2023年考研考博考博英语燕山大学考试高频考点参考题库答案_第1页
2023年考研考博考博英语燕山大学考试高频考点参考题库答案_第2页
2023年考研考博考博英语燕山大学考试高频考点参考题库答案_第3页
2023年考研考博考博英语燕山大学考试高频考点参考题库答案_第4页
2023年考研考博考博英语燕山大学考试高频考点参考题库答案_第5页
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2023年考研考博考博英语燕山大学考试高频考点参考题库带答案(图片大小可自由调整)答案解析附后第1卷一.综合题(共20题)1.单选题Thatisa______pointofview.Idon’tagreewithyou.问题1选项A.crystalB.proteinC.unionD.conservative2.单选题Whenyoutakeapicture,youshould______carefullytogetasharppicture.问题1选项A.preserveB.fixC.focusD.object3.单选题Thewind______thecloudsandthesunwasagainvisible.问题1选项A.dispersedB.distributedC.displacedD.displayed4.单选题Ofthethousandsofdifferentkindsofanimalsthatexistintheworldmanhaslearnedtomakefriendswithanenormousnumber.Somearepets,andofferhimcompanionshipsomegiveprotection,andsomedohardworkwhichmancannotdoforhimself.Dogs,whichservemaninallthreecapacities,arefoundinvariousbreedsinallcountriesoftheworld.TheHuskycanliveinthecoldpolarregions,andtheSalukiisathomeinthehottestpartsofCentralAfrica.Theinhabitantsofcertaincountriesaredependentfortheirverylivesonthecamel.IntheWestIndiesthelittledonkey,strongandsure-footed,carryingheavyloadseveninmountainousplaces,isafamiliarsight.Trainedandtamedformanygenerations,domesticanimalsarenotaccustomedtoroaming(到处走动)insearchoffoodandshelter.Theylooktotheirmasterstoprovidefortheirneeds,andaslongasthesearesupplied,theyarecontenttodowhattheirmastersrequire.Alldomesticanimalsneedproperfood.Itmustbesuitableforthem,sufficientinquantity,freshandclean.Somepeoplefeedapetdogorcatonoddsandendsoftablescraps,andthenwonderwhytheanimalseemslistless(倦怠的)anddull.Thequantityoffooddependsonthesizeoftheanimalandtheamountofexerciseittakes.Overfeedingisasbadasunderfeeding.Containersforfoodandwatermustbewashedregularlyiftheanimalistomaintaingoodhealth.Evenwellcaredforanimalsmaysometimesfallill.Ifthishappens,thewisemasterseeksthebestadvicehecanget.Allsortsofmedicinesandtreatmentsareavailableforsickanimals,andinsomecountriesorganizationsexisttoprovidethemfreeoratacheapprice.Useful,friendly,hardworkinganimalsdeservetohavesometime,moneyandattentionspentontheirhealth.1.Whatmainideadoestheauthorwanttoconveyinthefirstparagraph?2.Whenananimalisunderfed,itwillprobably________.3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofdogsaccordingtothepassage?4.Tokeepadomesticanimalphysicallyfit,itsownerisadvised________.5.WhichofthefollowingwouldbebestTITLEforthispassage?问题1选项A.Insomeregionsadonkeyseemstobeaveryusefulbeast.B.Ananimalwillbeuselessunlessdomesticated.C.Thereexiststhousandsofspeciesofanimalsintheworld.D.Mancametoestablishacloserelationshipwithanumberofanimals.问题2选项A.requireitsmastertooffersomefoodB.seekforfoodonitsownC.refusetoobeyitsmasterD.immediatelyfallill问题3选项A.Thereliveagreatvarietyofbreedsofdogsontheglobe.B.TheHuskyandtheSalukiarethestrongestbreedeverknownintheworld.C.Theycanactasfriends,guards,andservantstoman.D.Theyhavegreatadaptationfortheenvironment.问题4选项A.nottoallowittotakeexcessiveamountsofexerciseB.tojoinsomesortofpet-keepingorganizationsC.nottohesitatetospendenormousamountofmoneyonitD.topayattentiontoitsproperfeeding问题5选项A.TheAdvantagesofRaisingDomesticAnimals.B.SomeTipsonPet-keeping.C.DomesticatedAnimals-Man’sBestfriend.D.ProperDiet-theRoadtoHealth.5.