广东省东莞市宏伟中学2021-2022学年高三英语模拟试卷含解析

广东省东莞市宏伟中学2021-2022学年高三英语模拟试卷含解析一、选择题1.MoreandmoreyoungboysandgirlsaresigningupforSuperBoys’orGirls’Voicesnowadays,______theirabilitiesinsinging.A.showing

B.shown

C.havingshown

D.havingbeenshown

参考答案：A略2.Generallyparentsdon’texpectchildrentoberude,

tobedisobeyed.

A．northeyexpect

B．neitherexpectthey

C．nordotheyexpect

D．neitherdon’ttheyexpect参考答案：C3.Inthatschool,Englishiscompulsoryforallstudents,butFrenchandRussianare_________.A．special

B．regional

C．optional

D．original参考答案：C考查形容词辨析。句意为“在那所学校，英语是学生的必修课，而法语和俄语是选修课。”special特别的，特意的；regional地区的，地方的；optional可选择的；original原始的，最初的。句中由but进行转折，由此可知法语和俄罗斯语不是必修课而是可以选修，所以正确答案为C项。4._________thefactthatmanydriversareevertrained,wecannotstresstoomuchtheimportanceoftrafficsafety.A.Thanksto

B.Despite

C.As

D.Although参考答案：B略5.Suchguysare

peopleoftenrefertoashackers.

A．who

B．whoever

C．what

D．whatever参考答案：C6.Therewas________time________Ihatedtogotoschool.

A.a;that

B.a;when

C.the;that

D.the;when参考答案：B7.Shehurriedhomefromcollege，

howhermotherwas

A．eagerfindingout

B．eagertofindout

C．eagerlytofindout

D．eagerlyfindingout参考答案：B

8.Thetroublewithsuchresourcesascoal,oilandgas______thattheyarenot

renewable.

A.was

B.are

C.havebeen

D.is参考答案：D9.Iwasscaredandfeelingprettyanxious,_______inanewcountry.A.forthefirsttimeIwas

B.IwasthefirsttimeC.beingthefirsttime

D.thisbeingmyfirsttime参考答案：D10.Atthemeetingtheydiscussedthreedifferent________tothestudyofmath.A．approaches

B.methods

C.means

Dways参考答案：A略11.Themostimportantthingaboutcottoninhistoryis________partthatitplayedin_______IndustrialRevolution.

A./;/

B.the;/

C.the;the

D.a;the参考答案：C12.It’salwayshardtorememberanamewhenonedoesn’thaveafacetogowith______.A.him

B.it

C.her

D.one参考答案：B13.

hisEuropeantourwithaspeechinBruges,Belgium,PresidentXisaysChinaandtheEUcanbecometwinenginesofgrowth.A.Toend

B.Ended

C.Tobeended

D.Ending参考答案：D14.—Ifyoukeeponbreakingtherules,youwillbefired．

—___?Idon'tcare．

A．Howcome

B．Whynot

C．Whatif

D．Sowhat参考答案：D15.IwouldliketobuysomegoodEnglishreferencebooks,but_______wasavailable

fromthebookstore,whereIonlyfoundsomeChineseones.

A.nothing

B.noone

C.none

D.neither参考答案：C16.Hadhe

herpromise,shewouldhavemadeittoYaleUniversity.A.lookedupto

B.liveduptoC.keptupwith

D.comeupwith参考答案：B考查动词词组辨析。该句是典型的虚拟语气，是由if引导的非真实条件句转换而来的倒装句，描述的事与过去事实相反。句意：如果她当年履行了自己的诺言，她就会进入耶鲁大学了。lookupto“尊敬，敬仰”；keepupwith“跟上，追上”；comeupwith“想出；提出”，只有liveupto“遵守，履行”符合题意。二、完型填空17.Inanidealworld,peoplewouldnotperformexperimentsonanimals.Forthepeople,theyareexpensive.Fortheanimals,theyarestressfulandoftenpainful.Thatidealworld,41

,isstillsomewayaway.Peopleneednewdrugsandvaccines.Theywant

42

fromthetoxicity(毒性)ofchemicals.Thesearchforbasicscientificanswersgoeson.

