2023年考研考博考博英语湖南师范大学考试高频考点参考题库答案

2023年考研考博考博英语湖南师范大学考试高频考点参考题库带答案（图片大小可自由调整）答案解析附后第1卷一.综合题(共20题)1.单选题Instudyingsocialgroups,sociologistsoftengain（）throughtheuseofsuchdevicesasquestionnaires.问题1选项A.assessB.credibilityC.understandingD.insight2.单选题Originallydesignedasworkclothesforminers,jeansarenowwormbyallsegmentsofsociety,theirappeal______bytheircomfortandaffordability.问题1选项A.overwhelmedB.corrodedC.complicatedD.broadened3.翻译题21世纪是一个将我们联系在一起的网络时代。无论我们愿意与否,我们的社会生活与经济生活已密不可分。我们意识到先进的电子网络使我们能够跨越时空限制,利用以前难以想象的商机。这个网络世界己开辟了一个崭新的创新发展的天地,把我们带入一个前所未有的网络智能吋代。这个网络智能新时代表明,我们可以将自己的知识和创造力结合起来,取得经济增长和社会发展的新突破。4.单选题MayaLinwasanundergraduatestudentatYalewhenshewas______tocreatetheVietnamVeteransMemorialin1981becauseshewonthepublicdesigncompetitionforthememorial.问题1选项A.commissionedB.conditionedC.streamlinedD.aggregated5.单选题Ifonebrandofcomputeris（）withanotherbrand,theycanbeusedtogetherandcanusethesamesoftware.问题1选项A.competentB.compulsoryC.comparableD.compatible6.单选题Her30-yearstudyoftheGombeNationalParkchimpanzeesisthelargestcontinuousfieldprojecteverrecorded.Ithasmadeher—andthechimpanzees—aliving______,earningherhonorarydegrees,doctoratesandwildlifeconservationawardsallovertheworld.问题1选项A.legendB.specimenC.maximumD.document7.单选题Theemployertriedto（）hisemployeesfromstagingrollingstrikesbythreateningtoclosedowntheentireplant.问题1选项A.forbidB.intimidateC.avoidD.distract8.单选题TheAmericandreamisnot（）duringtheperiodsofproductivityandwealthgeneratedbyAmericancapitalism.问题1选项A.plausibleB.patrioticC.primitiveD.partial9.翻译题参与并取胜，这就是奥林匹克精神。他表现于弱者勇于向强者挑战，也表现于强者力争取得更好的成绩。胜而又胜，优而更优，这种理想一直鼓舞着运动员奋力前进。有人说竞技者终宄会是失败者，即使是最佳运动员也终将被更强者淘汰。成千上万个失败者才涌现一个胜利者，这个胜利者最终仍将被取代，挤出光荣榜——这就是竞技运动的规律。然而运动员却从不为这种不可避免的失败结局所沮丧，仍然力争最佳发挥。10.单选题Backin1992,ThomasEdisonpredictedthat“themotionpictureisdestinedtorevolutionizeoureducationalsystemand....inafewyearsitwillsupplantlargely,ifnotentirely,theuseoftextbooks.”Well,weallmakemistakes.ButatleastEdisondidnotsquandervastquantitiesofpublicmoneyoninstallingcinemascreensinschoolsaroundthecountry.Withcomputers,thestoryhasbeendifferent.Manygovernmentshavepackedthemintoschools,convincedthattheirpresencewouldimprovethepaceandefficiencyoflearning.Largenumbersofstudies,somemoreacademicallyrespectablethanothers,havepurportedtoshowthatcomputershelpchildrentolearn.Now,however,astudythatcomparesclasswithcomputersagainstsimilarclasseswithoutthemcastsdoubtonthatview.InthecurrentEconomicJournal,JoshuaAngristoftheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyandVictorLavyoftheHebrewUniversityofJerusalemlookataschemewhichputcomputersintomanyofIsrael’sprimaryandmiddleschoolsinthemid-1990s.DrAngristandDrLavycomparethetestscoresformathandHebrewachievedbychildreninthefourthandeighthgrades(ie,agedaboutnineand13)inschoolswithandwithoutcomputers.Theyalsoaskedtheclasses’teachershowtheyusedvariousteachingmaterials,suchasXeroxedworksheetsand,ofcourse,computerprograms.TheresearchersfoundthattheIsraelischemehadmuchlesseffectonteachingmethodsinmiddleschoolsthaninelementaryschools.Italsofoundnoevidencethattheuseofcomputersimprovedchildren’stestscores.Infact,itfoundthereverse.Inthecaseofthemathscoresoffourth-graders,therewasaconsistentlynegativerelationshipbetweencomputeruseandtestscores.Theauthorsofferthreepossibleexplanationsofwhythismightbe.First,theintroductionofcomputersintoclassroomsmighthavegobbledupcashthatwouldotherwisehavepaidforotheraspectsofeducation.Butthatisunlikelyinthiscasesincethemoneyfortheprogrammercamefromthenationallottery,andthestudyfoundnosignificantchangeinteachingresources,methodsortraininginschoolsthatacquiredcomputersthroughthescheme.Asecondpossibilityisthatthetransitiontousingcomputersininstructiontakestimetohaveaneffect.Maybe,saytheauthor,buttheschoolssurveyedhadbeenusingthescheme’scomputersforafullschoolyear.Thatwasenoughforthenewcomputerstohavehadalarge(andapparentlymalign)influenceonfourth-grademathscores.Thethirdexplanationisthesimplest:thattheuseofcomputersinteachingisnobetter(andperhapsworse)thanotherteachingmethods.Thebottomline,saysDrAngrist,isthat“thecostsareclear-cutandthebenefitsaremurky”.Theburdenofproofnowlieswiththepromotersofclassroomcomputers.Andtheonlyreliablewaytomaketheircaseis,surely,toconductaproperstudy,withchildrenrandomlyallocatedtoteacherswhousecomputersandteacherswhouseothermethods,includingthecheapestofall:chalkandtalk.1.Wecanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthat（）.2.Dr.AngristandDr.Lavyhavedonethefollowingexcept（）.3.AccordingtoDr.AngristandDr.Lavy,intheIsraelischeme,studentsdidn’tmakeimprovementintheirtestscoresbecause（）.4.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat（）.5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsgovernments’packingcomputersinschoolsseemstobe（）.问题1选项A.motionpicturehasrevolutionizededucationsystemB.Edison’spredictionhasbeenprovedwrongC.EdisonencouragedschoolstoinstallcinemascreensD.SchoolsarecautiousaboutEdison’sidea问题2选项A.comparingthetestscoresofstudentsindifferentagegroups.B.interviewingteachersabouttheirteachingmethods.C.launchingthecomputerprograminmanyIsraelischools.D.explainingstudents’schoolperformance.