2023年考研考博考博英语昆明理工大学考试高频考点参考题库带答案

2023年考研考博考博英语昆明理工大学考试高频考点参考题库带答案（图片大小可自由调整）答案解析附后第1卷一.综合题(共20题)1.单选题The（

）viewinBritainandotherWesterncountriesassociatesagingwithdecline,dependency,isolation,andoftenpoverty.问题1选项A.predominantB.credulousC.inclusiveD.sustainable2.单选题BenjaminFranklin,tactlessinhisyouth,becamesodiplomatic,so（

）athandlingpeoplethathewasmadeAmericanAmbassadortoFrance.问题1选项A.shrewdB.foxyC.considerateD.adroit3.单选题Professionalarchivistsandlibrarianshavetheresourcestoduplicatematerialsinotherformatsandtheexpertisetoretrievematerialstrappedin（

）computers.问题1选项A.abstractB.obsoleteC.obstinateD.obese4.单选题Hesettheengineofthecar（

）.问题1选项A.goingB.goC.togoingD.ongoing5.单选题Thereusedtobeathreathereyearsago,（

）?问题1选项A.didn’titB.usedn’titC.didn’tthereusetoD.didn’tthere6.单选题Reportersandphotographersaliketookgreat（

）attherudewaytheactorbehavedduringtheinterview.问题1选项A.annoyanceB.resentmentC.offenceD.irritation7.单选题Thisnewlyestablishedinstitutionhastofaceawholerangeofcrimesand（

）.问题1选项A.femininityB.prescriptionsC.delinquenciesD.authenticity8.单选题Dr.Smithfailedmanytimesbuthefinally（

）tofindasuccessfulwaytosolvetheproblem.问题1选项A.brokeoffB.brokedownC.brokeoutD.brokethrough9.单选题

JackwasabouttoannounceourplanbutI（

）.问题1选项A.cuthimshortB.gavehimupC.turnedhimoutD.puthimthrough10.单选题Beingimpatientis（

）withbeingagoodteacher.问题1选项A.intrinsicB.ingeniousC.incompatibleD.inherent11.单选题Shewasdeliriouslastnight,butsheseemsquite（

）thismorning.问题1选项A.insaneB.lucidC.patientD.messy12.单选题Consumersdeprivedoftheinformationandadvicetheyneededwerequitesimply（

）everycheatinthemarketplace.问题1选项A.inlieuofB.forthepriceofC.bycourtesyofD.atthemercyof13.单选题Warmaybeanaturalexpressionofbiologicalinstinctsanddrivestowardaggressioninthehumanspecies.Naturalimpulsesofanger,hostility,andterritorialityareexpressedthroughactsofviolence.Theseareallqualitiesthathumanssharewithanimals.Aggressionisakindofinnatesurvivalmechanism,aninstinctforself-preservationthatallowsanimalstodefendthemselvesfromthreatstotheirexistence.But,ontheotherhand,humanviolenceshowsevidenceofbeingalearnedbehavior.Inthecaseofhumanaggression,violencecannotbesimplyreducedtoaninstinct.Themanyexpressionsofhumanviolencearealwaysconditionedbysocialconventionsthatgiveshapetoaggressivebehavior.Inhumansocietiesviolencehasasocialfunction:Itisastrategyforcreatingordestroyingformsofsocialorder.Religioustraditionshavetakenaleadingroleindirectingthepowersofviolence.Wewilllookattheritualandethicalpatternswithinwhichhumanviolencehasbeendirected.Theviolencewithinasocietyiscontrolledthroughinstitutionsoflaw.Themoredevelopedalegalsystembecomes,themoresocietytakesresponsibilityforthediscovery,control,andpunishmentofviolentacts.Inmosttribalsocietiestheonlymeanstodealwithanactofviolenceisrevenge.Eachfamilygroupmayhavetheresponsibilityforpersonallycarryingoutjudgmentandpunishmentuponthepersonwhocommittedtheoffense.Butinlegalsystems,theresponsibilityforrevengebecomesdepersonalizedanddiffused.Thesocietyassumestheresponsibilityforprotectingindividualsfromviolence.Incaseswheretheycannotbeprotected,thesocietyisresponsibleforimposingpunishment.Inastatecontrolledlegalsystem,individualsareremovedfromthecyclesofrevengemotivatedbyactsofviolence,andthestateassumesresponsibilityfortheirprotection.Theothersideofastatelegalapparatusisastatemilitaryapparatus.Whiletheoneprotectstheindividualfromviolence,theothersacrificestheindividualtoviolenceintheinterestsofthestate.Inwarthestateaffirmsitssupremepowerovertheindividualswithinitsownborders.Warisnotsimplyatrialbycombattosettledisputesbetweenstates;itisthemomentwhenthestatemakesitsmostpowerfuldemandsuponitspeoplefortheirrecommitment,allegiance,andsupremesacrifice.Timesofwartestacommunity’sdeepestreligiousandethicalcommitments.1.Humanviolenceshowsevidenceofbeingalearnedbehaviorinthat（