43

theEuropeanCommissionismovingaheadwithproposalsthatwill

44

thenumberofanimalexperimentscarriedoutintheEuropeanUnion,byrequiringtoxicitytestsoneverychemical

45forusewithintheunion'sbordersinthepast25years.Already,thecommissionhas

46

140,000chemicalsthathavenotyetbeentested.Itwants30,000ofthesetobeexaminedrightaway,andplanstospendbetween$4billion-$8billiondoingso.ThenumberofanimalsusedfortoxicitytestinginEuropewillthus,expertsreckon,quintuple(翻五倍）fromjustover1millionayeartoabout5,unlesstheyaresavedbysomedramatic

47

innon-animaltestingtechnology.Animalexperimentationwillthereforebearoundforsometimeyet.Butthesearchforsubstitutescontinues.Agoodplacetostartfinding

48

fortoxicitytestsistheliver—theorganresponsibleforbreakingtoxicchemicalsdownintosafermoleculesthatcanthenbeeliminatedfrombody.Twofirms,onelargeandonesmall,toldthemeetinghowtheywereusinghumanlivercellsremovedincidentallyduringsurgerytotestvarioussubstancesforlong-termtoxiceffects.PrimeCyte,thesmallfirm,growsitscellsincultures(士音养基）overafewweeksanddosesthemregularlywiththesubstanceunder

49

.Thecharacteristicsofthecellsarecarefully50

,tolookforchangesintheirmicroanatomy(组织学).Pfizer,thebigfirm,alsodosesitsculturesregularly,butratherthanstudying

51

cellsindetail,itcountscellnumbers.Ifthenumberofcellsinaculturechangesafterasampleisadded,thatsuggeststhechemical

52

isbadfortheliver.Othertissues,too,canbetested

53

ofanimals.Epithelix,asmallfirminGeneva,hasdevelopedan

54

versionoftheliningofthelungs.AccordingtoHuangSong,oneofEpithelix'sresearchers,thefirm'sculturedcellshavesimilarmicroanatomytothosefoundinnaturallunglinings,and

55

inthesamewaytovariouschemicalmessengers.Dr.Huangsaysthattheycouldbeusedinlong-termtoxicitytestsofairbornechemicalsandcouldalsohelpidentifytreatmentsforlungdiseases.Allthissuggeststhatthoughthereisstillsomewaytogobeforedrugs,vaccinesandothersubstancescanbetestedroutinelyoncellsratherthanliveanimals,usefulprogressisbeingmade.41. A.fortunately B.sadly C.ironically D.technically42. A.protection B,identification C.isolation D. interacton43. A.However B.Indeed C.Instead D.Furthermore44. A,increase B.decrease C.prohibit D. specify45. A.tested B.created C.assessed D. approved46. A.outlined B.imposed C.identified D. released47. A.diagnoses B.advances C.proofs D. appearances48. A.alternatives B.breakthroughs C.possibilites D. implications49. A.suspicion B.control C.way D. investigation50. A.monitored B.studied Canalyzed D. classified51. A.relevant B.numorous C.individual D. measurable52. A.inquestion B.inprinciple C.inpractice D. inreality53. A.successfully B.independently C.occassionally D. collectively54. A.useful, B.constant C.mature D. artificial55. A.operate B.function C.respond D. enhance参考答案：41.B

42.A43.B

44.A

45.D

46.C

47.B

48.A

49.D

50.A

51.C

52.

A

53.B

54.D

55.

