英语强化第十六次录音

h /lanjunche/blog/item/4746c9b4aa2b3dc637d3ca2c.html

Eg.4ThelinkbetweendreamsandemotionsshowupamongthepatientsinCartwright’sclinic.Mostpeopleseemtohavemorebaddreamsearlyinthenight,progressingtowardhappieronesbeforeawakening,suggestingthattheyareworkingthroughnegativefeelingsgeneratedduringtheday.Becauseourconsciousmindisoccupiedwithdailylifewedon’talwaysthinkabouttheemotionalsignificanceoftheday’sevents--until,itappears,webegintodream.

Thenegativefeelingsgeneratedduringthedaytendto .

aggravateinourunconsciousmind

developintohappydreams

persisttillthetimewefallasleep

showupindreamsearlyatnight

Eg.5RodrigueznotesthatchildreninremotevillagesaroundworldarefansofsuperstarslikeAmoldSchwarzeneggerandGarthBrooks,yet“someAmericansfearthatimmigrantlivingwithintheUnitedStatesremainsomehowimmunetothenation’sassimilativepower.”

WhyareAmoldSchwarzeneggerandGarthBrooksmentionedinthisparagraph?

To prove their popularity around theworld.

Torevealthepublic’sfearofimmigrants.

To give examples of successfulimmigrants.

To show the powerful influence ofAmericanculture.

Eg.6 Toparaphrase18th-centurystatesman

EdmundBurke,“allthatisneededforthe

triumphofamisguidedcauseisthatgoodpeopledonothing.”Onesuchcausenowseekstoendbiomedicalresearchbecauseofthetheorythatanimalshaverightsrulingouttheiruse in research. Scientists need to respondfully toanimal rights advocates, whoseargumentsareconfusingthepublicandtherebythreateningadvancesinhealthknowledgeandcare.Leadersoftheanimalrightsmovementtargetbiomedicalresearchbecauseitdependsonpublicfunding,andfewpeopleunderstandtheprocess of health care research. Hearingallegationsofcrueltytoanimalsinresearchsettings,manyareperplexedthatanyone

woulddelibera yharmananimal.

Misledpeopletendtothinkthatusingan

animalinresearchis .

cruelbutnatural

inhumanandunacceptable

inevitablebutvicious

pointlessandwasteful

推理判断题

基本特征:

多考虑文章的关键部位(段首、段末、出现特殊起承转合关联词处)

正确选项留有余地(may,can,could,usual,probably,sometimes,often…而非absoluy,nothing,all,impossible,never…)

粗浅逻辑、过分推断、空穴来风、细枝末节不是解

Eg.7Thattheseasarebeingoverfishedhasbeenknownforyears.WhatresearcherssuchasRansomMyersandBorisWormhaveshownisjusthowfastthingsarechanging.Theyhavelookedathalfacenturyofdatafromfisheriesaroundtheworld.Theirmethodsdonotattempttoestimatetheactualbiomass(theamountoflivingbiologicalmatter)offishspeciesinparticularpartsoftheocean,but

ratherchangesinthatbiomassovertime.AccordingtotheirlatestpaperpublishedinNature,thebiomassoflargepredators(animalsthatkillandeatotheranimals)inanewfisheryisreducedonaverageby80%within15yearsofthestartofexploitation.Insomelong-fishedareas,ithashalvedagainsincethen.

WecaninferfromDr.MyersandDr.Worm’spaperthat .

[A]thestockoflargepredatorsinsomeoldfisherieshasreducedby90%

[B]thereareonlyhalfasmanyfisheriesastherewere15yearsago

[C]thecatchsizesinanewfisheryareonly20%oftheoriginalamount

[D]thenumberoflargerpredatorsdroppedfasterinnewfisheriesthanintheold

Eg.8Russianshaveadeeplovefortheir

ownlanguageandcarrylargechunksofmemorizedpoetry

intheirheads,whileItalianpoliticianstendtoelaboratespeechthatwouldseemold-fashionedtomostEnglish-speakers.Mr.McWhorteracknowledgesthatformallanguageisnotstrictlynecessary,andproposesnoradicaleducationreforms--heisreallygrievingoverthelossofsomethingbeautifulmorethanuseful.WenowtakeourEnglish“onpapertesinsteadof.”Ashame,perhaps,butprobablyaninevitableone.