）.2.Thefunctionoflegalsystems,accordingtothepassage,is（

）.

3.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“...inlegalsystems,theresponsibilityforrevengebecomesdepersonalizedanddiffused”(Lines5-6,Para.2)?4.Theword“allegiance”(Line5,Para.3)isclosestinmeaningto（

）.

5.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?问题1选项A.itthreatenstheexistingsocialsystemsB.itisinfluencedbysocietyC.ithasrootsinreligiousconflictsD.itisdirectedagainstinstitutionsoflaw问题2选项A.tocontrolviolencewithinasocietyB.toprotecttheworldfromchaosC.tofreesocietyfromtheideaofrevengeD.togivethegovernmentabsolutepower问题3选项A.Legalsystemsgreatlyreducethepossibilitiesofphysicalviolence.B.Offensesagainstindividualsarenolongerjudgedonapersonalbasis.C.Victimsofviolencefinditmoredifficulttotakerevenge.D.Punishmentisnotcarriedoutdirectlybytheindividualsinvolved.问题4选项A.loyaltyB.objectiveC.survivalD.motive问题5选项A.Governmentstendtoabusetheirsupremepowerintimesofwar.B.Intimesofwargovernmentsmayextendtheirpoweracrossnationalborders.C.Intimesofwargovernmentsimposehighreligiousandethicalstandardsontheirpeople.D.Governmentsmaysacrificeindividualsintheinterestsofthestateintimesofwar.14.单选题I（

）youthatthegoodswillbedeliverednextweek.问题1选项A.ensureB.assureC.confirmD.insist15.单选题CrowdcontrolcouldsoonbecomeacrucialskillforclimbersonMountEverest,asimportantasphysicalstrengthorwatchingtheweather.Inasingledaylastweek,nearly40peoplereachedthetopoftheworld—arecord.Reportssentbysatellitetelephonefrombasecampspokeofqueuesatdangerousridgesandcrowdedaspeoplepassedeachotherinthefinaldashforthe8,848meters(29,129ft)summit.Moretraditionalmountaineerssneer(嘲笑)atthecircusatmospheresurroundingEverestinrecentyears,andtherearewarningsthatthecrowdsaremakingthemountainmoredangerous.Overcrowdinghasalreadytakenitstoll.In1996,14diedonthemountainwhenthemembersofseveralexpeditionsweretrappedathighaltitudesbysuddensnowstorm.BadweatherinearlyMayledtothisyear’sjamonthesummitridge,butthetoll,luckily,waslight.Justfourclimbersdied,includingaNepaliSherpawhohadmade11previoussuccessfulclimbing.Traditionalistsarealsoworriedaboutthegrowingtendencyofexpeditionstosetrecordsandachieve“firsts”,ratherthansimplyclimbthemountain.Thisyear’scropofsummiteersincludedtheoldestman,64-year-oIdShermanBullfromConnecticut,andtheyoungest:16-year-oldTembaTsheriSherpaofNepal.AnAmericanwithonlyonearmwasonthemountainthisyear;anIndianwithnolegsalsotriedbuttonoavail.Inthemostspectacularfeat,ErikWeihenmeyer,anAmerican,becamethefirstblindpersontoreachthetopoftheworld.Hisfellowclimbersstayedinfrontofhimonthewayup,describingtheterrainandringingbells.NepalviewsMountEverestassomethingofacashcow;thegovernmentchargesexpeditionsaminimumof$70,000.ThatisprobablywhyofficialsinKatmanduareignoringconcernsaboutovercrowdingandtalkingaboutevenmoreclimberscomingnextyear.Butacelebrationofthe48thanniversaryofthefirstconquestofEverest,bySirEdmundHillaryandSherpaTenzingNorgay,wascancelledafterviolentstrikes,calledbytheCommunistopposition.Retuningclimberswhothoughttheirchallengewasoverhadtowalkfromhoteltoairportsotheycouldflyhometotheusualtriumphalwelcome.TumultuousNepalipolitics,itseems,couldbejustthecrowd-controlmeasurethatEverestneeds.1.WhatisimportanttoclimbersonMountEverest?2.Moreaccidentshavehappenedinrecentyearsdueto（

）.3.Severalsummiteersarementionedinthethirdparagraphtoshow（

）.