C三、阅读理解18.Incollege,Iwastaughtaneleganttheoryofchemicalcombinationbasedonexcesselectronsgoingintoholesintheorbitalshellofaneighbouringatom.Butwhataboutdiatomiccompoundslikeoxygengas?Don'task;studentsaren'treadytoknow.Inphysics,inbiology,inanyotherscienceclasses,studentsfrequentlygetthatanswertoo.It’stimetotruststudentstohandledoubtanddiversityinscience.Actually,studentsarestartingtoact.Theyhaveshamedtheirseniorsintoincludingmorediversecontributorsasfacultymembersandrolemodels.Youngscholarsrudelyasktheirsuperiorswhytheyfailtoaddresstheextinctioncrisesclarifiedbytheirresearch.Theinheritedauthoritarianpoliticalstructuresofscienceeducationarebecominglame—butstillremainlargelyunchangedfromtheoldschooldays.Anarrow,rigideducationdoesnotprepareanyoneforthecomplexitiesofscientificresearch,applicationsandpolicy.Ifwediscouragestudentsfrominquiringintotherealnatureofscientifictruths,orexploringhowsocietyshapesthequestionsthatresearchersaskhowcanwepreparethemtomaintainpublictrustinscienceinour“post-truth”world?Diversityanddoubtproducecreativity:wemustmakeroomforthem,andstopguidingfuturescientistsintonarrowspecialtiesthatvaluetechniqueoverthought.Inscience,evenfoundationalbuildingblockscanbequestioned.Theunifyingpatternsoftheperiodictablearenowquestionedundercloserexamination.Somescientistsnowwonderwhethertheconceptofbiological“species”contributesmoreconfusionthaninsight,andwhetheritshouldthereforebeabandoned.However,suchadecisionwouldaffectconservationpolicy,inwhichidentificationofendangeredspeciesiscrucial—soitisnotjustanissueforbasicscience.Sciencestudentsgenerallyremainunawarethatconceptssuchaselementsandspeciesarecontestedorareevencontestable.Inschool,collegeandbeyond,curriculahighlightthetechnicalandhidethereflective.Publicargumentsamongscientistsoftenpresumethateveryproblemhasjustonesolution.Nonetheless,uncertainadviceoncomplexissuesshouldbeawarningthat,fromafutureperspective,today'stotalscientificconsensusonsomepolicyissuemighthavebeentheresultofstubbornness,aconflictofinterestorworse.Justasahealthydemocracyaccommodatesdissentanddissonance,thecollectiveconsciousnessofsciencewoulddowelltoembracedoubtanddiversity.Thiscouldstartwithteachingscienceasagreat,flawed,ongoinghumanachievement,ratherthanasacollectionofcut-and-driedeternal（永久的）truths.Irecallalegendarychemistryprofessorwhowasnotskilfulatgettingclassroomdemonstrationstowork—butdiscussingwhatwentwronghelpedhisstudentstothrive.Amathematicianfriendletpupilsdiscusseverystatementinthetextbookuntilallweresatisfied.Theydidverywellinexams,andtaughtthemselveswhenhewasabsent.Treatingpeopleatalllevelsascommittedthinkers,whoseaskingteachesusall,isthekeytotacklingthechallengestoscienceinthepost-trustage.42.Theproblemofcurrentsciencetrainingisthat______.A.studentscannotbecomespecialistsB.itgoesagainstestablishedscienceeducationC.studentslosetrustintheirteachersandprofessorsD.itfailstoprovidestudentswithwhattheyneedinfuture43.Theperiodictableismentionedtoprovethat______.A.eventhewidelyacceptedcanbechallengedB.studentsaregenerallyignorantofscienceC.mostpreviousresearchesareoutofdateD.sciencehasbeendevelopingwithtime44.Itcanbelearntfromthepassagethat______.A.studentsmaybemoreinnovativeiftheyareallowedtodoubtB.sciencestudentsdonotcontestelementsorspeciesC.studentsshouldnottrustestablishedscienceD.diversitypreventsprogressinscience45.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestrepresentsthewriter’sopinion?A.Ourcurriculahighlightthetechnicalandhidethereflective.B.Scienceshouldbeacollectionofcut-and-driedeternaltruths.C.Teachersshouldtreatpeopleatalllevelsascommittedthinkers.D.Theconceptofbiologicalspeciesbringsmoreconfusionthaninsight.参考答案：42.D