memorizing poetry

description of Russians’ love of

The

.

shows the author’s

[A]interestintheirlanguage[B]appreciationoftheirefforts[C]admirationfortheirmemory

[D]contemptfortheirold-fashionedness

Eg.9Attheendoftheday,there’sprobablylittlereasontopayattentiontoourdreamsatallunlesstheykeepusfromsleeor“wewakenupinapanic,”Cartwrightsays.Terrorism,economicuncertaintiesandgeneralfeelingsofinsecurityhaveincreasedpeople’sanxiety.Thosesufferingfrompersistentnightmaresshouldseekhelpfromathe.Fortherestofus,thebrainhasitswaysof

workingthroughbadfeelings.Sleep--or

ratherdream--onitandyou’ll

feelbetterinthemorning.

WhatadvicemightCartwrightgivetothosewhosometimeshavehaddreams?

Leadyourlifeasusual.

Seekprofessionalhelp.

Exerciseconsciouscontrol.

Avoidanxietyinthedaytime.

Eg.10Thevastconsolidationwithintherailindustrymeansthatmostshippersareservedbyonlyonerail .Railroadstypically

chargesuch“captive”

shippers20to30percentmorethantheydowhenanotherrailroadiscompetingforthebusiness.Shipperswhofeeltheyarebeingoverchargedhavetherighttoappealtothe

federal

ernment’sSurfaceTransportation

Boardforraterelief,buttheprocessisexpensive,timeconsuming,andwillworkonlyintrulyextremecases.

Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph3that

.

shipperswillbechargedlesswithoutarivalrailroad

there will soon be only one railroadnationwide

overcharged shippers are unlikely toappealforraterelief

a ernmentboardensuresfairyin

railwaybusiness

对社会不良

、现象进行解决性

Stakeholder(victim/thepublic)

awareness

Peoplewhoshoulderliability(ill-intentionedpeople)

Imposeseverepenalty/offender

Supervisor/

ernment

Takelegalinitiatives/enhancerelevantlaws,

institutions,andregulations

Safeguard their interests + raise their

Eg.11Muchcanbedone.Scientistscould“adopt”middleschoolclassesandpresenttheirownresearch.Theyshouldbequicktorespondtoletterstotheeditor,lestanimalrightsmisinformationgounchallengedandacquire a deceptive appearance of truth.Researchinstitutionscouldbeopenedtotours,to show that laboratory animals receivehumanecare.Finally,becausetheultimate

stakeholdersarepatients,thehealthresearchcommunityshouldactivelyrecruittoitscausenotonlywell-known alitiessuchasStephenCooper,whohasmadecourageousstatementsaboutthevalueofanimalresearch,butallwhoreceivemedicaltreatment.Ifgoodpeopledonothingthereisarealpossibilitythatanuninformedcitizenrywillextinguishthepreciousembersofmedicalprogress.

FromthetextwelearnthatStephenCooperis

.

awell-knownhumanist

amedicalpractitioner

anenthusiastinanimalrights

asupporterofanimalresearch

Sbisavigoroussupporter/opponentof

词句释义题

Here are a few

Eg.12Whatmightaccountforthisstrangephenomenon?

guesses:a)certainastrological

soccermadparentsaremore

signsconfersuperiorsoccerskills;b)winter-bornbabiestendtohavehigheroxygencapacity,whichincreasessoccer

stamina;c)

likelytoconceivechildreninspringtime,attheannualpeakofsoccermania;d)noneoftheabove.

The word “mania” most probably means

fun [B]craze[C]hysteria [D]excitement

Eg.13Thetownsfolkdon’tseeitthiswayand

localcouncildoesnotcontributedirectlytothe

subsidyoftheRoyalShakespeare

.

