2023年考研考博考博英语合肥工业大学考试高频考点参考题库答案

2023年考研考博考博英语合肥工业大学考试高频考点参考题库带答案（图片大小可自由调整）答案解析附后第1卷一.综合题(共20题)1.单选题Theideathathardworkwastobe______distinguishedAmericansfromEuropeanswhoadmiredtheirgentlemenofleisure.问题1选项A.inversedB.esteemedC.exclaimedD.hoarded2.翻译题Evenwithouttheseprotections,individualscanacttoprotecttheirownprivacy.Insomecases,marketforcescancreateincentivesforcompaniestoprotectprivacyifconsumersconsistentlycallforsuchprotection.Consumersshouldstudyacompany’sprivacypolicyinitspromotionalliterature.Ifsuchapolicyisweakornonexistent,itisreasonabletoassumethatthecompanyusesanypersonalinformationitcapturesineverywayitlegallycan.Consumerscanalsoprotecttheirprivacywhenfacedwithwhattheyconsiderexcessiverequestsforinformationbyaskingwhytheinformationispertinentorbyrefusingtoanswerthequestions.Finally,individualscantakeinitiativebyinformingothercitizensaboutspecificprivacyproblems.Manythreatstoprivacyremainunpublicizedsimplybecausetherearetoomanyofthemforexistingprivacyadvocatestotrack.EvensimpleresearchonanunpublicizedprivacyproblemcanhaveanimpactwhensubmittedtoarelevantInternetforum,watchdoggroup,ormediaoutlet.3.单选题AsfarasIknow,theclerkhas______$1,000tothecollectionforthementalinstitution.问题1选项A.enlistedB.embezzledC.dissipatedD.subscribed4.单选题Iffacedandaccepted,failurecontributespersonalgrowthandoftenleadstoimprovedpersonalrelationships.问题1选项A.facedandacceptedB.contributesC.leadstoD.improved5.单选题Thequestionofwhatmotivatesaconsumertobuychallengestheimaginationandingenuityofthesellerandpressesresearchspecialistsforwardintonewfieldsofinvestigation.问题1选项A.geniusB.noveltyC.tacticD.spark6.单选题Thegloomymyth-makersforeseeaworlddestroyedbyfloodsorfire,andahumanpopulation______bywar,starvationorinfectiousdiseases.问题1选项A.stagnatedB.suppressedC.contrivedD.decimated7.单选题TomandRachelLeihbachei’sfriendshavealwaysbeeninstrumentalintheirlives.问题1选项A.approachableB.thoughtfulC.functionalD.helpful8.单选题Somethingunexpectedhappenedtothemountainclimber,buthewascalmenoughto______theprotrudingrock.问题1选项A.sizeupB.hangontoC.packinD.breakup9.单选题Theydenouncedeficitspending,declaringthatyoucan’tsolvedebtproblemwithmoredebt.问题1选项A.condemnB.disputeC.contendD.neglect10.单选题Theairportpolicewho______thegirlconcludedthatshewasinnocentandhadn’tknownaboutthedrugs.问题1选项A.interrogatedB.shroudedC.ratifiedD.muffled11.单选题OverthecenturiesboththeNileandthedesertsandsimperceptiblyshifted,andthistemplewaslosttotheworlduntil1813,whenitwasaccidentallyrediscoveredbytheSwissexplorerJeanLouisBurckhardt.问题1选项A.enormouslyB.unstablyC.progressivelyD.unnoticeably12.单选题TheprominentBritishsurgeonJosephListerpioneeredtheuseofcarbolicacidto______surgicalinstruments,suturesandwounddressing,therebypreventinginfectionofwounds.问题1选项A.obviateB.desolateC.mandateD.sterilize13.单选题Thisisbuta______ofthetotalamountofinformationwhichtheteenagershavestored.问题1选项A.frictionB.fractionC.factionD.fracture14.