单选题Theageofgildedyouth(纨绔子弟)isover.Today’sunder-thirtiesarethefirstgenerationforacenturywhocanexpectalowerlivingstandardthantheirparents.Researchintothelifestylesandprospectsofpeoplewhowerebornsince1970showsthattheyarelikelytofacealifetimeoflongerworkinghours,lowerjobsecurityandhighertaxesthanthepreviousgeneration.Whentheyleaveworklateintheevening,theywillbemorelikelytoreturntoasmallrentedflatthantoahouseoftheirown.When,eventually,theyretire,theirpensionsarefarlowerinrealtermsthanthoseoftheirimmediateforebears.ThesefindingsarerevealedinastudyofthewayhowtheageingofBritain’spopulationisaffectingdifferentgenerations.AntheaTinker,professorofsocialgerontologyatKing’sCollegeLondon,whocarriedoutmuchofthework,saidthegrowthoftheproportionofpeopleover50hadreversedthetraditionalflowofwealthfromoldertoyoungergenerations.“Today’soldermiddle-agedandelderlyarebecomingthenewwinners.”shesaid,“Theymaderelativelysmallcontributionsintaxbutnowmakerelativelybigclaimsonthewelfaresystem.Generationsborninthelastthreetofourdecadesfacetheprospectofhandingovermorethanathirdoftheirlifetime’searningstocareforthem.”Thesurgingnumberofolderpeople,manylivingalone,hasalsoincreaseddemandforpropertyandpusheduphouseprices.Whilepreviousgenerationsfounditeasytoraiseamortgage,today’sunder-thirtieshavetolivewiththeirparentsorrent.Iftheycanaffordtobuyahome,itismorelikelytobeaflatthanahouse.LauraLenox-Conyngham,28,grewupinalargehouseandhermotherdidnotneedtowork.Unlikeherwealthyparents,shegraduatedwithstudentandpostgraduateloandebtsof£13,000.Shenowearnsabout£20,000ayear,preparingfoodtobephotographedformagazines.Herhomeisaone-bedroomflatincentralLondonandshesubletsthelungesofa-bedtoherbrother.“Myfathertookpityandpaidoffmystudentdebts.”shesaid,“ButIstillhavenopensionandnochanceofbuyingapropertyforatleastacoupleofyears-andthenitwillbesomethingsmallinabadarea.Myonlyhopeisthetraditionaloneofmeetingarichman.”Tinker’sresearchrevealsLenox-Conynghamisrepresentativeofmanyyoungprofessionals,especiallyinLondon,Manchester,EdinburghandBristol.1.Bysaying“thegrowthoftheproportion…toyoungergenerations”(Para.2),AntheaTinkerreallymeansthat________.2.Whyaretoday’soldermiddle-agedandelderlybecomingthenewwinners?3.Whichfactorpushedhouseprices?4.InwhatwaydoesLauraLenox-Conynghammakeherliving?5.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat________.问题1选项A.currentlywealthflowsfromoldgenerationtoyoungergenerationB.traditionallywealthflowsfromyoungergenerationtooldgenerationC.withtheincreasinglybigpopulationofover50,thetrendarisesthatwealthflowsfromyoungergenerationtooldgenerationD.withmoreandmorepeopleofover50,traditionshavebeenreversed问题2选项A.Becausetheycontributedasmallportioninlaxbutenjoymoreonthewelfaresystem.B.Becausetheycontributedalotintaxandnowcanclaimmuchonthewelfaresystem.C.Becausetheymadesmallcontributions,butnowcanmakemoneyeasily.D.Becausetheyoutnumberyoungergenerationandenjoymoreprivilegesinthepresentsociety.问题3选项A.Manyyoungmen,wholivealone,haveincreaseddemandforhouses.B.Manyyoungmenneedtorentmorehouses.C.Itiseasytoapplyforamortgagetoryounggeneration.D.Thenumberofolderpeople,manyofwhomlivealone,becomesbiggerandbigger.