Stratfordcriespoortraditionally.Neverthelesseveryhointownseemstobeaddinganewwingorcocktaillounge.Hiltonisbuildingitsownhothere,whichyoumaybesurewillbedecoratedwithHamletHamburgerBars,theLearLounge,theBanquoBanquetingRoom,andsoforth,andwillbeveryexpensive.

Bysaying“Stratfordcriespoortraditionally”(Line2-3,Paragraph4),theauthorimplies

that .

Stratfordcannotaffordtheexpansionprojects

Stratford has long been in financialdifficulties

thetownisnotreallyshortofmoney

thetownsfolkusedtobepoorlypaid

Eg.14Peopleinearliererasweresurroundedbyremindersofmisery.Theyworkeduntilexhausted,livedwithfewprotectionsanddiedyoung.IntheWest,beforemass

Givenallthis,

communicationandlicy,themostpowerfulmassmediumwasthechurch,whichremindedworshippersthattheirsoulswereinperilandthattheywouldsomedaybemeatfor

worms.

theydidnotexactlyneedtheirarttobeabummertoo.

Theword“bummer”(Line5.paragraph5)

mostprobablymeanssomething .

religious

unpleasant

entertaining

commercial

Eg.15Everybodylovesafatpayrise.Yetpleasureatyourowncanvanishifyoulearnthatacolleaguehasbeengivenabiggerone.Indeed,ifhehasareputationforslacking,youmightevenbeoutraged.Suchbehaviourisregardedas“alltoohuman,”withtheunderlyingassumptionthatotheranimals

would not be capable of thisfinelydevelopedsenseofgrievance.Butastudyby

SarahBrosnanandFransdeWaalofEmory

UniversityinAtlanta,Georgia,whichhasjust

beenpublishedinNature,suggeststhatitall

toomonkey,aswell.

whethersuchasenseoffairnessevolved

independentlyincapuchinsandhumans,or

whetheritstemsfromthecommonancestor

Theresearchessuggestthatcapuchinmonkeys,likehumans,areguidedbysocialemotions.Inthewild,theyareacooperative,grouplivingspecies.Suchcooperationislikelytobestableonlywheneachanimalfeelsitisnotbeingcheated.Feelingsofrighteousindignation,itseems,arenotthepreserveofpeoplealone.Refusingalesserrewardcompleymakesthesefeelingsabundantlycleartoothermembersofthegroup.However,

thatthespecieshad35millionyearsago,is,asyet,anunansweredquestion.

Thestatement“itisalltoomonkey”(Lastline,

paragraphl)impliesthat .

monkeysarealsooutragedbyslackrivals

resentingunfairnessis also monkeys’nature

monkeys,likehumans,tendtobelousofeachother

no animals other than monkeys candevelopsuchemotions

Eg.16Fortunay,theWhiteHouseisstartingtopayattention.Butit’sobviousthatamajorityofthe’sadvisersstilldon’ttakeglobalwarmingseriously.Insteadofanofaction,theycontinuetopressformoreresearch--aclassiccaseof“paralysisby

ysis”.

Whatdoestheauthormeanby“paralysisbyysis”(Lastline,paragraph4)?

Endlessstudieskillaction.

Carefulinvestigationrevealstruth.

Prudent nninghindersprogress.

Extensiveresearchhelpsdecision-making.

观点态度题

熟悉下列单词

Supportive approving

Opposing hostile suspicious dubiousContemptuous

---------------------------

Objective/unbiased/impartialIndifferent detached

------------------------------------

Approving questioning detachedcompromising

Suspicious indifferent contemptuoushostile

Biased opinionated impartialreverent

Eg.27Immigrantsarequicklyfittingintothiscommonculture,whichmaynotbealtogetherelevatingbutishardlypoisonous.Writingforthe National Immigration Forum, GregoryRodriguezreportsthattoday’simmigrationisneitheratunprecedentedlevelnorresistanttoassimilation.In1998immigrantswere9.8percentofpopulation;in1900,13.6percent.Inthe10yearspriorto1990,3.1immigrantsarrivedforevery1,000residents;inthe10yearspriorto1890,9.2forevery1,000.Now,consider three indices of assimilation --language,homeownershipandintermarriage.The1990Censusrevealedthat“amajorityofConsensusisthat...