单选题TheEuropeanUnionrevealedonJanuary23thhowitplanstosavetheworld.Amammothclimate-changeplanspellsoutindetailhowmuchpaineachofits27memberswillhavetobeariftheEUistomeetambitioustargetssetbynationalleaderslastMatch.Theaimistocutgreenhouse-gasemissionsby2020byatleastafifth,andmorethandoubleto20%theamountofenergyproducedfromrenewablesourcessuchaswindorwavepower.Iffuelfromplantsprovesgreenenough,10%ofthefuelusedintransportmustcomefrombiofuelsbythesamedate.Thenewplanturnsthesegoalsintonationaltargets.Thiswillsurelystartmuchgrumblingandmonthsofhorse-trading,astheEuropeanCommission’srecommendationsareturnedintobindinglawbynationalgovernmentsandtheEuropeanParliament.Countrieswithgreeneryintheirveinsarebeingaskedtotakemoreoftheburdenthannewermembers.Sweden,forexample,isbeinginvitedtomeet49%ofitsenergyfromrenewables.Attheotherend,Maltagetsarenewablestargetofjust10%.Itisasimilarstorywhenitcomestocuttinggreenhousegases:by2020,Denmarkmustcutemissionsby20%from2005levels;BulgariaandRomania,thenewestmembers,maylettheiremissionsriseby20%.EUleadershiponclimatechangewillnotcomecheap.Thedirectcostsalonemaybee60billion($87billion),orabout0.5%oftotalEUGDP,by2020,saidthecommission’spresident,JoseManuelBarroso.Butthisisstillpresentedasabargaincomparedwiththecostofinaction,whichMrBarrosoputattentimesashigh.“Oh,leadingtheworldinthefightagainstclimatechangeneednotcostjobs,eveninthemostheavilypollutingbranchesofheavyindustry.WewanttokeepourindustryinEurope”,insistedMr.Barroso.ThetricktoachievetheseeminglyimpossibletargetsistheEU’semissions-tradingscheme(ETS).ThisobligesbigpolluterssuchaspowercompaniesormanufacturinggiantstotradepermitsthatallowthemtoemitCO2andotherclimate-changenasties,withinasteadilytighteningoverallcap.IfcountriessuchastheUnitedStatesdonotsignbindinginternationalagreementsby2011,thentheheaviestgreenhouse-gasemittersinsidetheEUmaybegiventheseallowancesfree,thecommissionsuggests.Or,itthreatens,firmsoutsidetheEUcouldbeforcedtobuyETSpermits.1.Toitsmembernations,theEU’splanmeans______.2.Byusingsomedatainparagraph3,theauthor______.3.AccordingtoMr.Barroso,heavyindustryintheEUcountrieswill______.4.AccordingtotheEU’sETS,bigpolluters______.问题1选项A.afiercecompetitionB.anidealgoalC.agoodopportunityD.adifficulttask问题2选项A.givesanobjectivedescriptionofthetaskassignmentamongEUcountriesB.showsdisapprovalofallowingsomenationstoraisetheirCO2emissionsC.revealshispuzzlementaboutwhysomenationsaretodolessthanothersD.presentshisadmirationforthosewhotakegreaterpainstosavetheworld问题3选项A.stopbeingthebiggestpolluterB.beshortofskilledworkforceC.continueoperatingD.reactwithinaction问题4选项A.shallbegivennopermitsuntil2011B.havetopayfortheirexistenceC.willbeallowedafixedamountofemissionsD.canbenefitiftheychoosetobeinsidetheEU15.单选题IntheITindustry,somethinkofBillGatesasamonsterwhileothers______himasalivinggod.问题1选项A.extricateB.disparageC.emulateD.revere16.单选题AlthoughtheArabcutbacksrepresentedalossoflessthan7percentinworldsupply,theycreatedpaniconthepartofoilcompanies,consumers,oiltraders,andsomegovernments.问题1选项A.frightB.deficitC.strainD.misfortune17.