问题4选项A.Bytakingphotographsformagazines.B.Bymarringarichman.C.Bysublettingtheloungesofa-bedtoherbrother.D.Bypreparingfoodforphotographsforsomemagazines.问题5选项A.Today’sunder-thirtiesareleadingamiserablelifeinBritainB.LauraLenox-Conyngham’sattitudetoworkandliferepresentsthatofmanyyoungprofessionalsinBritainC.Lifecangetharderforunder-thirtiesinBritainD.EldersenjoyextremelyhighlivingstandardsinBritain6.单选题Theoldmanwaskindand______enoughtohelpthechildrencrossthestreet.问题1选项A.timidB.livelyC.graciousD.graceful7.单选题Youhadbetter______teasingthesenewcomers,forthatwillhurttheirfeeling.问题1选项A.leaveoffB.leavebehindC.leaveoutD.leavefor8.单选题Abeamoflightwillnotbendroundthecornersunless______todosowiththehelpofareflectingdevice.问题1选项A.tobemadeB.havingmadeC.beingdoneD.made9.单选题Anothercommontypeofreasoningisthesearchforcausesandresults.Wewanttoknowwhethercigarettesreallydocauselungcancer.Whatcausesmalnutrition,thedecayofcities,orthedecayofteeth?Weareequallyinterestedineffects:whatistheeffectofleadintheatmosphere,ofstayinguplateonthenightbeforeanexamination.Causalreasoningmaygofromcausetoeffectorfromeffecttocause.Eitherway,wereasonfromwhatweknowtowhatwewanttofindout.Sometimeswereasonfromaneffecttoacauseandthenontoanothereffect.Thus,ifwereasonthatbecausethelightshavegoneout,therefrigeratorwon’twork,wefirstrelatetheeffect(lightsout)tothecause(poweroff)andthenrelatethatcausetoanothereffect(refrigeratornotworking).Thiskindofreasoningiscalled,inshort,effecttoeffect.Itisquitecommontoreasonthroughanextensivechainofcausalrelations.Whenthelightsgooutwemightreasoninthefollowingcausalchain:lightsout—poweroff—refrigeratornotworking—temperaturewillrise—milkwillsour.Inotherwords,wediagnoseasuccessionofeffectsfromthepowerfailure,eachbecomingthecauseofthenext.Causesareclassifiedasnecessary,sufficient,orcontributory.Anecessarycauseisonewhichmustbepresentfortheeffecttooccur,ascombustion(燃烧)isnecessarytodriveagasolineengine.Asufficientcauseisonethatcanproduceaneffectunaided(asanemptygastankisenoughtokeepacarfromstarting),thoughtheremaybemorethanonesufficientcause.Acontributorycauseisonewhichhelpstoproduceaneffectbutcannotdosobyitself,asrunningthrougharedlightmayhelpcauseanaccident,thoughotherfactorsmustalsobepresent.1.Whattheauthordiscussedintheprevioussectionismostprobablyabout________.2.Accordingtothepassage,todothe“effecttoeffect”reasoningistoreason________.3.Anecessarycauseis________.4.Yourrefrigeratorisnotworkingandyouhavefoundthattheelectricpowerhasbeencutoff.Thepowerfailureisa________.5.Thispassagemainlydiscusses________.问题1选项A.someothercommontypesofreasoningB.somespecialtypeofreasoningC.relationshipsbetweencausesandresultsD.classificationofreasoning问题2选项A.fromeffecttoeffectandontocauseB.fromeffecttocauseandontoanothereffectC.fromcausetoeffectD.fromeffecttocause问题3选项A.onethatisenoughtomaketheeffectoccurB.oneofthecausethatcanproducetheeffectC.onewithoutwhichitisimpossiblefortheeffecttooccurD.noneofthem问题4选项A.contributorycauseB.sufficientcauseC.necessarycauseD.noneofthem问题5选项A.classificationofcausesB.thecausalprocessC.causalreasoningD.varioustypesofreasoning10.单选题Shecookedthemeatforalongtimesoastomakeit______enoughtoeat.问题1选项A.mildB.slightC.lightD.tender11.单选题Thewreckageoftheexplodedcar______thetraffic.