大家一致的意见是：

immigrantsfromeachofthefifteenmostcommoncountriesoforiginspokeEnglish‘well’or‘verywell’aftertenyearsof

residence.”ThechildrenofimmigrantstendtobebilingualandproficientinEnglish.“Bythethirdgeneration,theoriginallanguageislostinthemajorityofimmigrantfamilies.”HencethedescriptionofAmericaasa“graveyard”forlanguage.By1996foreign-bornimmigrantswhohadarrivebefore1970hadahomeownershiprateof75.6percent,higherthanthe69.8percentrateamongnative-bornAmericans.

Intheauthor’sopinion,theabsorptionofimmigrants into American society is

.

rewarding/worthwhile

你的努力会得到回报。

Youreffortswillberewarded/justified.Youreffortswillpayoff.

successful

fruitless

harmful

Eg.17ItwouldbeashametoraisepricestoomuchbecauseitwoulddriveawaytheyoungpeoplewhoareStratford’smostattractiveele.Theycomeentirelyfortheys,not

thesights.Theyallseemtolookalike(thoughtheycomefromallover)--lean,pointed,dedicatedfaces,wearingnsandsandals,eatingtheirbunsandbeddingdownforthenightontheflagstonesoutsidethetheatretobuythe20seatsand80standing-roomticketsheldforthesleepersandsoldtothemwhentheboxofficeopensat10:30a.m.

Fromthetextwecanconcludethattheauthor

.

issupportiveofbothsides

favorsthetownsfolk’sview

takesadetachedattitude

issympathetic

Eg.18Whenitcomestotheslowingeconomy,EllenSperoisn’tbitinghernailsjustyet.Butthe47-year-oldmanicuristisn’tcutting,fillingorpolishingasmanynailsasshe’dliketo,either.Mostofhersspend$12to$50weekly,butlastmonthtwolongtimecustomerssuddenlystoppedshowingup.Speroblamesthesofteningeconomy.“I’magoodeconomicindicator,”shesays.“Iprovideaservicethatpeoplecandowithoutwhenthey’reconcernedaboutsavingsomedollars.”SoSperoisdownscaling,shopatmiddle-browDillard’sdepartmentstorenearhersuburbanClevelandhome,insteadofNeimanMarcus.“Idon’tknowifothersaregoingtoabandonme,too”shesays.

Consumerssaythey’renotindespairbecause,despitethedreadfulheadlines,theirownfortunesstillfeelprettygood.Homepricesareholdingsteadyinmostregions.InManhattan,“there’sanewgoldrush

happeninginthe$4millionto$10millionrange,predominantlyfedbyWallStreetbonuses,”saysbrokerBarbaraCorcoran.InSanFrancisco,pricesarestillrisingevenasfrenziedoverbiddingquiets.“Insteadof20to

30offers,nowmaybeyouonlygettwoorthree,”saysjohnDeadly,aBayAreareal-estatebroker.Andmostfolksstillfeelprettycomfortableabouttheirabilitytofindandkeepajob.

Manyfolksseesilverliningstothisslowdown.Potentialhomebuyerswouldcheerforlowerinterestrates.Employerswouldn’tmindalittlefewerbubblesinthejobmarket.Manyconsumersseemtohavebeeninfluencedbystock-marketswings、sway,whichinvestorsnowviewasanecessaryingredienttoasustainedboom.Dinersmightseeanupside,too.GettingatableatManhattan’shotnewAlainDucasserestaurantusedtobeimpossible.Notanymore.Forthat,Greenspan&Co.maystillbeworthtoasting.

Towhichofthefollowingistheauthorlikelytoagree?

Anowboom,onthehorizon.

Tightenthebelt,thesingleremedy.

Cautionallright,panicnot.

Themoreventures,themorechances.