4.TheattitudeoftheNepaligovernmenttowardthecircusatmosphereis（

）.

5.AnanniversarycelebrationofthefirstconquestofEverestwascancelleddueto（

）.问题1选项A.Watchingtheweather.B.Makingafinaldash.C.Psychologicaladjustment.D.Groupmanagement.问题2选项A.badgeographicalconditionsB.carelessnessoftheclimbersC.overcrowdingD.snowstorms问题3选项A.theircourageB.theirdiversityC.theirgreatachievementsD.theircommonmotivation问题4选项A.indifferentB.welcomingC.worriedD.concerned问题5选项A.overcrowdingB.politicalreasonsC.thereturningoftheclimbersD.thelackofcrowd-controlmeasure16.单选题Thequestionofsalaryincreasewill（

）atthenextgeneralmeeting.问题1选项A.comeoffB.comeupC.cometoD.comethrough17.单选题Thewordscienceisheardsoofteninmoderntimesthatalmosteverybodyhassomenotionofitsmeaning.Ontheotherhand,itsdefinitionisdifficultformanypeople.Themeaningofthetermisconfused,buteveryoneshouldunderstanditsmeaningandobjectives.Justtomaketheexplanationassimpleaspossible,supposescienceisdefinedasclassifiedknowledge(facts).Eveninthetruesciencesdistinguishingfactfromfictionisnotalwayseasy.Forthisreasongreatcareshouldbetakentodistinguishbetweenbeliefsandtruths.Thereisnodangeraslongasacleardifferenceismadebetweentemporaryandprovedexplanations.Forexample,hypothesesandtheoriesareattemptstoexplainnaturalphenomena.Fromthesepositionsthescientistcontinuestoexperimentandobserveuntiltheyareprovedordiscredited.Theexactstatusofanyexplanationshouldbeclearlylabeledtoavoidconfusion.Theobjectivesofscienceareprimarilythediscoveryandthesubsequentunderstandingoftheunknown.Mancannotbesatisfiedwithrecognizingthatsecretsexistinnatureorthatquestionsareunanswerable,hemustsolvethem.Towardthatendspecialistsinthefieldofbiologyandrelatedfieldsofinterestaredirectingmuchoftheirtimeandenergy.Actually,twobasicapproachesleadtothediscoveryofnewinformation.One,aimedatsatisfyingcuriosity,isreferredtoaspurescience.Theotherisaimedatusingknowledgeforspecificpurposes,forinstance,improvinghealth,raisingstandardsofliving,orcreatingnewconsumerproducts.Inthiscaseknowledgeisputtoeconomicuse.Suchanapproachisreferredtoasappliedscience.Sometimespractical-mindedpeoplemissthepointofpurescienceinthinkingonlyofitsimmediateapplicationforeconomicrewards.Chemistsresponsibleformanyofthediscoveriescouldhardlyhaveanticipatedthattheirfindingswouldonedayresultinapplicationsofsuchapracticalnatureasthosedirectlyrelatedtolifeanddeath.Thediscoveryofonebitofinformationopensthedoortothediscoveryofanother.Somediscoveriesseemsosimplethatoneisamazedtheywerenotmadeyearsago,howeveroneshouldrememberthattheconstructionofthemicroscopehadtoprecedethediscoveryofthecell.Thehostofscientistsdedicatingtheirlivestopuresciencearenotapologeticaboutignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries,theyknowfromexperiencethatmostknowledgeiseventuallyapplied.1.Todefinesciencewemaysimplycallit（

）.2.Purescience,leadingtotheconstructionofamicroscope,

（

）.

