错层理channel-fillcrossbedding沟模groovecasts孤立波痕isolatedripple孤立台地isolatedplatform古地理图paleogeographicmap古地理学paleogeography古海洋学paleo-oceanography古流向标志paleocurrentindicator古流向分析paleocurrentanalysis古气候paleoclimate古气候学paleoclimatology古生态学paleoecology古生物学paleontology古水流paleocurrent古土壤paleosols骨（格）架岩framestone固着底栖生物sessilebenthos光合作用photosynthesis广盐度生物euryhalineorganism硅化作用silicification硅土／二氧化硅silica硅藻diatom硅质结核siliceousnodule硅质软泥siliceousooze硅质碎屑siliciclastic硅质岩siliceousrock过渡环境transitionalenvironmentH海（湖）泛面floodingsurface海（湖）滩beach海岸coast海岸带coastalzone海岸环境coastalenvironment海岸平原coastalplain海岸沙丘coastaldune海岸线coast-line海底扇submarinefan海底峡谷submarinecanyon海沟trench海进（侵）体系域transgressivesystemstract海浪seawave海绿石glauconite海平面sealevel海平面变化sea-levelchanges海平面升降eustasy海侵marine（sea）transgression海侵层序transgressivesequence海滩beach／seabank／marinebeach海滩脊ridgeofabeach海退marine（sea）regression海相marinefacies海相三角洲marinedelta海洋ocean海洋环境marineenvironment海洋学oceanography旱谷arroyo／wadi河床（道）channel／streamchannel河床riverbed／streambed河床滞留沉积channel-logdeposit／channelfloorlag河道充填沉积channel-filldeposit河谷rivervalley河控三角洲fluvial-dominateddelta河口湾channel-mouthbar/distributarymouthbar河口湾estuary河口湾相estuarinefacies河流river／stream河流沉积fluvialdeposit河流相fluvialfacies河漫overbank河漫滩alluvialflat／concavefloodplain褐铁矿limonite黑色页岩blackshale河漫沼泽backsawmp核形石oncolite黑云母biotite洪积相pluvialfacies洪水flood后滨backshore后成（生）作用katagenesis／anadiage-nesis后生结核catageneticnodule弧背盆地retroarcbasin弧后盆地backarcbasin弧间盆地interarcbasin弧内盆地intra-arcbasin弧前盆地forearcbasin湖泊lake湖泊环境lacustrineenvironment湖泊三角洲lakedelta湖泊相lacustrinefacies湖面波动seiche湖沼学limnology滑（动）痕slidemark滑塌构造slumpstructure滑塌岩slumps化学搬运chemicaltransport化学沉积chemicaldeposit化学成因构造chemicalstructure化学风化chemicalweathering缓坡台地rampplatform黄铁矿pyrite黄土loess灰泥(泥晶，微晶)micrite灰泥岩mudstone灰质白云岩calcareousdolostone回流backflow／backwash汇聚型板块边界convergentplateboundary混杂沉积岩diamicton混杂堆积物melange混载河流mixed-loadchannel活动大陆边缘activecontinentalmargin火山弹bomb火山灰ash火山灰流ashflow火山角砾岩volcanicbreccia火山碎屑岩pyroclastic(volcanoclastic)rock火焰状构造flamestructure机械搬运mechanicaltransportation机械沉积mechanicaldeposition机械风化mechanicalweathering鸡笼状构造chickenwirestructure吉尔伯特型三角洲Gilbert-typedelta急流rapidflow集合粒aggregate集块岩agglomerate季候泥oarve季节河seasonalriver加积accretion／aggradation假结核pseudonodule假晶crystalpseudomoph假亮晶pseudospar尖峰度的jeptokurtic剪切shearing简单层理simplebedding建设性三角洲constructivedelta交错层理crossbedding／crossstratifica-tion交错微层构造crossed-lamellarstructure交错纹层crosslamina胶结物cement