主旨大意题

Eg.19Scientists must communicate theirmessagetothepublicinacompassionate,understandableway--inhumanterms,notinthelanguageofmolecularbiology.Weneedtomakecleartheconnectionbetweenanimalresearchandagrandmother’shiprecement,a father’s bypass operation, a baby’svaccinations,andevenapet’sshots.Tothosewhoareunawarethatanimalresearchwasneededtoproducethesetreatments,aswellas new treatments and vaccines, animalresearchseemswastefulatbestandcruelat

worst.

Muchcanbedone.Scientistscould“adopt”middleschoolclassesandpresenttheirownresearch.Theyshouldbequicktorespondtoletterstotheeditor,lestanimalrightsmisinformationgounchallengedandacquireadeceptiveappearanceoftruth.Researchinstitutionscouldbeopenedtotours,toshowthatlaboratoryanimalsreceivehumanecare.Finally,becausetheultimatestakeholdersarepatients,thehealthresearchcommunityshouldactivelyrecruittoitscausenotonlywell-knownalitiessuchasStephenCooper,whohasmadecourageousstatementsaboutthevalueofanimalresearch,butallwhoreceivemedicaltreatment.Ifgoodpeopledonothingthereisarealpossibilitythatanuninformedcitizenrywillextinguishthepreciousembersofmedicalprogress.

TheauthorbeginshisarticlewithEdmund

Burke’swordsto .

callonscientiststotakesomeactions

criticizethemisguidedcauseofanimalrights

warnofthedoomofbiomedicalresearch

showthetriumphoftheanimalrightsmovement

我们如何在写作中展开一个观点？

观点立现释义论证

论证以小见大

Eg.201Deathisnormal;wearegeneticallyprogrammedtodisintegrateandperish,evenunderidealconditions.

2Weallunderstandthatatsomelevel,yetasmedicalconsumerswetreatdeathasaproblemtobesolved.

3Shieldedbythird-partypayersfromthecostofourcare,wedemandeverythingthatcanpossiblybedoneforus,evenifit’suseless.4Themostobviousexampleislate-stagecancercare.

5Physicians--frustratedbytheirinabilitytocurethediseaseandfearinglossofhopeinthepatient--toooftenofferaggressivetreatmentfarbeyondwhatisscientificallyjustified.

Thetextintendstoexpresstheideathat

.

medicinewillfurtherprolongpeople’s

lives

lifebeyondacertainlimitisnotworthliving

deathshouldbeacceptedasafactoflife

excessivedemandsincreasethecostofhealthcare

It pays to behonest

Thatistosay

Tobemoreprecise

----------------------------------

ConsequenceSlightdishonesty

--------------------

Doharmtocareerandlife

Cheaton getcaughtonthespotIll-intentionedfakecommoditiesReapprofits

Uncovered broughttolightEliminated/penalized/abandoned

PartIII解题思路演练

Passage1

Agreatdealofattentionisbeingpaidtodaytotheso-calleddigitaldivide--thedivisionoftheworldintotheinfo(information)richandtheinfopoor.Andthatdividedoesexisttoday.MywifeandIlecturedaboutthisloomingdangertwentyyearsago.Whatwaslessvisiblethen,however,werethenew,positivesthat

workagainstthedigitaldivide.Therearereasonstobeoptimistic.

Therearetechnologicalreasonstohopethedigitaldividewillnarrow.AstheInternetesmoreandmorecommercialized,itis

intheinterestofbusinesstouniversalizeaccess--afterall,themorepeopleonline,themorepotentialcustomersthereare.Moreandmoreernments,afraidtheircountrieswillbeleftbehind,wanttospreadInternetaccess.Withinthenextdecadeortwo,onetotwobillionpeopleonthenetwillbenettedtogether.Asaresult,Inowbelievethedigitaldividewillnarrowratherthanwidenintheyearsahead.AndthatisverygoodnewsbecausetheInternetmaywellbethemostpowerfultoolforcombatingworldpovertythatwe’veeverhad.