3.Ascientistinterestedinaddingtoourgeneralknowledgeaboutoxygenwouldprobablycallhisapproach（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoestheauthorimply?5.Thebesttitleforthepassageis（

）.问题1选项A.thestudyofunrelatedsubjectsB.anattempttoexplainnaturalphenomenaC.thestudyofunrelatedfieldsD.classifiedknowledge问题2选项A.Mayleadtoantiscientific,“impure”resultsB.necessarilyprecedesappliedscience,leadingtothediscoveryofacellC.isnotalwaysaspureaswesupposeD.necessarilyresultsfromappliedscienceandthediscoveryofacell问题3选项A.appliedscienceB.agriculturalscienceC.purescienceD.environmentalscience问题4选项A.Scientistsengagedintheoreticalresearchshouldnotbeblamedforignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries.B.Todayfewpeoplehaveanynotionsofthemeaningofscience.C.Inscience,itisnotdifficulttodistinguishfactfromfiction.D.Practical-mindedpeoplecanunderstandthemeaningandobjectivesofpurescience.问题5选项A.TheNatureofScienceandScientistsB.BiologyandtheScientificAgeC.HypothesesandTheoriesD.OnDistinguishingFactfromFiction18.单选题Itisrather（

）thatwestilldonotknowhowmanyspeciesthereareintheworldtoday.问题1选项A.misleadingB.boringC.embarrassingD.demanding19.单选题Youseethelightning（

）ithappens,butyouhearthethunderlater.问题1选项A.theinstantB.foraninstantC.ontheinstantD.inaninstant20.单选题Asalawyer（