胶结作用cementation胶磷矿collophane胶体溶液colloidsolution礁reef礁核reefcore礁后backreef礁麓堆积reeftalus礁前相forereeffacies礁后相backreeffacies礁前reeffront礁相reeffacies礁翼reefflank角度不整合angularunconformity角砾岩breccias结核concretion/nodule结晶构造crystallizationstructure结晶碳酸盐岩crystallinecarbonaterock介壳滩shellybank界面boundingsurfaces近（临）滨nearshore近岸流nearshorecurrent近滨带nearshore进（前）积作用progradation进潮口tidalinlet进食构造feedingstructures晶面crystalface晶体crystal晶体印痕crystalimprint净砂岩arenite静态模式staticmodel居住构造dwellingstructure局限台地restrictedplatform巨砾boulder决口扇flood-plainsplay（crevasse／crevassesplay）均匀层理（块状层理［homogeneousbedding（massivebedding）均匀悬浮uniformsuspensionK开阔海opensea开阔台地openplatform颗粒grain／particle颗粒流grainflow颗粒岩grainstone颗粒支撑的particle-supported／grainsupported颗粒质泥岩wackstone可容空间accommodationspace克拉通craton克拉通盆地cratonbasin孔隙（度）pore／porosity块状层理massivebedding块体流massflow块状砂岩massivesandstone浪成波痕waveripple／wave-generatedripple浪成交错层理wavecrossbedding浪成沙纹层理wave-ripplebedding浪基面（波基面）wavebase浪控三角洲wave-controlleddelta／wave-dominateddelta雷诺数Reynold'sNumber离岸（裂）流ripcurrent砾gravel砾漠reg砾屑灰岩calcirudite砾屑岩rudite砾岩conglomerate粒度grainsize粒度参数grainsizeparameter粒度概率图grain-sizeprobabilityplot粒度中值meandiameterofgrain（Md）粒间孔隙度intergranularporosity粒屑灰岩／颗粒灰岩grainstone粒序（递变）层理gradedbedding链形波痕catenaryripple亮晶spar亮晶方解石sparrycalcite亮晶灰岩sparite裂隙（缝）fracture流痕rillimpression（mark）流体化作用fiuidization裂陷槽/拗拉谷aulacogen临滨shoreface磷灰岩phosphorite磷酸盐岩phosphaterock菱铁矿siderite菱形波痕rhomboidripple流动构造currentstructure流动体制／流态flowregimes流痕（槽痕、冲流痕）flutemark硫酸盐sulphate漏斗形funnelshape陆表海epeiricsea／epicontinentalsea陆架边缘体系域shelfmarginsystemstract陆间裂谷intercontinentalrift陆隆（陆基／陆麓）continentalrise陆棚continentalshelf陆棚相shelffacies陆相continentalfacies／terrestrialfacies陆缘海marginalsea陆源沉积物terrigenoussediment陆源碎屑岩terrigenousclasticrocks绿泥石chlorite卵石质砂岩pebblysandstone水流波痕currentripple脉状层理flaserbedding漫流sheetflow漫滩沉积overbankdeposit煤coal煤化作用coalification锰质结核manganesenodule锰质岩manganeserock米兰科维奇韵律Milankovitchrhythms觅食迹browsingtrace密度底流densityunderflow密度流densitycurrent磨拉石molasse磨圆度（圆度）roundness母岩sourcerock／parentrock母岩区provenance／sourcearea内陆盆地inlandbasin内陆棚innershelf内碎屑intraclast内源沉积interbasinaldeposit能量带energybelt泥mud泥板岩argillite泥火山mudvolcano／mudcone泥晶micrite泥晶套micriteenvelope泥粒灰岩(泥质颗粒岩)packstone泥裂mudcrack泥流mudflow泥炭沼泽peatmoor/peatswamp泥石流debrisflow泥石流沉积debrisflowdeposit泥岩mudstone泥页岩argillutite泥质岩mudrock泥质支撑的mudsupported逆行沙波(丘)regressivesandwave/antidune逆行沙丘交错层理antidunecrossbedding年代地层单位chronostratigraphicunit