单选题Superstitionisabiasedword.Lookupalmostanydictionarydefinitionandyouwillseethatitimpliesthateveryreligionnotbasedonreasonorknowledgeiscalledasuperstition.Eventhewordknowledgeisatwo-facedword.Presumably,itisusedasasynonymforreason.Whatitallcomesdowntoisthatpeopledesignateassuperstitiouswhattheydonotthinkreasonableinsomeoneelse’sreligion.Itistruethataperson’sreligionmustbebasedonsomekindofknowledge.Butwhatkindofknowledgeismeant?Scientific,experimental,rational?Suchknowledgeisnaturalandmaybeethicalandthenitisnaturalreligiousknowledge.ApersonmayquiteeasilyconcludefromobservingtheuniversethatonlyGodcouldhaveproducedit.Thatknowledgeisnotreligion,notevenifapersonisboundtorecognizeaCreatoroftheuniverse.ItisnaturalknowledgesuchasConfucius,SocratesorZoroasterpossessed.Naturalreligiousknowledge,asisevidentinthehistoryofthehumanrace,althoughithelpstomakeamangood,hardlysufficestokeephimgood,especiallyintimesofcrisis.Willsuchnaturalknowledge,forinstance,sustainamanwhenhehassuddenlylostallhismoneyandevenhiswifeandchildren?Willitofferthehopeofeverseeingthemagain?Willitinfluencehimgladlytosacrificehislifeforhisfamily,hiscountry,hisreligion?Onlyastrongsenseofsupernaturalreligion,arelianceuponGod,willprovidethenecessarycourageforrightaction.Allthegreatreligionsoftheworld—Christianity,Hinduism,ChineseBuddhismandIslam—haveshownmenthewaytosuchcourageanditsresultingpeaceofmindandheartandpeacewithallmen.Theypointtoabettersortoflife,mostlyalifesomewhereelse,or,atleast,anendtothetroublesofthislife.ChristianityandIslamdirectmentolookup,hopeforandstriveafteraneternallifeofhappinessinthepossessionofGod.Hinduism,althoughitbelievesinreincarnations,alsoencouragesitsadherentstoachievesuccessivelyhigherincarnationsuntiltheyachieveunity,becomeonewithBrahman—God.ChineseBuddhismtellsitsfollowersthatiftheyperformgooddeedsandhavefaithinOmitofoobyfrequentlycallinguponthisGodofInfiniteCompassiontheywillberewardedbyeternallifeintheWesternParadise.Theagnosticortheatheistthinksofallofthosecreedsasreligioussuperstition.Aretheagnosticandtheatheistfreeofsuperstition?Hardly.Everythinkingmanhasanaturalbentforreligion,foridealsaboveandbeyondearthlyones.Ifhecrusheshisnaturalinclination,whichisGod-inspiredideals,hemostlikelywillsubstituteaseriesofself-inspiredidealsorsomefadlikeastrology,whichwillbecomeareligionforhim.Thereisalinebetweenreligionandsuperstitionwhicheveryonemustlearntoidentify,orforfeitatruedirectioninhislife.1.Accordingtothepassage,peopledefinesuperstitionas______.2.Accordingtotheauthor,allthegreatreligionsoftheworld______.3.Fromthepassagewearetoldthattheatheists______.4.Ofthefollowingsuggestedtitle,theonethatmostaccuratelysumsupthepassageis______.问题1选项A.somereligiousknowledgenotbasedonreasonB.naturalknowledgeofareligionC.anythingthatseemsunreasonableinanotherperson’sreligionD.someoneelse’sreligion问题2选项A.bringpeaceofmindandpeacewithotherhumanbeingB.putforthabetterlifenowandpromiseeternallifeintheWesternParadiseC.givecouragetotheiradherentstoliveanddiepeacefullyD.urgetheiradherentstoachievehigherincarnations问题3选项A.havelittleornoreligiousknowledgeB.haveidealsthatarebeyondearthlyonesC.aremostlyastrologerswhohavetoomanymaterialisticidealsinlifeD.areactuallynotfreefromsuperstition问题4选项A.TheGreatReligionsonEarthB.IngredientsofSuperstitionC.ReligionandSuperstitionD.AchieveUnitywithGod18.