）forhisgoodjudgmentandeloquence,heisofteninvitedtothosegrandbanquetsandmeetsthosedistinguishedpeoplefromallcircles.问题1选项A.noticeableB.notoriousC.nastyD.notable第1卷参考答案一.综合题1.【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项predominant“主要的，占主导地位的”；B选项credulous“轻信的，易受骗的”；C选项inclusive“包括的，包罗广泛的”；D选项sustainable“可持续的”。此处表示英国和其他西方国家的主要观点，故选A。句意：英国和其他西方国家的主流观点认为，老龄化通常与衰落、依赖、孤立以及贫穷有关。2.【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项shrewd“精明的，敏锐的”，指有头脑，善于判断分析，精明过人；B选项foxy“狡猾的”；C选项considerate“考虑周到的，体贴的”；D选项adroit“（尤指待人接物）精明的，干练的，机敏的”。根据空格处前后句意，可知空格处与tactless（得罪人的，不圆通的）表示的意思相反，因此选D。句意：本杰明•富兰克林，年轻时并不圆滑，后来变得很有外交手腕，善于与人打交道，因此被任命为美国驻法国大使。3.【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项abstract“抽象的，理论上的”；B选项obsolete“淘汰的，废弃的，过时的”；C选项obstinate“固执的，顽固的，棘手的”；D选项obese“臃肿的，虚胖的，病态肥胖的”。原句表示“专业档案管理员和图书管理员有方法以其它格式复制资料，并有专门技能挽回困在_____计算机中的资料”，因此B选项符合语境。句意：专业档案管理员和图书管理员有方法以其它格式复制资料，并有专门技能挽回困在废弃计算机中的资料。4.【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。setsth.doing表示“使……开始”；settodo表示“动手干（认真开始干，争论，拳赛，殴斗）”。此处表示使车的引擎发动，因此选A。句意：他发动了汽车的引擎。5.【答案】D【解析】考查反义疑问句。Therebe句型的反义疑问句必须用there进行反问，若be动词前没有其它情态动词或助动词修饰，则反义疑问句用be动词的适当形式，如be动词前有其它情态动词或助动词修饰，则反义疑问句用该情态动词或助动词的适当形式。本题的反义疑问句部分为：usedn’tthere或didn’tthere，因此选D。句意：几年前这里曾经有过威胁，不是吗？6.【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项annoyance“恼怒，生气，烦恼”；B选项resentment“愤恨，怨恨”；C选项offence“犯罪，罪行，冒犯”；D选项irritation“生气，气恼”。只有offence可用于短语takeoffenceatsth.表示“对……生气”。句意：记者和摄影师们都对那位演员在采访过程中的粗鲁表现感到不满。7.【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项femininity“女性气质”；B选项prescription“处方，药方”；C选项delinquency“不法行为，违法行为”；D选项authenticity“真实性，确实性”。由and可知空格处与crimes（罪行，犯罪）具有同样的感情色彩，因此选C。句意：这个新成立的机构必须面对一系列的罪行和违法行为。8.【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项breakoff“（使）分离”；B选项breakdown“失败”；C选项breakout“突然发生，爆发”；D选项breakthrough“突围，突破”。根据转折连词but可知句子前面表示转折关系，由failedmanytimes（多次失败）与finally（最终）可知D选项符合语境。句意：史密斯医生失败了很多次，但他最终突破了，找到了解决问题的成功方法。9.【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项cutsb.short“打断某人”；B选项givesb.up“放弃某人”；C选项turnsb.out意为“驱逐某人”；D选项putsb.through“替某人接通”。由句中的but可知前后表示转折关系，结合句意可知选A。句意：杰克正要宣布我们的计划，但我打断了他。10.【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项intrinsic“固有的，内在的，本身的”，强调事物本身的特性，多用于术语；B选项ingenious“精巧的，心灵手巧的”；C选项incompatible“（与某事物）不一致，不相配，（与某人）合不来”；D选项inherent“固有的，内在的”，有继承而来的，传下来的这种内在和固定，多用于一般词语。由impatient（没有耐心的）可知C选项符合语境。句意：没有耐心是不可能成为一名好老师的。11.【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项insane“精神失常的，精神错乱的”；B选项lucid“表达清楚的，头脑清晰的，清醒的”；C选项patient“有耐心的，能忍耐的”；D选项messy“肮脏的，凌乱的”。由but（表示转折关系）可知空格处与前面的delirious（极度亢奋的，精神错乱的）意思相反，因此选B。句意：她昨晚神志不清，但今天早上似乎很清醒。12.【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项inlieuof“代替”；B选项forthepriceof“以……为代价”；C选项bycourtesyof“由于……的作用，蒙……的好意”；D选项atthemercyof“完全由……支配，任由……摆布”。由“Consumersdeprivedoftheinformationandadvicetheyneeded（不了解他们需要的信息和建议的消费者）”和“cheatinthemarketplace（市场上的欺诈）”可知D选项符合逻辑搭配。句意：不了解他们需要的信息和建议的消费者，只能任由市场上的骗子摆布。13.【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:D第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.推理判断题。由文章第一段中的Themanyexpressionsofhumanviolencearealwaysconditionedbysocialconventionsthatgiveshapetoaggressivebehavior.（人类暴力的许多表现形式总是受到社会习俗的制约，这些社会习俗形成了侵略性的行为）可知B选项“它受社会的影响”符合题意。2.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Theviolencewithinasocietyiscontrolledthroughinstitutionsoflaw.（社会中的暴力行为是通过法律制度来控制的）可知A选项“控制社会中的暴力”符合题意。3.推理判断题。文章第二段中的Thesocietyassumestheresponsibilityforprotectingindividualsfromviolence.Incaseswheretheycannotbeprotected,thesocietyisresponsibleforimposingpunishment（社会承担起保护个人免受暴力侵害的责任，不能保护的，由社会负责处罚）是对前面句子Butinlegalsystems,theresponsibilityforrevengebecomesdepersonalizedanddiffused（但在法律制度中，复仇的责任变得非个性化和普及）进行解释，因此D选项“惩罚不是由有关个人直接执行的”符合题意。4.词义题。A选项loyalty“忠诚”；B选项objective“目标”；C选项survival“幸存”；D选项motive“动机”。由文章第三段中的itisthemomentwhenthestatemakesitsmostpowerfuldemandsuponitspeoplefortheirrecommitment,allegiance,andsupremesacrifice（这是国家对它的子民提出的承诺、allegiance和至高无上的牺牲最强有力命令的时刻）可知recommitment,allegiance,andsupremesacrifice为并列的名词词语，allegiance的感情色彩要与承诺、牺牲的感情色彩一致，结合四个选项的意思以及句意可知A选项最为恰当。5.