问题1选项A.interferedB.interpretedC.disruptedD.corrupted12.单选题Thechancellor______thefactthathewasthecentreofcriticismandstucktohisreforms.问题1选项A.dischargedB.disregardedC.disguisedD.disposed13.单选题ShecanspeakFrenchandGerman,to______nothingofEnglish.问题1选项A.sayB.speakC.talkD.tell14.单选题Healwaystakesprideinhiswork.Heisvery______.问题1选项A.humbleB.devotedC.respectiveD.formal15.单选题Shecasthereyesroundtheroomin______ofachairtositin.问题1选项A.demandB.requirementC.questionD.quest16.单选题

Thefirstpartofthispaperisthe______review.问题1选项A.literatureB.fieldC.studyD.phenomenon17.单选题Ifyoudiscussasubjectwithouttakinganadversarialposition,you’llgetclosertothetruthofthematterthanyouwouldbygoingateachother______.问题1选项A.eyetoeyeB.facetofaceC.hammerandtongsD.hammerandnails18.单选题TheGermanGovernment’slong-plannedreturntoitshistoriccapitalisinfull______thissummer,almost10yearsafterthefalloftheBerlinWall.问题1选项A.gearB.speedC.rateD.move19.单选题Thisisthemilitary______.Nobodyisallowedtogetinwithoutpermission.问题1选项A.bondB.zoneC.butterD.zoo20.单选题______sherealizeditwastoolatetogohome.问题1选项A.NosooneritgrewdarkthanB.HardlydiditgrowdarkthatC.ScarcelyhaditgrowndarkthanD.Itwasnotuntildarkthat第1卷参考答案一.综合题1.【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项crystal“水晶”;B选项protein“蛋白质的”;C选项union“联合”;D选项conservative“保守的”。句意:这观点很______。我不同意你的看法。根据语境,D选项conservative“保守的”搭配pointofview比较合理,意思指这个观点非常保守,符合题意。因此D选项正确。2.【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项preserve“保存;维持”;B选项fix“维修;安排”;C选项focus“(使)调节焦距;聚焦(于)”;D选项object“反对”。句意:当你拍照时,应该仔细______,才能拍出清晰的照片。根据语境,这里指的是在拍照时要调整焦距,C选项focus“(使)调节焦距”符合题意。因此C选项正确。3.【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项dispersed“使分散;驱散”;B选项distributed“分发;散布”;C选项displaced“取代;移动”;D选项displayed“陈列;表露(特点、素质、情感)”。句意:风______云,又看得见太阳了。根据语境,这里指风把云吹散,A选项dispersed“使分散;驱散”符合题意。因此A选项正确。4.【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:B第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第一段第一句Ofthethousandsofdifferentkindsofanimalsthatexistintheworldmanhaslearnedtomakefriendswithanenormousnumber.(在世界上存在的成千上万种不同的动物中,人类已经学会了与大量的动物交朋友。),可知人类和许多动物关系密切,随后举出具体的例子,D选项“人与许多动物建立了密切的关系”正确。A选项“在某些地区,驴似乎是一种非常有用的牲畜”,B选项“除非被驯化,否则动物是无用的”和C选项“世界上有成千上万种动物”不是表达的重点。因此D选项正确。2.【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第二段Theylooktotheirmasterstoprovidefortheirneeds,andaslongasthesearesupplied,theyarecontenttodowhattheirmastersrequire.(他们指望主人满足他们的需要,只要主人满足了他们的需要,他们就满足于去做主人所要求的事情。),可知家畜把所有需求的满足放在主人身上,如果不被满足,就不会服从主人,C选项“拒绝服从主人”正确,B选项“寻找食物”错误。A选项“要求它的主人给一些食物”:动物不会表达明确的要求,故错误。D选项“很快病倒”:根据第三段第三句Somepeoplefeedapetdogorcatonoddsandendsoftablescraps,andthenwonderwhytheanimalseemslistlessanddull.(有些人用餐桌上的残羹剩饭来喂宠物狗或猫,然后又想知道为什么这些动物看起来无精打采。),可知缺乏营养不会让动物马上病倒,而是没有精神。因此C选项正确。3.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第一段第四句TheHuskycanliveinthecoldpolarregions,andtheSalukiisathomeinthehottestpartsofCentralAfrica.(哈士奇可以生活在寒冷的极地地区,而萨卢基则生活在中非最热的地区。),哈士奇和萨卢基分别可以在极寒和极热的地方生活,可以说明狗对环境的适应力很强,但不能说明它们是最强壮的狗,A选项“地球上生活着各种品种的狗”和D选项“他们对环境有很大的适应能力”符合文章内容,B选项“哈士奇和萨卢基是世界上已知的最强壮的品种”不符合文章内容。C选项“他们可以充当人类的朋友、守卫和仆人”:根据第一段第二句Somearepets,andofferhimcompanionshipsomegiveprotection,andsomedohardworkwhichmancannotdoforhimself.