问题3选项A.otheraspectsofeducationwereaffectedduetocashshortageB.itwasnotlongenoughfortheprogramtotakeeffectC.therewasanegativerelationshipbetweencomputeruseandtestscoresD.theuseofcomputerwasnobetterthanotherteachingmethods问题4选项A.therehasn’tbeenaproperstudyonthisissueyetB.schoolauthoritiesshouldprovideprooftosupportthecomputerprogramC.installingcomputersinschoolscoststoomuch,buthaslittleornoeffectD.chalkandtalkworkbetterthancomputerinteaching问题5选项A.biasedB.indifferentC.disapprovingD.puzzling11.单选题Language,cultureandpersonalitymaybeconsidered（）ofeachotherinthought,buttheyareinseparableinfact.问题1选项A.indistinctlyB.indefinitelyC.irrelevantlyD.independently12.单选题Inthesecondhalfofeachyear,manypowerfulstormsareborninthetropicalAtlanticandCaribbeanseas.Ofthese,onlyaboutahalfadozengeneratethestrong,circlingwindsof75milesperhourormorethatgivethemhurricanestatus,andseveralusuallymaketheirwaytothecoast.Theretheycausemillionsofdollarsofdamage,andbringdeathtolargenumbersofpeople.Thegreatstormsthathitthecoaststartasinnocentcirclingdisturbanceshundreds—eventhousands—ofmilesouttosea.Astheytravelaimlesslyoverwaterwarmedbythesummersun,theyarecarriedwestwardbythetradewinds.Whenconditionsarejustright,warm,moistairflowsinatthebottomofsuchadisturbance,movesupwardthroughitandcomesoutatthetop.Intheprocess,themoistureinthiswarmairproducesrain,andwithittheheatthatisconvertedtoenergyintheformofstrongwinds.Astheheatincreases,theyounghurricanebeginstoswirlinacounter-clockwisemotion.Theaveragelifeofahurricaneisonlyaboutninedays,butitcontainsalmostmorepowerthanwecanimagine.Theenergyintheheatreleasedbyahurricane’srainfallinasingledaywouldsatisfytheentireelectricalneedsoftheUnitedStatesformorethansixmonths.Water,notwind,isthemainsourceofdeathanddestructioninahurricane.Atypicalhurricanebrings6to12-inchdownpoursresultinginsuddenfloods.Worstofallisthepowerfulmovementofthesea—themountainsofwatermovingtowardthelow-pressurehurricanecenter.Thewaterlevelrisesasmuchas15feetabovenormalasitmovestowardshore.1.Whenisastormconsideredtobeahurricane?2.Theunderlined“innocentcirclingdisturbances”inParagraph2means________.3.Theunderlined“it”in“movesupwardthroughit”inParagraph2refersto________.4.Strongwindsareproducedbecauseof________.5.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthepassage?问题1选项A.Whenitisaccompaniedbywind.B.Whenitisaccompaniedbybothwindandrain.C.Whenitscirclingwindsmoveat75milesperhourorevenmore.D.Whenthecirclingwindsbringdamages.问题2选项A.innocentpeoplecausingsmalldisturbancesB.innocentpeoplecausingbigdisturbancesC.damagingcirclingwindsD.harmlesscirclingwinds问题3选项A.adisturbanceB.moistairC.tradewindD.water问题4选项A.theyounghurricaneB.theheatgeneratedalongwithrainC.adisturbanceD.moistair问题5选项A.TheHurricane—itsharmsandbenefits.B.Theoriginandeffectsofhurricane.C.Thehurricaneanditsgreatenergy.D.Thedisasterscausedbyhurricanes.13.