推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的Warisnotsimplyatrialbycombattosettledisputesbetweenstates;itisthemomentwhenthestatemakesitsmostpowerfuldemandsuponitspeoplefortheirrecommitment,allegiance,andsupremesacrifice.（战争不仅仅是通过战斗来解决国家间争端的审判；这是国家对它的子民提出的承诺、忠诚和至高无上的牺牲最强有力命令的时刻）可知D选项“在战争时期，政府可以为了国家的利益牺牲个人”符合题意。14.【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项ensure“确保，保证”，指确保某事会发生，宾语一般接物，而不是人；B选项assure“使确信，向……保证”，其后宾语一搬接人；C选项confirm“（尤指提供证据来）证实，证明，确认”；D选项insist“坚决要求，坚持”。由宾语you可知选B。句意：我向你保证，这批货将于下周交货。15.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:A第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干关键词importanttoclimbers定位到文章第一段中，由第一段第一句CrowdcontrolcouldsoonbecomeacrucialskillforclimbersonMountEverest,asimportantasphysicalstrengthorwatchingtheweather（人群控制很快就会成为珠穆朗玛峰登山者的一项关键技能，与身体素质和观察天气一样重要）可知身体素质与观察天气对登山者很重要，因此选A。2.细节事实题。根据题干关键词accidents定位至文章第二段中，由第一段第一二句MoretraditionalmountaineerssneeratthecircusatmospheresurroundingEverestinrecentyears,andtherearewarningsthatthecrowdsaremakingthemountainmoredangerous.Overcrowdinghasalreadytakenitstoll.（近年来，越来越多的传统登山者嘲笑珠穆朗玛峰周围的气氛，并警告说，人群正在使珠穆朗玛峰变得更加危险。过度拥挤已经造成了损失）可知C选项“过度拥挤”符合题意。3.推理判断题。由文章第三段中的Traditionalistsarealsoworriedaboutthegrowingtendencyofexpeditionstosetrecordsandachieve“firsts”，ratherthansimplyclimbthemountain.（传统主义者也担心探险队越来越倾向于创造记录并取得“第一”，而不是简单地爬山）可推测后面所举的Severalsummiteers例子是为了说明他们的动机，因此选D。4.观点态度题。“thecircusatmosphere（马戏团气氛）”暗指“人群拥挤”。根据题干关键词Nepali定位到文章最后一段中，由NepalviewsMountEverestassomethingofacashcow;thegovernmentchargesexpeditionsaminimumof$70,000.ThatisprobablywhyofficialsinKatmanduareignoringconcernsaboutovercrowdingandtalkingaboutevenmoreclimberscomingnextyear.（尼泊尔将珠穆朗玛峰视为摇钱树；政府对探险的收费最低为7万美元。这可能就是加德满都官员忽视了过度拥挤的担忧，并谈论明年将有更多登山者到来的原因）可知尼泊尔政府将珠穆朗玛峰当作赚钱的工具，对人群过度拥挤的问题视而不见，因此A选项“漠不关心的”符合题意。5.推理判断题。根据题干关键词thefirstconquestofEverest定位到文章最后一段中，由Butacelebrationofthe48thanniversaryofthefirstconquestofEverest,bySirEdmundHillaryandSherpaTenzingNorgay,wascancelledafterviolentstrikes（但SirEdmundHillary和SherpaTenzingNorgay举行的第一次征服珠穆朗玛峰48周年纪念活动，在暴力袭击后被取消）和TumultuousNepalipolitics,itseems,couldbejustthecrowd-controlmeasurethatEverestneeds.（混乱的尼泊尔政治，似乎只是珠穆朗玛峰需要的人群控制措施）可知取消的原因是violentstrikes，结合本文一直提及的“人群拥挤”问题，可推测violentstrikes指的是“过度拥挤”，因此选A。16.【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项comeoff“成功，离开，举行，实现”；B选项comeup“发生，被提出，被讨论，走近”；C选项cometo“恢复知觉，苏醒”；D选项comethrough“安然度过，批准通过，获得成功”。空格处为谓语动词，其主语为Thequestionofsalaryincrease（增加工资的问题），故B选项符合语境。句意：增加工资的问题将在下一次大会上被提出。17.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Justtomaketheexplanationassimpleaspossible,supposescienceisdefinedasclassifiedknowledge(facts).（为了使解释尽可能简单，假设科学被定义为分类知识）可知选D。2.推理判断题。由文章第二段可知，根据不同的目的，科学分为纯科学与应用科学。纯科学是为了满足好奇心，应用科学是将知识用于特殊目的。根据文章最后一段中的howeveroneshouldrememberthattheconstructionofthemicroscopehadtoprecedethediscoveryofthecell（然而，人们应该记住，显微镜的构造必须先于细胞的发现）及两种科学的定义，可知显微镜属于纯科学，细胞的发现属于应用科学，即纯科学先于应用科学，因此B选项“必然先于应用科学，导致细胞的发现”符合题意。3.推理判断题。根据文章第二段可知，根据不同的目的，科学分为纯科学与应用科学。纯科学是为了满足好奇心，应用科学是将知识用于特殊目的。由题干中的“interestedin”可知属于为了满足好奇心，因此选C。4.细节事实题。由文章最后一段中的Thehostofscientistsdedicatingtheirlivestopuresciencearenotapologeticaboutignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries（许多致力于纯科学的科学家并不为忽视他们发现的实际方面而被指责）可知A选项“从事理论研究的科学家不应被指责忽略其发现的实际方面”符合题意。5.主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了科学的目的与定义，以及两种不同科学家研究科学的目的，因此A选项“科学与科学家的本质”符合题意。18.【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项misleading“误导性的”；B选项boring“无聊的，无趣的”；C选项embarrassing“使人尴尬的，令人为难的”；D选项demanding“要求高的，要求极严的”。句中的it为形式主语，that引导主语从句，由“westilldonotknowhowmanyspeciesthereareintheworldtoday（我们仍然不知道今天世界上有多少种物种）”可知C选项符合语境。句意：我们现在还不知道世界上有多少物种，这是相当令人尴尬的。19.【答案】A【解析】考查状语从句。分析“Youseethelightning____ithappens”可知空格处缺少一个连词，结合句意可知选A，theinstant表示“一……就……”，引导时间状语从句，其他选项不能引导时间状语从句。句意：闪电一发生，你就看到了，但随后才听到雷声。20.【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项noticeable“显而易见的，明显的”；B选项notorious“臭名昭著的”；C选项nasty“令人厌恶的，肮脏的”；D选项notable“著名的，显著的，值得注意的”。由goodjudgmentandeloquence（良好的判断力和口才）可知空格处为一个褒义词，再根据句意可知选D。句意：作为一名以良好的判断力和口才著称的律师，他经常被邀请参加那些盛大的宴会，并结识来自各界的杰出人士。第2卷一.综合题(共20题)1.单选题Thewastepipeisblocked;try（