鸟眼构造birdeyestructure/birds-eyesstructure鸟足状三角洲bird-footdelta凝灰岩tuff凝聚颗粒aggregategrains凝块灰岩thrombolite牛顿流体Newtonianfluid牛轭湖oxbowlakeP爬迹crawlingtrace(tail)爬升波痕层理(攀升波痕层理)climbripple(cross)lamination/climbingripplebedding爬行crawling拍岸浪surf泡沫痕bubbleimpression/foamimpression喷出构造ejectedstructure盆地basin盆内岩石intrabasinalrock盆外岩石extrabasinalrock片流sheetwash/sheetflow偏度skewness(SK)漂砾erratic平顶波痕flattoppedripplemark平均海平面meansealevel(MSL)平底(平坦床沙)planebed(flatbed)平均粒径meangrainsize(MZ)平均值mean平行层理parallelbedding平直河／直形河straightchannel坡积带deluvialzone坡积相deluvialfacies破坏性三角洲destructivedelta破浪breaker破浪带breakerzone葡萄石grapestones葡萄状构造clusterstructure蹼状构造spreitenQ气候带climatebelts气泡沙构造bubblesandstructure迁移型爬升波痕层理climbripplelaminationin-drift牵引（作用）traction牵引流tractivecurrent前滨foreshore前积层foresets前陆盆地forelandbasin前三角洲prodelta潜穴burrow浅海沉积neriticdeposit（shallowmarinedeposit）浅海陆棚neriticshelf浅海区neriticprovince浅海相neriticfacies／shallowmarinefacies浅湖区shallowlakearea浅滩shoal丘状交错层理hmmnockycrossbedding球度sphericity球粒pellet球枕状构造ballandpillowstructure球状粒peloid曲颈截直neckcutoff曲流meander曲流河（蛇曲河［meanderingriver曲流河（蛇曲河）沉积meanderingriverdeposit渠模guttercast全球性海平面变化eustaticchangeofsealevel缺氧事件anoxicevent群体（复体）生物colony／organisms扰动层理disturbedbedding扰动构造disturbedstrueture溶解载荷solutionalload软泥ooze弱光带disphoticzoneS萨勃哈/盐沼sabkha三角洲delta三角洲平原deltaplain三角洲前缘deltafront三角洲相deltafacies沙坝bar沙波sandwave沙火山sandvolcano沙火山sandvolcano沙流sandflow沙漠desert'沙漠相desertfacies沙斤sanddun/dune沙体sandbody沙纹ripples沙嘴spit砂sand砂流sandflow砂屑detritus砂屑灰岩calcarenite砂岩sandstone砂岩岩床sandsill砂岩岩墙砂岩岩脉）sanddike砂枕构造pillowstructure筛积sievedeposition山麓冲积平原bajada珊瑚coral扇砾岩fanglomerate扇三角洲fandelta舌形波痕lingoidripple深海abyss/pelagi/deepsea深海（深湖）abyss深海沉积abyssaldepo/deep-seadeposit深海平原abyssalpla/nieep-seaplain深海软泥abyssaloo/deep-seaooze深海扇abyssalfan／deep-seafan深海相abyssalfacies／deep-seafacies深湖区deeplakearea深湖相deeplakefacies深水bathymetric深水盆地bathymetricbasin渗透率permeability生长构造growthstructure生物层biostrome生物成因构造organicstructure生物带biozone生物地层学biostratigraphy生物灰岩biolithite生物礁organicreef／reef生物颗粒bioclast生物亮晶灰岩biosparite生物泥晶灰岩biomicrite生物丘organicmound／bioherm生物扰动构造bioturbulationstructure生物扰动作用bioturbation生物碎屑bioclastic生物相biofacies生物遗迹organicfieroglyph／biologicaltrail生物遗迹化石tracefossil石膏gypsum石化作用lithification石灰岩limestone石漠hamada石盐halite石英quartz石英净砂岩quartzarenite石英砂岩quartzsandstone／silicarenita石英杂砂岩quartzwacke始成岩作用eodiagenesis示底构造geopetalstructure收缩裂隙shrikagecrack刷模brushcasts双脊波痕double-crestedripple双向交错层理bimodalcrossbedding双向水流bimodalcurrent水道channel水流current／aqueousflow水流波痕currentripple水流波痕层理current-ripplebedding水流痕currentmark水流上涌upwelling水流线理currentlineation水平层理（水平纹层、水平纹理［horizontallamination/horizontalbedding水体分层stratificationofthewatercolumn水下泥石流subaqueousdebisflow碎屑颗粒detritalparticle燧石flint/chert燧石结核chertnodule/flintnoduleT他生沉积物allochthonoussediments他形晶anhedralcrystal塌积角砾岩collapsebreccia台地platform滩bank滩脊beachridge碳酸盐carbonate碳酸盐潮坪carbonatetidalflat碳酸盐台地carbonateplatform碳酸盐岩carbonaterock/carbonatite碳酸盐岩补偿深度carbonatecompensationdepth（CCD）碳酸盐岩隆（建隆）carbonatebuildup逃逸构造escapestructure体系域systemstract天然堤naturallevee/levee填集作用packing跳模bouncecasts跳跃作用saltation铁岩ironstone铁质结核ironnodule铁质岩ferruginousrock停息迹restingtrace同沉积滑塌构造syndepositionalslumpstructure同生白云岩syngeneticdolostone同生结核syngeneticnodule同生作用syngenesis同相位爬升波痕层理climb-ripplelaminationin-phase透光带photiczone透镜状层理lenticularbedding湍（紊）流turbulentflow团块lumps退（落）潮流ebbcurrent退覆层序offiapsequence洼状交错层理swaleycrossbedding瓦尔特相律Walther'sLaw外陆棚outershelf外扇outerfan／distalfan外生沉积物exogenticsediments晚成岩作用telodiagenesis网状（交织）河流anastomosingriver／anastomosedstream／anastomosedriver微亮晶microspar温跃层thermoclime纹层（细层）laminae/lamination纹层状的laminated纹理lamination纹泥（季节泥）varve紊流turbulent文石（霰石）aragonite无光带aphoticzone无粘结性颗粒cohesionlessparticle物理风化physicalweathering物源分析provenaceanalysis物源区provenanceX席状沙sheetsand细砾granule细流痕rillmark澙湖lagoon咸化澙湖salifiedlagoon咸水湖saltwaterlake相（沉积相）facies相变faciesvariation/facieschange相标志faciesmark相带faciesbelt相对海平面relativesea-level相模式faciesmodel相区faciesprovince相序（歹U）faciessequence（succession）相组合faciesassociation镶边台地rimmedplatform向上变粗coarsening-upward向上变细finning-upward削顶波痕（平顶波痕）capped-off（truncated）ripple向上变浅shoaling-upward／shallowingupward向上变深deepening-upward小潮neaptide小间断diastem小型交错层理small-scalecrossbedding小型流水波痕smallcurrentripple楔状交错层理wedgecrossbedding斜坡地形clinoform泄水构造waterescapestructure心滩channelbar新月形波痕lunateripple新月形沙丘crescentdune／barchandune信风tradewinds休息迹restingtraces悬浮（移）负载suspendedload选择性交代作用selectivereplacement雪花构造snowflowerstructureY压扁层理flaserbedding压刻痕（工具痕）toolmark压溶构造pressure-solutionstructure／pressuresolution压实作用compaction亚相subfacies岩石地层学lithostratigraphy岩石学petrology岩相lithofacies岩相古地理lithofaciespaleogeography岩相古地理图lithofaciespaleogeographicmap岩相图lithofaciesmap岩屑rockfragment，lithic岩屑净砂岩litharenite岩屑砂岩lithicsandstone／rockfragmentsandstone岩屑杂砂岩lithicgreywacke岩屑质长石净砂岩lithicarkose岩性lithology岩性图lithologicalmap沿岸流longshorecurrent沿岸沙坝longshorebar盐度salinity盐湖