写作题“Financialgainshouldbethemostimportantfactorinchoosingacareer.”Discusstheextenttowhichyouagreewiththeopinionstatedabove.Supportyourviewswithreasonsand/orexamplesfromownexperience,observations,orreading.14.单选题Militaryordersare（）andcannotbedisobeyed.问题1选项A.detectiveB.conservativeC.alternativeD.imperative15.单选题Amagician’stalkcreatesa（）ofattentionsothatpeopledonotseehowhedoeshistricks.问题1选项A.vacuumB.concentrationC.divisionD.diversion16.单选题Thechildis______alltheevidenceforhisopinion.问题1选项A.notencourageeithertobecriticalforhisopinionB.encouragedeithertobecriticalnortoexamineC.eitherencouragedtobecriticalortoexamineD.neitherencouragedtobecriticalnortoexamine17.单选题Savingmoneyregularlyduringone’sworkingyearswillhelpto（）one’soldagefromwant.问题1选项A.safeguardB.assureC.guardD.guarantee18.单选题Ifyoustandontopofacliffbookingdownadeepvalley,you’llfeel（）.问题1选项A.uncomfortableB.dizzyC.sickD.feeble19.单选题There’s______whenweshallmeetagain.问题1选项A.notknowB.noknowingC.nottoknowD.neverknowing20.单选题Whenwedrovealong,wesawheavywispsofsmokefromfactorychimneys（）upintotheair.问题1选项A.ascendingB.fluctuatingC.spiralingD.charging第1卷参考答案一.综合题1.【答案】A【解析】gainaccess（to）为固定搭配,意为“接近,获得权限,得到（信息,资源等）”,这里省略了介词to。选项A正确。2.【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项overwhelmed“（感情或感觉）充溢，难以禁受；击败，征服”；B选项corroded“腐蚀，侵蚀”；C选项complicated“使复杂”；D选项broadened“扩宽，扩大”。句意：牛仔裤最初是为矿工设计的工作服，现在受到社会各阶层的追捧，它的吸引力因为舒适和实惠的特点而______。这里要填的是牛仔裤的吸引力因为舒适和实惠的特点而怎么样，D选项broadened“扩宽，扩大”符合题意，也对应前面牛仔裤受欢迎的特点。因此D选项正确。3.【答案】The21stcenturyisanetworkagebindingustogether.Whetherwearereadyornot,oursociallifehasbeeninseparablefromeconomiclife.Andwerealizethattheadvancedelectricalnetworkcanmakeuscrossthetimeandspacelimitationstotakeadvantageofthepreviouslyunimaginablebusinessopportunity.Thenetworktimehasopenedupanewworldforinnovationanddevelopment,bringingusintoanunprecedentederaofnetworkintelligence.Thisnewageofnetworkintelligenceshowsthatwecancombineourknowledgeandcreativityandmakenewbreakthroughintheeconomicgrowthandsocialdevelopment.4.【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句。A选项commissioned“正式委托（谱写或制作、创作、完成）”；B选项conditioned“训练，使习惯于，使适应”；C选项streamlined“使增产节约”；D选项aggregated“总计，合计”。句意：1981年，玛雅林在耶鲁大学读本科时被______设计越南退伍军人纪念馆，因为她赢得了纪念馆的公共设计竞赛。玛雅林赢了设计比赛，可知这里指的是和设计相关事宜，A选项commissioned“正式委托（谱写或制作、创作、完成）”符合题意。因此A选项正确。5.【答案】D【解析】competent胜任的,有能力的；compulsory义务的,必修的；comparable同等的,可比较的；compatible兼容的,能共处的。句意：如果一个品牌的电脑与另一个品牌的电脑兼容,它们就可以一起使用,并且可以使用相同的软件。选项D符合句意。6.【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项legend“传奇”；B选项specimen“样本”；C选项maximum“最大限度”；D选项document“文件”。