单选题AristotlecouldhaveavoidedthemistakeofthinkingthatwomenhavelessteeththanmenbythesimpledeviceofaskingMrs.Aristotletokeephermouthopenwhilehecounted.问题1选项A.couldhaveavoidedB.lessteethC.bythesimpledeviceD.open19.单选题Peoplemaygetverseswrong,buttheyalsomangleplentyofwell-knownbiblicalstoriesaswell.问题1选项A.spoilB.imitateC.formulateD.violate20.单选题I’mtooignorantaboutsuchmatters;Iamnotqualifiedtocomment,butitseemstomesomebodywhohasstudiedataprestigiousuniversityabroadcouldn’tbeasbadasyousay.问题1选项A.profoundB.civilizedC.well-knownD.conventional第1卷参考答案一.综合题1.【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A项inverse“使倒转，使颠倒”，B项esteem“尊敬，尊重”，C项exclaim“呼喊，惊叫，大声叫嚷”，D项hoard“贮藏（钱财或贵重物品），（在某物匮乏时）积敛”。由Europeanswhoadmiredtheirgentlemenofleisure“欧洲人羡慕美国悠闲的绅士”可推理，美国人悠闲，而欧洲人重视努力工作。句意：努力工作是受人尊敬的观念使美国人和欧洲人区别开来，欧洲人羡慕他们悠闲的绅士。因此，该题选择B项正确。2.【答案】即使没有这些保护措施，个人也可以采取行动保护自己的隐私。有时候，如果消费者一直呼吁隐私保护的话，市场力量可以为公司进行隐私保护而创造动机。消费者应该在公司的宣传推广资料中研究隐私权政策。如果这种政策不中用或者不存在的话，那么公司使用任何从合法渠道获取的个人信息会被认为是合理的。当面对他们所认为的过分的信息要求时，消费者也可以通过询问信息为什么是相关的或者拒绝回答问题，以进行隐私保护。最后，个人可以通过告知其他公民关于具体的隐私问题来采取主动权。许多对隐私的威胁没有公开仅仅是因为对于目前的隐私提倡者来说，其中有太多隐私威胁需要追踪了。当提交给相关网络论坛、监察组织或者媒体时，甚至有关未公开的隐私问题的简单研究都能产生影响。3.【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A项enlist“支持，从军，应募”，B项embezzle“盗用，挪用，贪污”，C项dissipate“浪费，使……消散”，D项subscribe“订阅，捐款，认购”。根据关键词$1,000可知collection表示“募捐”，所以用subscribe符合语境。句意：据我所知，那位职员已为那家精神病院捐款一千元。因此，该题选择D项正确。4.【答案】D【解析】考查介词用法。to是不定式，后面的动词一般都要跟动词原形，而句子中的improved是过去分词形式，并且leadtodosth.是固定用法。句意：如果面对并接受失败，失败有助于个人成长，并常常导致改善人际关系。因此，该题选择D项。5.【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。ingenuity表示“心灵手巧，独创性，足智多谋”；A项genius“天才，天赋，精神”，B项novelty“新奇，新奇的事物”，C项tactic“策略，战略”，D项spark“火花，电火花”。句意：关于消费者购买的动机是什么的问题挑战了卖家的想象力和创造力，并迫使研究专家进入新的调查领域。根据句意可知ingenuity在句中表示“创造性”，四个选项中意思与之相近的是B项。因此，该题选择B项正确。6.【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A项stagnate“停滞，淤塞，变萧条”，B项suppress“抑制，镇压，废止”，C项contrive“设计，发明，图谋”，D项decimate“大批杀害，大量毁灭，大大削弱”。根据worlddestroyedbyfloodsorfire“被洪水或火灾摧毁的世界”可知，humanpopulation______bywar填入decimated符合语境。句意：悲观的神话制造者预测世界将被洪水或火灾摧毁，人类将被战争、饥饿或传染病夺去生命。因此，该题选择D项正确。7.【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。instrumental表示“乐器的，有帮助的，仪器的”；A项approachable“亲切友善的，易理解的，可接近的”，B项thoughtful“深思的，体贴的，关切的”，C项functional“功能的”，D项helpful“有帮助的，有益的”。句意：汤姆和雷切尔雷巴赫的朋友在他们的生活中一直很有帮助。根据句意可知，instrumental在句中表示“有帮助的”，D项的意思符合句子。因此，该题选择D项正确。8.【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。A项sizeup“打量，估计……的大小”，B项hangonto“依附，继续保留，紧紧抓住”，C项packin“停止”，D项breakup“打碎，破碎，结束”。由Somethingunexpectedhappenedtothemountainclimber“那位登山者发生了意想不到的事”和theprotrudingrock“突出的岩石”可知，“紧紧抓住”符合语境。句意：登山者发生了意想不到的事情，但他足够冷静地抓住了突出的岩石。因此，该题选择B项正确。9.【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项condemn“谴责；声讨”；B选项dispute“辩论；怀疑”；C选项contend“主张；为……斗争”；D选项neglect“疏忽；忽视；忽略”。句意：他们……赤字开支，宣称用更多的债务解决不了债务问题。根据名词deficitspending“赤字开支”即支出大于收入，也就是超前消费。对这一消费行为有人赞成，也有人否定。根据后面的关键信息youcan’tsolvedebtproblemwithmoredebt.“你不能用更多的债务来解决债务问题”由此看来，这里是不赞成超前消费的，有反对的意味。因此A选项符合题意。10.【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A项interrogate“审问，质问”，B项shroud“覆盖，包以尸衣”，C项ratify“批准，认可”，D项muffle“蒙住，裹住，抑制”。由police“警察”可知，______thegirl表示“审问那个女孩”。句意：机场警察审问了这个女孩，得出的结论是她是无辜的，不知道毒品的事。因此，该题选择A项正确。11.