43.A

44.A

45.C【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章探讨了，在科学领域，我们要信任学生来处理科学中的怀疑和多样性，多样性和怀疑产生创造力，如果我们不鼓励学生探究科学真理的真实本质，或者不鼓励他们探索社会如何塑造研究人员提出的问题，那么我们如何让他们做好准备，在我们的“后真理”世界里保持公众对科学的信任。【42题详解】推理判断题。由第一段最后两句“Don'task;studentsaren'treadytoknow.Inphysics,inbiology,inanyotherscienceclasses,studentsfrequentlygetthatanswertoo.”（别问，学生们还没准备好知道。在物理学、生物学、任何其他科学课上，学生也经常得到这个答案。），第三段第一句“Anarrow,rigideducationdoesnotprepareanyoneforthecomplexitiesofscientificresearch,applicationsandpolicy.”（狭隘、僵化的教育不能使任何人为科学研究、应用和政策的复杂性做好准备。），可知当前科学培训的问题在于它不能为学生提供他们未来进行科学研究所需要的东西。故选D项。【43题详解】细节理解题。由第四段中的“Inscience,evenfoundationalbuildingblockscanbequestioned.Theunifyingpatternsoftheperiodictablearenowquestionedundercloserexamination.”（在科学领域，甚至基础的构成要素也可能受到质疑。现在元素周期表的统一模式正在更仔细的检查下被质疑。），说明元素周期表即使是被广泛接受的，也可能会被质疑。故选A项。【44题详解】推理判断题。第三段最后一句“Diversityanddoubtproducecreativity:wemustmakeroomforthem,andstopguidingfuturescientistsintonarrowspecialtiesthatvaluetechniqueoverthought.”（多样性和怀疑产生创造力：我们必须为它们腾出空间，并停止引导未来的科学家进入狭隘的专业领域，即重视技术而不是思想。），可推断出如果允许学生怀疑，学生可能更具创新性。故选A项。【45题详解】推理判断题。由最后一段最后一句“Treatingpeopleatalllevelsascommittedthinkers,whoseaskingteachesusall,isthekeytotacklingthechallengestoscienceinthepost-trustage.”（把所有层次的人都当作坚定的思考者，他们的询问教会了我们所有人，这是在后信任时代应对科学挑战的关键。），可知教师应该把所有层次的人看作是坚定的思考者，这能最好描述符合作者观点。故选C项。【点睛】推理判断题不仅要求考生读懂文章中的每个句子的意思还要推理它们之间的关系，结合自己的生活常识和经验，再通过逻辑推理和判断，理解文章的言外之意，从而揭示文章的深层涵义。推理判断题的答案不可能在文章中直接找到，因此推理时我们务必要忠于原文，在文章中寻找并确定可推论的依据，即：已知部分——推论的前提，从中推测出未知部分——推理的结论，切忌妄加评论，把自己的观点当成作者的观点。如在第3小题中，第三段最后一句“Diversityanddoubtproducecreativity:wemustmakeroomforthem,andstopguidingfuturescientistsintonarrowspecialtiesthatvaluetechniqueoverthought.”，是已知部分，通过结合原文进行合理地逻辑判断，可推断出如果允许学生怀疑，学生可能更具创新性。故选A项。19.B

WhenItoldmyfatherthatIwasmovingtoDesMoines,Iowa,hetoldmeabouttheonlytimehehadbeenthere.Itwasinthe1930s,whenhewasaneditoriftheliterarymagazineofSouthernMethodistUniversity（SMU）inDallas,Texas.HealsoworkedasaprofessoratSMU,andtherewasagirlstudentinhisclasswhosufferedfromaseriousbackdisease.Shecouldn;taffordtheoperationbecauseherfamilywaspoor.

HermotherranaboardinghouseinGalveston,aseasidetownnearHouston,Texas.Shewascleaningouttheattic（阁楼）onedaywhenshecameacrossanolddustymanuscript（手稿）.Onitstoppagewerethewords,“ByO.Henry”.Itwasanicestory,andshesentittoherdaughteratSMU,whoshowedittomyfather.Myfatherhadneverreadthestorybefore,butitsoundedlikeO.Henry,andheknewthatO.HenryhadoncelivedinHouston.SoitwaspossiblethatthefamousauthorhadgonetothebeachandstayedintheGainestownboardinghouse,andhadwrittenthestorythereandleftthemanuscriptbehindbyaccident.MyfathervisitedanO.HenryexpertatColumbiaUniversityinNewYork,whoauthenticatedthestoryasO.Henry’s.

Myfatherthensetouttosellit.Eventfully,hefoudhimselfinDesMoines,meetingwithGardnerCowles,atope