(有些是宠物,给他陪伴,有些给他保护,有些做人类自己不能做的艰苦工作。),分别对应朋友、守卫和仆人的角色,符合文章内容。因此B选项正确。4.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。作者在第三段第一句提出Alldomesticanimalsneedproperfood.(所有的家畜都需要适当进食。),随后具体地说明如何适当进食,D选项“注意适当喂养”正确。A选项“不允许它进行过量的运动”:文中没有提到。B选项“加入宠物饲养组织”:根据第四段第三句Allsortsofmedicinesandtreatmentsareavailableforsickanimals,andinsomecountriesorganizationsexisttoprovidethemfreeoratacheapprice.(生病的动物可以得到各种各样的药物和治疗,在一些国家有组织免费或低价提供。),可知这主要是针对治病,而不是保持身体健康。C选项“毫不犹豫地花大量的钱来照顾”:Useful,friendly,hardworkinganimalsdeservetohavesometime,moneyandattentionspentontheirhealth.(这些有用、友好、勤劳的动物值得为它们的健康花费一些时间、金钱和注意力。),这里指花费一些金钱而不是大量。因此D选项正确。5.【试题答案】C【试题解析】主旨大意题。文章第一段提出人类需要家养动物,第二段讲家养动物需要人类获取住所和食物,第三段和第四段讲如何照顾家养动物,综合来看,C选项“家养动物——人类最好的朋友”正确。A选项“饲养家畜的优点”和B选项“养宠物的一些建议”:是文章的部分内容,不足以概括全文。D选项“正确的饮食——通往健康之路”:文章不是讲饮食,而是家养动物。因此C选项正确。5.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第二段第二句AntheaTinker…saidthegrowthoftheproportionofpeopleover50hadreversedthetraditionalflowofwealthfromoldertoyoungergenerations.(AntheaTinker表示,50岁以上人口比例的增长逆转了财富从老一辈流向年轻一代的传统趋势。),可知因为50岁以上人口比例的增长,财富从老一辈流向年轻一代的传统趋势被逆转。结合第一段第三句Researchintothelifestylesandprospectsofpeoplewhowerebornsince1970showsthattheyarelikelytofacealifetimeoflongerworkinghours,lowerjobsecurityandhighertaxesthanthepreviousgeneration.(对1970年以后出生的人的生活方式和前景的研究表明,与上一代人相比,他们可能终生面临更长的工作时间、更低的工作保障和更高的税收。)和第二段第一句ThesefindingsarerevealedinastudyofthewayhowtheageingofBritain’spopulationisaffectingdifferentgenerations.(一项关于英国人口老龄化如何影响不同世代的研究揭示了这些发现。),可知AntheaTinker的研究对老一代和年轻一代的财富进行对比,是为了证明人口老龄化让财富从年轻一代流向老一代,C选项“随着50岁以上的人口越来越多,出现了财富从年轻一代流向老一代的趋势”正确。A选项“目前财富从老一代流向年轻一代”和B选项“在传统上财富从年轻一代流向老一代”:和文中观点相反,属于反向干扰。D选项“随着50岁以上的人口越来越多,传统被颠覆了”:文中的重点是人口老龄化对财富趋势的影响,而不是对传统的改变,属于曲解原文。因此C选项正确。2.【试题答案】A【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第二段第三、四句“Today’soldermiddle-agedandelderlyarebecomingthenewwinners.”shesaid,“Theymaderelativelysmallcontributionsintaxbutnowmakerelativelybigclaimsonthewelfaresystem.”(“如今的中老年人口正在成为新的赢家。”她说,“他们缴纳的税款相对较少,但现在对福利制度的要求相对较高。”),可知A选项“因为他们贡献得少,但在福利制度上享受更多”正确。B选项“因为他们缴纳了很多税收,现在可以要求更多的福利制度”:他们没有缴纳很多税款,属于反向干扰。C选项“因为他们贡献得少,但现在可以很容易地赚钱”和D选项“因为他们在数量上超过了年轻一代,在当今社会享有更多的特权”:文中没有提到,属于无中生有。因此A选项正确。3.【试题答案】D【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第三段第一句Thesurgingnumberofolderpeople,manylivingalone,hasalsoincreaseddemandforpropertyandpusheduphouseprices.(老年人数量的激增,其中许多人独自生活,也增加了对房产的需求,推高了房价。),可知D选项“老年人的数量越来越多,其中许多人独自生活”正确。A选项“许多独自生活的年轻人对房子的需求增加了”和B选项“许多年轻人需要租更多的房子”:文中说的是老年人而非年轻人对房子的需求增加,属于曲解原文。C选项“年轻人很容易申请抵押贷款”:根据第三段第二句previousgenerationsfounditeasytoraiseamortgage(前几代人很容易就能拿到抵押贷款),可知是前几代人而非现在的年轻人很容易申请抵押贷款,与题干中房价上涨的内容无关,属于曲解原文和出处错位。因此D选项正确。4.【试题答案】A【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第三段第六句Shenowearnsabout£20,000ayear,preparingfoodtobephotographedformagazines.(她现在一年能挣2万英镑,以为杂志拍照为生。),可知A选项“通过为杂志拍照”正确,D选项“通过为一些杂志拍摄照片而准备食物”不符合原文意思,属于曲解原文。B选项“嫁给一个有钱人”:根据第三段倒数第二句Myonlyhopeisthetraditionaloneofmeetingarichman.(按照传统,我唯一的希望就是遇到一个有钱人。),这里指的是她的想法而非谋生方式,属于出处错位。C选项“把沙发床转租给她哥哥”:根据第三段第七句shesubletsthelungesofa-bedtoherbrother(她把沙发床转租给了她的弟弟),这是她做过的事情,但并不以此为生,属于出处错位。因此A选项正确。5.【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。文章在第一段第二句提出Today’sunder-thirtiesarethefirstgenerationforacenturywhocanexpectalowerlivingstandardthantheirparents.