【答案】D【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项enormously“巨大地；非常地”；B选项unstably“不稳定地”；C选项progressively“渐进地；日益增多地”；D选项unnoticeably“不引人注意地；不显著地”。句意：几个世纪以来，尼罗河和沙漠的沙子都……变化着，这座寺庙直到1813年才被世人所知，后来它被瑞士探险家偶然地发现。根据寺庙所发现的时间可知，尼罗河和沙漠的沙子移动的非常缓慢，以至于寺庙是在之后的一大段时间才展露出来。因此D选项符合题意。12.【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A项obviate“排除，避免，消除”，B项desolate“使荒凉，使孤寂”，C项mandate“授权，托管”，D项sterilize“消毒，杀菌，使成不毛”。根据therebypreventinginfectionofwounds“从而防止伤口感染”可知，sterilize符合语境。句意：著名的英国外科医生JosephLister率先使用石炭酸消毒手术器械、缝合线和伤口敷料，从而防止伤口感染。因此，该题选择D项正确。13.【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A项friction“摩擦”，B项fraction“分数，部分，小部分”，C项faction“派别，内讧，小集团”，D项fracture“破裂，断裂”。由thetotalamountofinformation“信息的总量”可知，“一部分”符合语境。句意：这只是青少年储存的全部信息的一小部分。因此，该题选择B项正确。14.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D【解析】1.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“对其成员国来说，欧盟的计划意味着……”。根据第一段最后一句Amammothclimate-changeplanspellsoutindetailhowmuchpaineachofits27memberswillhavetobeariftheEUistomeetambitioustargetssetbynationalleaderslastMatch.（一项庞大的气候变化计划详细说明了如果欧盟想要实现各国领导人在上一场比赛中设定的雄心勃勃的目标，其27个成员国将会承受多大的痛苦）和最后一段第一句ThetricktoachievetheseeminglyimpossibletargetsistheEU’semissions-tradingscheme(ETS).（达到这些似乎不可能的任务的窍门是欧盟的排放交易计划）可推知，对欧盟的成员国来说，这一项计划是很艰巨的任务，D项“一项艰巨的任务”符合题意；A项“一个激烈的竞争”、B项“一个理想的目标”和C项“一个很好的机会”都与文章不符，文章主要讲述的是欧盟制定的拯救世界的计划会需要其成员国更多的责任和代价，是一个不可能实现的计划。因此，该题选择D项正确。2.【试题答案】A【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“通过使用第三段中的一些数据，作者……”。第三段主要围绕绿色能源比重大的国家比其他国家被要求承担更多的责任而进行分析和具体说明，作者在这里只是一个客观的陈述，并未透露自己的情绪观点，A项“客观描述了欧盟国家之间的任务分配”符合题意；B项“表示不赞成一些国家提高二氧化碳排放量”、C项“揭示了他对为什么有些国家比其他国家做得少的困惑”和D项“对那些为拯救世界付出更大努力的人表示钦佩”概括不正确。因此，该题选择A项正确。3.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“据巴罗佐先生说，欧盟国家的重工业将会……”。根据第四段巴罗佐先生说的话Oh,leadingtheworldinthefightagainstclimatechangeneednotcostjobs,eveninthemostheavilypollutingbranchesofheavyindustry.WewanttokeepourindustryinEurope.（领导世界对抗气候变化不需要以就业为代价，即使是在污染最严重的重工业，我们想留住欧洲的工业产业）可知，欧盟国家的重工业将会继续，C项“继续运营”正确；由此也可知A项“停止做最大的污染者”错误；B项“缺少熟练劳动力”没有提到；由Butthisisstillpresentedasabargaincomparedwiththecostofinaction,whichMrBarrosoputattentimesashigh.（但与不作为的代价相比，这仍然是一笔便宜的交易，巴罗佐认为不作为的代价是它的十倍）可知，不作为的代价很高，所以欧盟国家的重工业不会不作为，D项“不作为”错误。因此，该题选择C项正确。4.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“根据欧盟排放交易体系，大污染企业……”。根据最后一段对欧盟排放交易体系的描述：ThisobligesbigpolluterssuchaspowercompaniesormanufacturinggiantstotradepermitsthatallowthemtoemitCO2andotherclimate-changenasties,withinasteadilytighteningoverallcap.IfcountriessuchastheUnitedStatesdonotsignbindinginternationalagreementsby2011,thentheheaviestgreenhouse-gasemittersinsidetheEUmaybegiventheseallowancesfree,thecommissionsuggests.Or,itthreatens,firmsoutsidetheEUcouldbeforcedtobuyETSpermits.（这就迫使电力公司等大型污染者或者制造巨头交易许可证，以允许他们在稳步收紧总体限制范围内排放二氧化碳和其他造成气候变化的排放物。委员会暗示，如果像美国这样的国家到2011年不签署约束性国际协议，那么最大的温室气体排放国在欧盟可能会免费得到准许。或者，委员会威胁到，欧盟以外的公司可能会被迫购买ETS许可。），由此可以推理，大型污染企业如果选择加入欧盟就能够获益，而不至于被迫购买ETS许可，故D项“如果他们选择留在欧盟，他们可以从中受益”正确；A项“在2011年之前都不会得到许可”表述不完全；B项“必须为他们的生存付出代价”概括不准确；C项“将被允许一个固定的排放量”这是在加入欧盟的前提下才能实现。因此，该题选择D项正确。15.【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A项extricate“使解脱，解救”，B项disparage“贬低，抨击，诋毁”，C项emulate“仿真，模仿，尽力赶上”，D项revere“敬畏，尊敬，崇敬”。