）itoutwithhotwater,orjustcalltheplumbertodoit.问题1选项A.blushingB.crushingC.brushingD.flushing2.单选题Moststatesemphasizederadicationofviolence,particularlydomesticviolence,asaNational（

）areainnationalcrimepreventionstrategies.问题1选项A.requirementB.dominanceC.prerequisiteD.priority3.单选题Achameleonisatypeofreptilethatcan（

）thecolorofitssurroundingssothatitcannotbeseeneasily.问题1选项A.dealwithB.takeonC.seekoutD.escapefrom4.单选题Whenshesawthecloudsshewentbacktothehouseto（

）herumbrella.问题1选项A.carryB.fetchC.bringD.reach5.单选题Oneofthewrongnotionsaboutscienceisthatmanyscientificdiscoverieshavecomeabout（

）.问题1选项A.accordinglyB.accidentallyC.artificiallyD.additionally6.单选题ThelawexistsineverycivilizedsocietysothatGovernments,therichandthepowerfulcannot（

）theirposition.问题1选项A.abuseB.eradicateC.legalizeD.threaten7.单选题Peoplewholiketowearredclothesaremorelikelytobetalkativeand（

）.问题1选项A.vivaciousB.perilousC.introvertedD.lucrative8.单选题Newspapersandmagazinescarryextensive（

）ofdietandhealthtopics,anddietbooksareamongthebestsellers.问题1选项A.sketchB.concernC.coverageD.involvement9.单选题Onewayforwriterstosupportapointisthrough（

）,thatis,bymeansofseveralexamplestobackupanidea.问题1选项A.illustrationB.explanationC.demonstrationD.interpretation10.单选题Neitherofthetwoparties（

）abletosolvetheproblemsofthepoor.问题1选项A.areB.isC.havebeenD.willhavebeen11.单选题Wethink（

）possibleforthemtofulfilltheirtaskinafewweeks.问题1选项A.itB.thatC.whatD.this12.单选题（

）,Imustdoanotherexperiment.问题1选项A.BeiteversolateB.ItiseversolateC.ItbeeversolateD.Solateitbeever13.单选题Behindhislargesmilesandlargecigars,hiseyesoftenseemedto（