(如今30岁以下的人是一个世纪以来第一代生活水平低于他们父母的人。),随后通过研究和具体的例子来证明这一点,C选项“在英国,30岁以下的人的生活可能会变得更加艰难”正确。A选项“在如今的英国,30岁以下的人过着悲惨的生活”:文中表示30岁以下的人处境更难,但没有到很悲惨的地步,属于曲解原文。B选项“LauraLenox-Conyngham对工作和生活的态度代表了英国许多年轻专业人士的态度”:根据文章最后一句Tinker’sresearchrevealsLenox-Conynghamisrepresentativeofmanyyoungprofessionals(Tinker的研究表明Lenox-Conyngham是许多年轻专业人士的代表),文中没有表明她对工作和生活的态度如同其他年轻专业人士,属于曲解原文。D选项“在英国,老年人享有极高的生活水平”:文中提到老年人纳税较少,但享受的福利力度较大,但不等于生活水平极高,属于曲解原文。因此C选项正确。6.【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项timid“羞怯的”;B选项lively“活泼的;充满趣味的,热烈的”;C选项gracious“和蔼可亲的;有礼貌的”;D选项graceful“优雅的”。句意:这位老人非常友好和______,还帮助孩子们过马路。根据语境,这里C选项gracious“和蔼可亲的;有礼貌的”形容老人比较合理,意思指老人热心帮助孩子们,非常和蔼可亲。因此C选项正确。7.【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查短语辨析。A选项leaveoff“漏掉;停止”;B选项leavebehind“永远离开;留下;落后”;C选项leaveout“排除;不考虑”;D选项leavefor“出发前往(某地);把……留给(某人)做;把……留在(另一时间做)”。句意:你最好______取笑这些新来的人,那样会伤害他们的感情。根据语境,这里指的是不要取笑别人,A选项leaveoff“停止”符合题意。因此A选项正确。8.【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查定语从句。句意:一束光除非借助反射装置,否则不会沿拐角弯曲。unless在表示“除非”时,如其引导的从句谓语是be动词,而从句的主语跟主句的主语相同时,从句的主语和be动词就可省略。有时从句中主语为it时,也可省略it或从句中的有关成分。在这里unless引导省略了成份的状语从句,unlessitismadetodosowiththehelpofareflectingdevice是完整的从句。去掉itis后D选项made正确。选项符合题意。因此D选项正确。9.【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:C第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.【试题答案】A【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第一段第一句Anothercommontypeofreasoningisthesearchforcausesandresults.(另一种常见的推理方式是寻找原因和结果。),可知前面的内容和这一部分的内容属于同一个层面和分类,都是常见的推理方式,A选项“一些其他的常见推理类型”正确。B选项“某种特殊类型的推理”,C选项“原因和结果的关系”和D选项“推理的分类”不符合题意。因此A选项正确。2.【试题答案】B【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第二段第三句Sometimeswereasonfromaneffecttoacauseandthenontoanothereffect.(有时我们从一个结果推理到一个原因,然后再推理到另一个结果。)和第五句Thiskindofreasoningiscalled,inshort,effecttoeffect.(这种推理,简而言之,叫做效果对效果。),可知效果对效果指的是B选项“从结果到原因,再到另一个结果”。A选项“从结果到结果,再到原因”,C选项“从原因到结果”和D选项“从结果到原因”错误。因此B选项正确。3.【试题答案】C【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第三段第二句Anecessarycauseisonewhichmustbepresentfortheeffecttooccur,ascombustionisnecessarytodriveagasolineengine.(必要原因是为将要导致的结果而存在,就像燃烧对于启动汽油发动机很必要。),可知C选项“没有它就不可能产生解结果”正确。A选项“足以产生结果”,B选项“能导致结果的原因之一”和D选项“都不是”不符合题意。因此C选项正确。4.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二句Asufficientcauseisonethatcanproduceaneffectunaided(asanemptygastankisenoughtokeepacarfromstarting),thoughtheremaybemorethanonesufficientcause.(充分原因是一个可以在没有帮助的情况下产生效果的原因,就像一个空的油箱足以阻止汽车发动一样,尽管可能有不止一个充分的原因。),可知充分原因会导致结果的发生,但不是唯一的原因,电源被切断会导致冰箱停止运转,但其他原因也会让冰箱停止运转,B选项“充分原因”正确。A选项“附带原因,原因之一”:根据文章最后一句Acontributorycauseisonewhichhelpstoproduceaneffectbutcannotdosobyitself,asrunningthrougharedlightmayhelpcauseanaccident,thoughotherfactorsmustalsobepresent.(附带原因有助于导致结果,但单独出现不能导致结果,就像闯红灯可能会导致事故,尽管其他因素也必须存在。),可知附带原因是原因之一,需要其他因素才能导致结果的发生,电源被切断这一个因素会导致冰箱停止运转的结果,故错误。C选项“必要原因”:根据第三段第二句Anecessarycauseisonewhichmustbepresentfortheeffecttooccur,ascombustionisnecessarytodriveagasolineengine.(必要原因是为将要导致的结果而存在,就像燃烧对于启动汽油发动机很必要。),可知必要原因是一定需要的因素,电源没有被切断冰箱依然有可能停止运转,故错误。D选项“都不是”:B选项符合题意,故非正确答案。因此B选项正确。5.【试题答案】C【试题解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句Anothercommontypeofreasoningisthesearchforcausesandresults.