由while“然而”和asamonster“一个怪物”以及asalivinggod“活着的神”可知，前后语义是相反的，那么空格处填入“尊敬”符合句意。句意：在IT行业，一些人认为比尔•盖茨是一个怪物，而另一些人则把他尊为活着的神。因此，该题选择D项正确。16.【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。panic表示“恐慌，惊慌”；A项fright“惊吓，惊骇”，B项deficit“赤字，不足额”，C项strain“张力，拉紧，负担”，D项misfortune“不幸，灾祸，灾难”。句意：尽管阿拉伯的减产代表着全球供应减少了不到7%，但却引起了石油公司、消费者、石油交易商和一些政府的恐慌。因此，根据句意可知A选项正确。17.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:C【解析】1.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“根据文章，人们把迷信定义为……”。根据第一段最后一句Whatitallcomesdowntoisthatpeopledesignateassuperstitiouswhattheydonotthinkreasonableinsomeoneelse’sreligion.（归根结底，人们认为在别人的宗教中他们认为不合理的东西是迷信的）可知，C项“在另一个人的宗教中似乎不合理的任何事情”正确；A项“一些不是基于理性的宗教知识”是字典上对于迷信的定义，并不是人们的定义；B项“宗教的自然知识”这属于宗教信仰建立的基础；D项“其他人的宗教”没有提到。因此，该题选择C项正确。2.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“根据作者，世界上所有伟大的宗教……”。根据第四段第一句Allthegreatreligionsoftheworld—Christianity,Hinduism,ChineseBuddhismandIslam—haveshownmenthewaytosuchcourageanditsresultingpeaceofmindandheartandpeacewithallmen.（世界上所有伟大的宗教—基督教、印度教、中国佛教和伊斯兰教—都向人们展示了通往这种勇气的道路，以及由此产生的心灵和平与所有人的和平）可知，A项“带来内心的平和，以及与他人之间的平和”正确；B项“提出更好的生活，并承诺在西天永生”和D项“敦促他们的追随者达到更高的化身”该段没有提到；由第四段第二句Theypointtoabettersortoflife,mostlyalifesomewhereelse,or,atleast,anendtothetroublesofthislife（它们预示着一种更好的生活，大多是另一个地方的生活，或者至少，结束了今生的烦恼）可知，C项“给他们的信徒勇气，让他们平静地活着和死去”与原文不符。因此，该题选择A项正确。3.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“从文章中我们得知，无神论者……”。根据倒数第二段中的Aretheagnosticandtheatheistfreeofsuperstition?Hardly.Everythinkingmanhasanaturalbentforreligion,foridealsaboveandbeyondearthlyones.（不可知论者和无神论者都能摆脱迷信吗？几乎不能。每个有思想的人都有一种天生的宗教倾向，一种超越世俗的理想倾向）可知，D项“事实上并不能摆脱迷信”正确；A项“很少或没有宗教知识”没有提到；B项“有超越世俗的理想”不够全面；根据倒数第二段最后一句Ifhecrusheshisnaturalinclination,whichisGod-inspiredideals,hemostlikelywillsubstituteaseriesofself-inspiredidealsorsomefadlikeastrology,whichwillbecomeareligionforhim.（如果他打破了自己的自然倾向，那就是上帝启发的理想，他很可能会用一系列自我启发的理想或某种流行的占星术来代替，这将成为他的宗教）可知，C项“大多是在生活中有太多的唯物主义的理想的占星家”中的唯物主义理想并没有提到。因此，该题选择D项正确。4.【试题答案】C【试题解析】主旨大意题。题干意思是“在以下建议的标题中，最准确地总结了这篇文章的是……”。文章开篇先阐述了迷信的定义，这个概念和宗教有关，然后又讲述了宗教信仰中存在的迷信思想，并在文章的最后总结了迷信和宗教的区别：Thereisalinebetweenreligionandsuperstitionwhicheveryonemustlearntoidentify,orforfeitatruedirectioninhislife.（宗教和迷信之间有一条界线，每个人都必须学会辨别这条界线，否则就会失去人生的真正方向）；综合推断，C项“宗教和迷信”最适合做文章的标题；A项“地球上最伟大的宗教”、B项“迷信的成分”和D项“与神合一”都只是文章的一部分。因此，该题选择C项正确。18.【答案】B【解析】考查语法。Less是little的比较级，用来修饰不可数名词，teeth是可数名词，所以应该用few的比较级fewer。句意：亚里斯多德认为女人的牙齿比男人的少，只要让亚里斯多德太太张着嘴让他数一数，他本可以避免这个错误。因此，该题选择B项。19.【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项spoil“溺爱；糟蹋；破坏”；B选项imitate“模仿；仿造”；C选项formulate“规划；用公式表示；明确地表达”；D选项violate“违反；侵犯”。句意：人们可能会读错经文，但他们也会……许多著名的圣经故事。由关键信息getverseswrong“读错经文”只是常见问题，后一句会加深问题的严重性。因此可以排除B，C选项。D选项一般是指违反规则，这里的承受对象是biblicalstories“圣经故事”，不能适用。因此A选项符合题意。20.【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项profound“深厚的；意义深远的；渊博的”；B选项civilized“文明的；有礼貌的”；C选项well-known“著名的；众所周知的”；D选项conventional“传统的；惯例的”。句意：我对这类事情太无知了，所以我没有资格评论，但在我看来，一个在国外……大学学习过的人不可能像你说的那么差。由后面的名词university“大学”，可排除A，B选项，因为它们常用来形容人，而非事物。由后面的信息couldn’tbeasbadasyousay“不能如你说的那样糟糕”，由此可知在他眼里那个人至少应该是优秀的，大多情况下优秀的人会考上声望很高的大学。因此C选项符合题意。