句意：她花了30年研究贡贝国家公园里的黑猩猩，是有记录以来规模最大的连续野外研究项目。这让她和黑猩猩们成为活生生的______，并获得了世界各地的荣誉学位、博士学位和野生动物保护奖。这个项目是有记录以来规模最大的连续野外研究项目，超出了人们的想象，A选项legend“传奇”符合题意。因此A选项正确。7.【答案】A【解析】forbidfrom...为固定搭配，意为“阻止，禁止”。句意：雇主威胁要关闭整个工厂，试图阻止他的员工罢工。选项A符合句意。8.【答案】A【解析】plausible貌似可信的，貌似有理的；patriotic爱国的；primitive原始的，简单的；partial部分的，不公平的。句意：在美国资本主义创造生产力和财富的时期，美国梦貌似是可信的。选项A更符合语境。9.【答案】Toparticipateandtowin—thatistheOlympicspirit.Itfindsexpressionintheweakdaringtodefythestrong,andthestrongstrivingforeverbetterperformance.Everbetter—theidealalwaysluringasportsmanforward.Itissaidthatnoneofthecompetitorscanavoidbeingdefeated—eventhebestisboundtobesurpassedbysomeonestillstronger.Thousandsofloserssetoffonevictorwhointurnwilleventuallybereplacedbysomeoneonthehonorlist.Thisistheruleofsports.However,undauntedbytheinevitablefailure,heisalwaysstrivingtodothebesthecan.10.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段的内容可知，作者提到爱迪生的预言，随后指出“weallmakemistakes.”说明爱迪生的这个预言是错误的，所以选项B正确。2.细节事实题。根据原文第二段的内容可知，发动计算机项目是国家政府做的，两位研究人员只是负责该项目的研究，所以选项C不正确。3.细节事实题。由原文可知，作者提出了三种可能性，最后一种的可能性最大。根据倒数第二段最后一句“Thethirdexplanationisthesimplest:thattheuseofcomputersinteachingisnobetter(andperhapsworse)thanotherteachingmethods.”第三种解释是最简单的：在教学中使用计算机并不比其他教学方法更好(也许更糟)。选项D符合原文。4.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Andtheonlyreliablewaytomaketheircaseis,surely,toconductaproperstudy,...”要证明他们的观点，唯一可靠的方法当然是进行适当的研究。由此可推断吗，目前关于这个问题还没有一个恰当的研究，选项A符合原文。5.观点态度题。根据原文第一段的内容可知，作者提到虽然爱迪生的预言是错误的，但至少爱迪生没有浪费大量的公共资金在全国各地的学校里安装电影屏幕。随即在下文提到有的国家却这样做了，以及这样做并没有带来好的反响。说明作者对政府在学校里包装电脑的态度是否定的，选项C正确。11.【答案】D【解析】indistinctly朦胧地；indefinitely无限地,不明确地；irrelevantly不相干地；independently独立地。根据句意可知应填入与inseparable相反的词,选项D符合语境。12.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.事实细节题。精确定位根据题干定位到第一段第二句Ofthese,onlyaboutahalfadozengeneratethestrong,circlingwindsof75milesperhourormorethatgivethemhurricanestatus（其中只有大约一半形成至少每小时75英里的强烈旋风，这创造了它们成了飓风的重要条件。），可知C选项“当旋风以至少每小时75英里的速度移动时”正确。排除干扰项A选项“当有风时”：当风速达到一定程度才能算飓风，属于偷换概念。B选项“当风雨交加时”：是否有雨不是判断是否为飓风的条件，属于无中生有。D选项“当旋风带来损害时”：这是飓风的影响而非定义，属于偷换概念。2.词汇推断题。1.句中前后信息衔接根据题干定位到第二段第一句Thegreatstormsthathitthecoaststartasinnocentcirclingdisturbanceshundreds—eventhousands—ofmilesouttosea.（侵袭海岸的大风暴最先在海岸几百甚至几千英里外做无害的盘旋干扰。）2.上下文语义衔接下文提到旋风开始在海面游移，当暖空气中的水分变成雨，随着热量增加，风开始逆时针旋转形成飓风。综上，这里指的是旋风在真正转化成飓风之前不会带来损害，D选项“无害的旋风”正确。排除干扰项A选项“无恶意之人造成轻微的干扰”和B选项“无恶意之人造成严重的干扰”：这里说的是大自然中的飓风，跟人没有关系，属于无中生有。C选项“破坏性的旋风”：风远离海岸时强度没有那么大，不会造成损害，属于反向干扰。3.词汇推断题。句中前后信息衔接根据题干定位到第二段第三句Whenconditionsarejustright,warm,moistairflowsinatthebottomofsuchadisturbance,movesupwardthroughitandcomesoutatthetop.（如果条件成熟，温暖潮湿的空气流入这股风暴的底部，在风暴内向上运动，又从顶部流出。）