(另一种常见的推理方式是寻找原因和结果。),随后文章围绕这一句话展开讨论,所以本文主要在讲因果的推理,C选项“因果推理”正确。A选项“原因的分类”,B选项“因果过程”和D选项“各种类型的推理”不符合题意。因此C选项正确。10.【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查定语从句。A选项mild“(天气、情感)温和的;(味道)清淡的”;B选项slight“轻微的;瘦小的”;C选项light“明亮的;(重量)轻的”;D选项tender“(食物)嫩的”。句意:她把肉煮了很长时间,来让肉吃起来足够______。D选项符合题意。因此D选项正确。11.【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项interfered“妨碍(有损害)”;B选项interpreted“解释;作口译”;C选项disrupted“妨碍,扰乱(使维持正常状态有难度)”;D选项corrupted“腐化”。句意:汽车爆炸的残骸______交通。根据语境,这里指汽车爆炸扰乱了正常交通,C选项disrupted“妨碍,扰乱(使维持正常状态有难度)”符合题意。因此C选项正确。12.【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项discharged“履行(职责或义务);批准离开”;B选项disregarded“不理会”;C选项disguised“伪装;掩饰”;D选项disposed“处理;扔掉”。句意:这位财政大臣______自己成为批评的焦点这一事实,坚持改革。根据语境,这里指不论别人怎么批评,财政大臣始终坚持改革,B选项disregarded“不理会”符合题意。因此B选项正确。13.【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查固定搭配。A选项saynothingof“更不用说”;其余选项非固定搭配。句意:她会说法语和德语,英语就______。因此A选项正确。14.【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项humble“谦逊的,虚心的”;B选项devoted“忠诚的,全心全意的”;C选项respective“分别的,各自的”;D选项formal“适合正式场合的;正规的”。句意:他总是为自己的工作感到自豪。他非常______。根据语境,这里指的是他很投入于自己的工作,为自己的工作感到自豪,B选项devoted“忠诚的,全心全意的”符合题意。因此B选项正确。15.【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查定语从句。A选项demand“要求;需求”,indemandof非固定搭配,demandforsth.“要求某物”;B选项requirement“必需品;必备条件”;C选项question“疑问;议题;困惑”;D选项quest“探索,寻找”,inquestofsth.“寻找/探索某事物”。句意:她向房间四下看,______椅子来坐。根据语境,这里指在房间里到处看,想找把椅子坐,D选项quest“探索,寻找”符合题意。因此D选项正确。16.【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项literature“文学,文学作品(literaturereview文献综述)”;B选项field“田,地,牧场”;C选项study“学习,研究”;D选项phenomenon“现象”。句意:本文的第一部分是______。根据语境,这里的paper指的是论文,结合词组literaturereview,A选项literature符合题意。因此A选项正确。17.【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查短语辨析。A选项eyetoeye“心有灵犀;四目相对”;B选项facetoface“面对面”;C选项hammerandtongs“竭尽全力”;D选项hammerandnails“锤子和钉子”。句意:如果不站在敌对的立场讨论问题,相比于______相互攻击,你们会更接近问题的真相。根据语境,这里指的是不要把全部注意力放在用言语相互攻击对方,C选项hammerandtongs“竭尽全力”符合题意。这里没有提到是否是面对面讨论问题还是以其他方式,B选项facetoface“面对面”不符合题意。因此C选项正确。18.【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项gear“齿轮;(特定用途的)器械”;B选项speed“(发生或进行的)速度,进度”,fullspeed“全速(或全力)向前”;C选项rate“速度;比率”;D选项move“行动”。句意:在柏林墙倒塌近10年后的今年夏天,德国政府计划已久的重返历史上的首都的计划______。根据语境,这里指的是全力推动计划,结合词组fullspeed“全速(或全力)向前”,B选项speed“(发生或进行的)速度,进度”符合题意。因此B选项正确。19.【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项bond“纽带”;B选项zone“(有某特色或作用的)地区”;C选项butter“黄油”;D选项zoo“动物园”。句意:这是军事______。未经允许,任何人不得入内。根据语境,这里指的是不得进入一个区域,B选项zone“有某特色或作用的)地区”符合题意。因此B选项正确。20.【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查倒装句。句意:直到天黑,她才意识到太晚了,不能回家了。A、B、C选项意思为“一……就”;A选项nosooner…than置于句首,前面部分倒装;B选项hardly…when“”和C选项scarcely…when是固定搭配。D选项itisnotuntil…that“直到……才”用法正确。因此D选项正确。第2卷一.综合题(共20题)1.单选题Thesuggestionthatthemayor______theprizeswasacceptedbyeveryone.问题1选项A.presentsB.oughttopresentC.wouldpresentD.present2.单选题