第2卷一.综合题(共20题)1.单选题Scientistshopethecollisionwillproducealargecraterinthecomet’ssurfaceinordertorevealthecoreandgivesome______totheoriginofthesolarsystem.问题1选项A.sourcesB.interpretationsC.cluesD.observations2.单选题Computersystemsemploymanytacticstothwartunauthorizedaccess.Manycomputersystemsrequireausertoenterasecretpasswordtogainaccess.问题1选项A.strengthenB.preventC.superviseD.restrict3.单选题Actorsonstagebringcharacterstofulllife,whowould______havelaininert/powerlessontheprintedpage.问题1选项A.thereofB.neverthelessC.furthermoreD.otherwise4.单选题Shesaidgoodnightasecondtimeandrandownstairsagainto______allherpreparationsforthemorrow.问题1选项A.turnonB.accountforC.wrestlewithD.letdown5.单选题Duringourexploration,wediscoveredthatpeoplewillexploitthenewnessandbreadthoftheInformationMarketplacetosupporttheirwishesand______.问题1选项A.breachesB.premisesC.rutsD.predilections6.单选题Negativedatasurpriseshaveforcedmanytodowngradetheirforecastsforgrowthandpolicyimplications,especiallyintheUS.问题1选项A.rejectB.reduceC.reformD.reserve7.单选题Thetrainingofhumanintelligencemustincludethesimultaneousdevelopmentoftheempatheticcapacity.问题1选项A.simulatedB.coincidentC.instantaneousD.similar8.单选题We’vemadetentativeplansforaholidaybuthaven’tdecidedanythingyet.问题1选项A.temporaryB.detailedC.purposelyD.refreshing9.单选题Evenifthegenesthemselvesarenotinitiallyhazardous,youdonotknowhowtheyaregoingtoevolve.问题1选项A.partiallyB.originallyC.ultimatelyD.fundamentally10.单选题Themoreskilfulyouare,themoreyontendtocutcornerswhich,ifuncheckedforlongperiods,will______intobadhabits.问题1选项A.splitB.sneakC.deludeD.degenerate11.单选题Resourcescanbesaidtobescarceinbothanabsoluteandarelativesense:thesurfaceoftheearthisfinite,imposingabsolutescarcity;butthescarcitythatconcernseconomistsistherelativescarcityofresourcesindifferentuses.Materialsusedforonepurposecannotatthesametimebeusedforotherpurposes;ifthequantityofaninputislimited,theincreaseduseofitinonemanufacturingprocessmustcauseittobecomelessavailableforotheruses.Thecostofaproductintermsofmoneymaynotmeasureitstruecosttosociety.Thetruecostof,say,theconstructionofasupersonicjetisthevalueoftheschoolsandrefrigeratorsthatwillneverbebuiltasaresult.Everyactofproductionusesupsomeofsociety’savailableresources;itmeanstheforegoingofanopportunitytoproducesomethingelse.Indecidinghowtouseresourcesmosteffectivelytosatisfythewantsofthecommunity,thisopportunitycostmustbetakenintoaccount.Inamarketeconomythepriceofagoodsandthequantitysupplieddependsonthecostofmakingit,andthecost,ultimately,isthecostofnotmakingothergoods.Themarketmechanismenforcesthisrelationship.Thecostof,say,apairofshoesisthepriceoftheleather,thefuel,andotherelementsusedupinproducingthem.Butthepriceoftheseinputs,inturn,dependsonwhattheycanproduceelsewhere—iftheleathercanbeusedtoproducehandbagsthatarevaluedhighlybyconsumers,thepriceofleatherwillbebidupcorrespondingly.1.Accordingtothepassage,whataretheopportunitycostsofanitem?2.Whatistherelationshipbetweenproductionandresources?3.Whatdeterminesthepriceofagoodsinamarketeconomy?4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?5.Whatareeconomistsconcernedaboutwithregardtoresources?