这里讲的是湿热空气的运动轨迹，主语是air，谓语动词是flows、moves和comes，宾语是disturbance，it指的是前面的disturbance，A选项disturbance“干扰”正确。排除干扰项B选项“潮湿的空气”：湿热的空气是主语，是动作的发出者，而不是承受者，属于曲解原文。C选项“信风”：对应第二段第二句theyarecarriedwestwardbythetradewinds（信风把它们吹向西边），这里指的是风暴在海面游移的时候，信风改变风向，而不是纵向运动，属于张冠李戴。D选项“水”：对应第二段第四句Intheprocess,themoistureinthiswarmairproducesrain（在这过程中，暖空气中的水分生成雨），这里阐述水分如何变成雨水，没有讲水的运动轨迹，属于张冠李戴。4.推理判断题。找句内线索根据题干定位到第二段倒数第二句Intheprocess,themoistureinthiswarmairproducesrain,andwithittheheatthatisconvertedtoenergyintheformofstrongwinds.（在这过程中，热空气中的水分生成雨，随着温度上升，会以狂风的形式转化为能量。）可知热量促成雨水的生成，也产生狂风，B选项“带来雨的热量”正确。排除干扰项A选项“刚产生的飓风”：对应到第二段最后一句Astheheatincreases,theyounghurricanebeginstoswirlinacounter-clockwisemotion.（随着热量的增加，刚产生的飓风开始以逆时针旋转。），这里所指的飓风就是狂风的升级版，属于偷换概念。C选项“干扰”：这里的干扰指的是狂风的雏形阶段，是狂风本身，属于偷换概念。D选项“湿气”：湿气变成雨水，湿气本身不能形成狂风，属于张冠李戴。5.主旨大意题。1.首尾段核心句首段第一句提出现象吸引读者：Inthesecondhalfofeachyear,manypowerfulstormsareborninthetropicalAtlanticandCaribbeanseas.（每年下半年，在热带的大西洋和加勒比海经常有大风暴。）；第二句讲述飓风的产生情况：Ofthese,onlyaboutahalfadozengeneratethestrong,circlingwindsof75milesperhourormorethatgivethemhurricanestatus,andseveralusuallymaketheirwaytothecoast.（其中只有大约一半形成至少每小时75英里的强烈旋风，这创造了它们成了飓风的重要条件，其中有几个通常会到达海岸。）；第三句讲述飓风的影响：Theretheycausemillionsofdollarsofdamage,andbringdeathtolargenumbersofpeople.（它们造成海岸上数百万美元的损失和大量死亡。）。尾段第一句butitcontainsalmostmorepowerthanwecanimagine（但它的力量超出我们的想象）讲的是飓风的影响。由此推断全文的主旨应是“飓风的起源和影响”，因此B选项正确。2.分析文章的行文结构本文的结构是总分，第一段概括全文，第二、三段分别讲述飓风的形成和影响，因此B选项正确。3.梳理各段核心句第一段：引出飓风的话题，简单介绍飓风的产生和影响。第二段：第一句Thegreatstormsthathitthecoaststartasinnocentcirclingdisturbanceshundreds—eventhousands—ofmilesouttosea.（侵袭海岸的大风暴最先在海岸几百甚至几千英里外做无害的盘旋干扰。）引出这段的主要内容，讲述飓风的形成过程。第三段：第一句butitcontainsalmostmorepowerthanwecanimagine（但它的力量超出我们的想象）是段总述句，这一段讲述飓风有什么力量。综上，全文主旨是“飓风的起源和影响”，因此B选项正确。排除干扰项A选项“飓风——其危害和好处”：关键词harmsandbenefits分别对应第三段第二句satisfytheentireelectricalneedsoftheUnitedStatesformorethansixmonths和第三段第三句mainsourceofdeathanddestructioninahurricane，这都是第三段的内容，不足以概括全文，属于以偏概全。C选项“飓风及其巨大能量”：关键词greatenergy对应第三段第一句itcontainsalmostmorepowerthanwecanimagine，这里的power指的是好处和危害，只出现在第三段，属于以偏概全。D选项“飓风的危害”：disasters对应第三段第三句mainsourceofdeathanddestructioninahurricane，也属于以偏概全。13.【答案】FinancialGainShouldNotBetheMostImportantFactorinChoosingaCareer14.【答案】D【解析】detective侦探的；conservative保守的；alternative可选择的；imperative命令的，势在必行的。根据句意可知，这里指军事命令是必须执行的，不得不遵守。选项D符合语境。15.【答案】D【解析】vacuum真空；concentration集中；division区分；diversion转移，分散注意力。句意：魔术师的谈话转移了人们的注意力，使人们看不见他是如何表演魔术的。选项D符合句意。16.【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查定语从句。句意：孩子______被鼓励批判，______被鼓励检验支持他的观点的所有证据。A、B选项用法错误；C选项either…or“要么……要么”；D选项neither…nor“既不……也不……”。批判和检验都有判断是非对错的含义，属于同样的意思，D选项neither…nor比较符合题意。因此D选项正确。17.