Ineverrealizedthatsomedaywouldbemarriedtoa______.问题1选项A.moleculeB.oxygenC.geniusD.rug3.翻译题Parentsofwailingbabies,takecomfort:Youarenotalone.Chimpanzeebabiesfuss.Seagullchickssquawk.Buryingbeetlelarvaetaptheirparents’legs.Throughouttheanimalkingdom,babiesknowhowtogettheirparents’attention.Exactlywhyevolutionhasproducedallthisfussing,squawkingandtappingisaquestionmanybiologistsaretryingtoanswer.(1)Someday,thatanswermayshedsomelightonthemysteryofcryinginhumanbabies.“Itmaypointresearchersintherightdirectiontofindthecausesofexcessivecrying,”saidJosephSoltis,abioacousticsexpertatDisney’sAnimalKingdominLakeBuenaVista,Florida.SoltispublishedanarticleontheevolutionofcryinginthecurrentissueofBehavioralandBrainSciences.Younganimalsvaryinhowmuchtheycry,squawkorotherwisecommunicatewiththeirparents,andstudieswithmice,beetlesandmonkeysshowthatthisvariationispartlybasedongenes.Somelevelofcryinginhumans,ofcourse,isbasedongaspainsandmessydiapers.(2)Butasforthegeneticcontribution,youmightexpectthatnaturalselectionwouldfavorgenesfornoisierchildren,sincetheywouldgetmoreattention.Beforelong,however,thissortofdeceptionmayberuinous.Ifthesignalsofoffspringbecametotallyunreliable,parentswouldnolongerbenefitfrompayingattention.(3)Someevolutionarybiologistshaveproposedthatnaturalselectionshouldthereforefavorso-calledhonestadvertisements.Somebiologistshavespeculatedthatthesehonestadvertisementsmaynotjusttellaparentwhichoffspringarehungry.Theymightalsoshowtheirparentthattheyarehealthyandvigorousandthereforeworthsomeextrainvestment.Thebabiesofrhesusmacaquemonkeyscryouttotheirmothersandtendtocryevenmorearoundthetimetheirmotherswean(断奶)them.Themothers,inresponse,begintoignoremostoftheirbabies’distresscalls,sincemostturnouttobefalsealarms.“Initially,mothersrespondanytimeaninfantcries,”saidDarioMaestripieri,aprimatologistattheUniversityofChicago,(4)“Butasthecriesincrease,theyrespondlessandless.Theybecomemoreskeptical.Soinfantsstartcryingless.Sotheygothroughthesecycles,adjustingtheirresponses.”KimBard,aprimatologistattheUniversityofPlymouthinEngland,hasspentmorethanadecadeobservingchimpanzeebabies.“Chimpscancryforalongtimeifsomethingterribleishappeningtothem,butwhenyoupickthemup,theystop,”Bardsaid.“I’veneverseenanychimpanzeesinthefirstthreemonthsoflifebeinconsolable.”Maestripieriandotherresearcherssaytheseevolutionaryforcesmayhavealsoshapedthecriesofhumanbabies.“Allprimateinfantscry,”Maestripierisaid.(5)“It’saveryconservedbehavior.It’snotsomethinghumanshaveevolvedontheirown.”4.单选题Sheoughttostopwork;shehasaheadachebecauseshe______toolong.问题1选项A.hasbeenreadingB.hadreadC.isreadingD.read5.单选题

Itiswell-knownthattheretiredworkersinourcountryare______freemedicalcare.问题1选项A.entitledtoB.involvedinC.associatedwithD.assignedto6.单选题Itwasawonderfulplaywitha______ofoverfiftyactorsandactresses.问题1选项A.listB.groupC.bunchD.herd7.单选题

Therisingofpriceswill______offdemandsforpayincreases.问题1选项A.triggerB.nudgeC.trailD.switch8.单选题Kuwaitisfamousforits______resources.问题1选项A.fameB.jawC.petroleumD.jar9.单选题Youmustbeverycareful;thework______precision.问题1选项A.retainsB.entailsC.retailsD.repels10.单选题Nobodybelieveshemadesuchafoolishmistake.Peoplesayheisvery______.问题1选项A.experienceB.careerC.accurateD.actual11.单选题Theprofessorcouldhardlyfindsufficientgrounds______hisargumentsinfavorofthenewtheory.问题1选项A.whichtobaseonB.onwhichtobaseC.tobebasedonD.tobaseon12.单选题Hesaidheismy______friendbutIdon’tthinkso.问题1选项A.intensiveB.onionC.intimateD.occasion13.单选题Tomorrowwewill______ourdayofindependence.问题1选项A.favorB.exposeC.roarD.celebrate14.翻译题Myfatherwasverykeenth

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