Ofcourse,theuseoftheInternetisn’ttheonly

waytodefeatpoverty.AndtheInternetisnot

theonlytoolwehave.Butithasenormouspotential.

Totakeadvantageofthistool,someimpoverishedcountrieswillhavetogetovertheiroutdatedanti-colonialprejudiceswithrespecttoforeigninvestment.Countriesthatstillthinkforeigninvestmentisaninvasionoftheirsovereigntymightwellstudythehistoryofinfrastructure(thebasicstructuralfoundationsofasociety)intheUnitedStates.WhentheUnitedStatesbuiltitsindustrialinfrastructure,itdidn’thavethecapitaltodoso.AndthatiswhyAmerica’sSecondWaveinfrastructure--includingroads,harbors,highways,portsandsoon--werebuiltwithforeigninvestment.TheEnglish,theGermans,theDutchandtheFrenchwereinvestinginBritain’sformercolony.Theyfinancedthem.ImmigrantAmericansbuiltthem.Guesswhoownsthemnow?TheAmericans.IbelievethesamethingwouldbetrueinceslikeBrazil

oranywhereelseforthatmatter.ThemoreforeigncapitalyouhavehelyoubuildyourThirdWaveinfrastructure,whichtodayisanelectronicinfrastructure,thebetteroffyou’regoingtobe.Thatdoesn’tmeanlyingdownanding fooled, or letting foreigncorporationsrununcontrolled.Butitdoesmeanrecognizinghowimportanttheycanbe

in building the energy andinfrastructuresneededtotakefulladvantageoftheInternet.

Digitaldivideissomething .

gettingworsebecauseoftheInternet

therichcountriesareresponsiblefor

theworldmustguardagainst

consideredpositivetoday

ernments attach importance to theInternetbecauseit .

offerseconomicpotentials

canbringforeignfunds

cansoonwipeoutworldpoverty

connectspeopleallovertheworld

ThewritermentionedthecaseoftheUnitedStatestojustifytheof .

providingfinancialsupportoverseas

preventingforeigncapital’scontrol

buildingindustrialinfrastructure

acceptingforeigninvestment

Itseemsthatnowacountry’seconomy

dependsmuchon .

howwelldevelopeditiselectronically

whether it is prejudiced againstimmigrants

whetheritadoptsAmerica’sindustrialpattern

howmuchcontrolithasoverforeigncorporations

Passage9

Foryears,doctorsadvisedtheirpatientsthattheonlythingtakingmultivitaminsdoesis

givethemexpensiveurine(尿).Afterall,truevitamindeficienciesarepracticallyunheardofAwidelydisapproved-ofbehaviour

Sthisunheard-of/inconceivable

Jinindustrializedcountries.Nowitseems

thosedoctorsmayhavebeenwrong.

Theresultsofagrowingnumberof

studiessuggestthatevenamodestvitaminshortfallcanbeharmfultoyourhealth.Althoughproofofthebenefitsofmultivitaminsisstillfarfromcertain,thefewdollarsyouspendonthemisprobablyagoodinvestment.

Oratleastthat'stheargumentputforwardintheNewEnglandJournalofMedicine.Ideally,sayDr.WalterWillettandDr.MeirStampferofHarvard,allvitaminsupplementswouldbeevaluatedinscientificallyrigorousclinicaltrials.Butthosestudiescantakealongtime

andoftenraisemorequestionsthantheyanswer.Atsomepoint,whileresearchersworkonfiguringoutwherethetruthlies,itjustmakessensetosaythepotentialbenefitoutweighsthecost.

Thebestevidencetodateconcernsfolate,oneoftheBvitamins.It'sbeenprovedtolimitthenumberofdefectsinembryos(胚胎),andarecenttrialfoundthatfolateincombinationwithvitaminB12andaformofB6alsodecreasesthere-blockageofarteriesaftersurgicalrepair.

ThenewsonvitaminEhasbeenmoremixed.Healthyfolkswhotake400internationalunitsdailyforatleasttwoyearsappearsomewhatlesslikelytodevelopheartdisease.Butwhendoctors