问题1选项A.Thepriceofthematerial,laborandotherelementsconsumedinmanufacturingit.B.Theamountoftimeandmoneyspentinproducingit.C.Thevalueofalltheresourcesusedinitsproduction.D.Thevalueofwhatcouldhavebeenproducedinstead.问题2选项A.Productionreducestheamountofavailableresources.B.Productionhasnothingtodowithresources.C.Productionincreasesasresourcesincrease.D.Productionisstimulatedbyavailableresources.问题3选项A.Thecostofallelementsinvolvedinproduction.B.Thequantityofmaterialssupplied.C.Theefficiencyofthemanufacturingprocess.D.Thecostoflabor.问题4选项A.Thecostofaproductreflectsitsusefulnessinsociety.B.Thecostofaproductdependsonitsquality.C.Thepriceofaproductreflectsitsusefulnessinsociety.D.Thepriceofaproductreflectsitsopportunitycosts.问题5选项A.Howtotapnaturalresources.B.Howtocopewithabsolutescarcityofresources.C.Howtouseavailableresourcesappropriately.D.Howtoconvertabsolutescarcityofresourcesintorelativeone.12.单选题Duringhis10yearsofserviceinTibetheworkedmuchmorethanwhichwasgoodforhishealthandnowheisvirtuallyaninvalid.问题1选项A.yearsofserviceB.thanwhichC.forD.virtually13.单选题Helookedwithraptureatthefaceofhisnewlybornbaby.问题1选项A.surpriseB.ecstasyC.woeD.kindness14.单选题Clothesplayacriticalroleintheconclusionswereachbyprovidingcluestowhopeopleare,whotheyarenot,andwhotheywouldliketobe.Theytellusagooddealaboutthewearer’sbackground,personality,status,moodandsocialoutlook.Sinceclothesaresuchanimportantsourceofsocialinformation,weusethemtomanipulatepeople’simpressionofus.Ourappearanceassumesparticularsignificanceintheinitialphasesofinteractionthatislikelytooccur.Anelderlymiddle-classmanorwomanmaybealienatedbyayoungadultwhoisdressedinanunconventionalmanner,regardlessoftheperson’seducation,background,orinterests.Peopletendtoagreeonwhatcertaintypesofclothesmean.Adolescentgirlscaneasilyagreeonthelifestylesofgirlswhowearcertainoutfit,includingthenumberofboyfriendstheylikelyhavehadandwhethertheysmokeordrink.Newscasters,ortheannouncerswhoreadthenewsonTV,areconsideredtobemoreconvincing,honest,andcompetentwhentheyaredressedconservatively.Andcollegestudentswhoviewthemselvesastakinganactiveroleintheirinterpersonalrelationshipssaytheyareconcernedaboutthecostumestheymustweartoplaytheserolessuccessfully.Moreover,manyofuscanrelateinstancesinwhichtheclothesweworechangedthewaywefeltaboutourselvesandhowweacted.Perhapsyouhaveusedclothingtogainconfidencewhenyouanticipatedastressfulsituation,suchasajobinterview,oracourtappearance.Intheworkplace,menhavelonghadwell-definedprecedentsandrolemodelsforachievingsuccess.Ithasbeenotherwiseforwomen.Agoodmanywomeninthebusinessworldareuncertainabouttheappropriatemixtureof“masculine”and“feminine”attributestheyshouldconveybytheirprofessionalclothing.Thevarietyofclothingalternativestowomenhasalsobeengreaterthanthatavailableformen.Maleadministratorstendtojudgewomenmorefavorablyformanagerialpositionswhenthewomendisplayless“feminine”grooming—shorterhair,moderateuseofmake-up,andplaintailoredclothing.Asonemaleadministratorconfessed,“Anattractivewomanisdefinitelygoingtogetalongerinterview,butshewon’tgetajob.”1.Accordingtothesecondparagraph,anelderlymiddle-classmanand