）regret.问题1选项A.teemwithB.lookwithC.brimwithD.comewith14.单选题

Somewomen（

）agoodsalaryinajobinsteadofstayinghome,buttheydecidednottoworkforthesakeofthefamily.问题1选项A.mustmakeB.wouldmakeC.shouldhavemadeD.couldhavemade15.单选题Thecloserelationshipbetweenpoetryandmusicscarcelyneedstobeargued.Bothareauralmodeswhichemployrhythm,rhyme,andpitchasmajordevices;tothesetheoneaddslinguisticmeaning,connotation,andvarioustraditionalfigures,andtheothercanadd,atleastintheory,alloftheseplusharmony,counterpoint（对位）,andorchestrationtechniques.InEnglishthetwoarecloselyboundhistorically.Anglo-Saxonheroicpoetryseemscertainlytohavebeenreadorchantedtoaharpist’s（竖琴师）accompaniment;theverbusedinBeowulfforsuchaperformance,theFinnepisode（逸事）,issingan,tosing,andthenoungyd,song.AmajorsourceofthelyrictraditioninEnglishpoetryisthesongsofthetroubadours.ThedistancebetweenthegydinBeowulfandthesongsofLeonardCohenorBobDylanmayseemgreat,butisoneoftimeratherthanaesthetics.Thelyricpoemasaliteraryworkandthelyricsofapopularsongarebothstillessentiallythesamething:poetry.Whetherthetitleoftheworkbe"Gerontion,"or"YouAin'tNothin'.ButaHoundDog,"ourcriteriaforevaluatingtheworkmustremainthesame.Themostimportantprerequisite（先决条件）forbothasignificantpoemandsignificantlyricsinapopularsongisthatthewriterbefaithfultohisownpersonalvisionortothevisionofthepoemheiswriting.Skillandcraftforwritingpoetryareindeednecessarybecausethesearetheonlymeansbywhichapoetcanpreservetheintegrityofthisvisioninthepoem.Apoetmustnot,eitherbecauseoflackofskillorbecauseofworshipofpopularity,wealth,orcriticalacclaim,gooutsideofhisownorhisownpoem’svision—onpainofwritingonlythederivative（派生物）orthetrivial.Historically,thewritersandsingersofthelyricsofpopularsongshaveseemedoftentobeincapableofpersonalvision,andtohaveconfusedbothoriginalityandmoralitywithaservile（奴性的）compliancetopopulartaste.1.Accordingtothewriter,therelationshipbetweenpoetryandmusic（

）.2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue,accordingtothetext?3.Inthetext,theauthorfocuseson（

）.问题1选项A.isindisputableifyouanalyzehistoryB.isadebatabletopicC.needstobeacknowledgedmorebypoetsD.canbemadebutinalimitedway问题2选项A.Thedifferencesbetweenpoetryandsonglyricshavebeenoverstated.B.Songlyricsandpoetrymustbetreatedanalyticallyasthesame.C.Thelyricsofasongarenotdifferentfromthelyricsofpoetry.D.Itisthetimenottheaestheticsthatisdifferentinmostpoemsandsonglyrics.问题3选项A.thedifferencebetweengoodpoetryandsongsandmediocreonesB.thevariouswayssongsandpoemsaresimilarC.theshared,mostimportantevaluationcriteriainsongwritingandpoetryD.howtoevaluateapoemandasong’svaluefromalyricalstandpoint16.翻译题TranslatethefollowingtwoparagraphsintoChinese,Howmanymenwouldhaveconsideredthepossibilityofanapplefallingupintothetree?Newtondidbecausehewasnottryingtopredictanything.Hewasjustwondering.Hismindwasreadyfortheunpredictable.Unpredictabilityispartoftheessentialnatureofresearch.Ifyoudon’thaveunpredictablethings,youdon’thaveresearch.Scientiststendtoforgetthiswhenwritingtheircutanddriedreportsforthetechnicaljournals,buthistoryisfilledwithexamplesofit.It’saroughworldoutthere.Stepoutsideandyoucouldbreakalegslippingonyourdoormat.Lightupthestoveandyoucouldburndownthehouse.Luckily,ifthedoormatorstovefailedtowarnofcoiningdisaster,asuccessfullawsuitmightcompensateyouforyourtroubles.Orsothethinkinghasgonesincetheearly1980s,whenjuriesbeganholdingmorecompaniesliablefortheircustomers’misfortunes.17.单选题Housewiveswhodonotgoouttoworkoftenfeeltheyarenotworkingtotheirfull（

）.问题1选项A.capacityB.strengthC.lengthD.possibility18.单选题The（

）ofelectroniccomputershasopenedupnewwaysofdataanalysisforthescientists.问题1选项A.advertB.adverseC.adventD.advise19.单选题HostilitytoGypsieshasexistedalmostfromthetimetheyfirstappearedinEuropeinthe14thcentury.TheoriginsoftheGypsies,withlittlewrittenhistory,wereshroudedinmystery.Whatisknownnowfromcluesinthevariousdialectsoftheirlanguage,Romany,is