【答案】A【解析】safeguard保护，保卫；assure保证，确保；guard防卫；guarantee保证，担保。safeguard...from...为固定搭配，表示“保护...使免于...”，句意：工作的时候定期存钱，有助于老年时期免受贫困之苦。选项A符合句意。18.【答案】B【解析】uncomfortable不舒服的；dizzy头晕目眩的；sick恶心的；feeble虚弱的。句意：如果你站在悬崖顶端往下看深谷，你会感到头晕目眩。选项B更符合语境。19.【答案】B【解析】考查固定句型。句意：我们什么时候再见面还不知道。考查therebe句型，横线处应该填名词，knowing是动名词，B选项noknowing正确，A选项notknow和C选项nottoknow错误。结合语境，这里没有永远都不知道的意思，D选项neverknowing错误。因此B选项正确。20.【答案】A【解析】ascendupinto...为固定搭配，表示“上升，升向”。这里指烟囱里的烟升向天空，选项A正确。第2卷一.综合题(共20题)1.翻译题1.Iftheyoungengineerdidn’thaveallthesequalities,hecouldneverhavedonewhathehasdoneorhavethechanceofsucceedinginwhatheistryingtodo.2.Cloningdoesn’tnecessarilymakecellsgrowold,andcanevenactasafountainofyouth,sayresearcherswhohavebeeninvestigatingagroupofclonedcalves.3.Weoftenreachanimpasseinourthinking,atthatmomentwearelookingataproblem,andtryingtosolveitanditseemsthereisadeadend.4.Thecurriculumofthehighschoolissimilartoconventionalschoolthatprovidepreparationforcollege,completewithEnglish,history,mathandscience,besides,allstudentsarerequiredtotakeperformingartsandsportsandprovideacommunityservice.5.InthePhilippines,womenwerefoundtocontributeaboutathirdofhouseholds’cashincome,but55percentofhouseholdsupportiftheeconomicvalueoftheiractivitiesathome,suchasgrowingfood,orgatheringhaytofeedthefamilydonkey,isincluded.2.单选题Oneofthereasonsforhispopularityinourvillageisthathe（）almosteveryoneeverytimewhenhecomesbackfromthebigcity.问题1选项A.asksafterB.runsforC.bringsupD.takesafter3.单选题Inhisfifties,Dr.Brownbecamedirectorofthechemicalcompany,apositionhe（）fortherestofhislife.问题1选项A.attainedB.cherishedC.expandedD.retained4.单选题Attheheightofthefinancialcrisis,alltheycoulddowas______andhopethatconditionswouldimprove.问题1选项A.holdonB.getalongC.getonD.lookon5.单选题Aviolentthunderstormwas（）asdarkcloudswerecollectingoverhead.问题1选项A.eminentB.imminentC.instantaneousD.simultaneous6.单选题Evensensiblemendo（）thingssometimes.问题1选项A.abruptB.absurdC.acuteD.apt7.翻译题长城是人类创造的世界奇迹之一。如果你到了中国却没去过长城，就像到了巴黎没去看菲尔铁塔(EiffelTower)，或者就像到了埃及没去看金字塔一样。人们常说：“不到长城非好汉。”实际上，长城最初只是一些断断续续的城墙，直到秦朝统一中国后才将其连接成长城。然而，今天我们看到的长城——东起山海关，西至嘉峪关——大部分都是在明代修建的。8.单选题Myaunt（）abrightly-coloredthreadroundherfingersoasnottoforgetherappointment.问题1选项A.woundB.curvedC.spunD.bent9.单选题Wecanseehowtheproductlifecycleworksbylookingattheintroductionofinstantcoffee.Whenitwasintroduced,mostpeopledidnotlikeitaswellas“regular”coffeeandittookseveralyearstogaingeneralacceptance(introductionstage).Atonepoint,though,instantcoffeegrewrapidlyinpopularityandmanybrandswereintroduced(stageofrapidgrowth).Afterawhile,peoplebecameattachedtoonebrandandsalesleveledoff(stageofmaturity).Sateswentintoaslightdeclinewhenfreeze-driedcoffeeswereintroduced(stageofdecline).Theimportanceoftheproductlifecycletomarketersisthis:Differentstagesintheproductlifecyclecallfordifferentstrategies.Thegoalistoextendproductlifesothatsalesandprofitsdonotdecline.Onestrategyiscalledmarketmodification.Itmeansthatmarketingmanagerslookfornewusersandmarketsections.Didyouknow,forexample,thatthebackpacksthatsomanystudentscarrytodaywereoriginallydesignedforthemilitary?Marketmodificationalsomeanssearchingforincreasedusageamongpresentcustomersorgoingforadifferentmarket,suchasseniorcitizens.Amarketermayre-positiontheproducttoappealtonewmarketsections.Anotherproductextensionstrategyiscalledproductmodification.Itinvolveschangingproductquality,features,orstyletoattractnewusersormoreusagefrompresentusers.Americanautomanufacturersareusingqualityimprovementasonewaytorecaptureworldmarkets.Note,also,howautomanufacturersoncechangedstylesdramaticallyfromyeartoyeartokeepdemandfromfalling.1.Accordingtothepassage,whenpeoplegrowfondofoneparticularbrandofaproduct,itssaleswill（）.2.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothefirstparagraph?3.Whydomarketersneedtoknowwhichofthefourstagesaproductisin?4.Theauthormentionstheexampleof“backpacks”(Line4,Para2)toshowtheimportanceof（）.5.Inordertorecovertheirshareoftheworldmarket,thefollowingmeasuresaretakenbyU.SautomakersEXCEPT（）.问题1选项A.decreasegraduallyB.becomeunstableC.improveenormouslyD.remainatthesamelevel问题2选项A.Atthematuritystage,manybrandsareusuallyintroduced.B.Newproductsareoftenmoreexpensivethanoldones.C.Oldproductsareoftensuperiortonewones.D.Anewproductisnoteasilyacceptedbythepublic.问题3选项A.TheyneedtoworkoutmarketingpoliciesB.TheywanttoincreaseitspopularityC.TheyplantoimproveitsproductionprocessD.Theydesiretospeedupitslifecycle.问题4选项A.increasingusageamongstudentsB.exploringnewmarketsectionsC.pleasingtheyoungaswellastheoldD.servingbothmilitaryandcivilneeds问题5选项A.improvingproductqualityB.changingproductstylesC.re-positioningtheirproductsD.modifyingproductfeatures10.单选题Theystoodatthetopofthemountainandviewedthebeautiful（）.问题1选项A.lapseB.landscapeC.layoutD.locality11.单选题John（）onhismistakelongafterthetestwasover.问题1选项A.consideredB.dweltC.contemplateD.figured12.单选题Samanthasobbeduncontrollablyandhidinthelockerroom,so______wassheabouthavinglostinthefinalsofthestatetennischampionship.问题1选项A.pragmaticB.dejectedC.jubilantD.indifferent13.单选题Hewantstofollowinhisfather’sfootstepstobeateacherbecauseheregardsteachingasanhonorable（）.问题1选项A.callingB.taskC.employmentD.duty14.单选题IstaredintotheblacknessandwonderedifhewasasawareofmypresenceasI______.问题1选项A.wasofhisB.wasofhimC.didhimD.didofhis15.翻译题Timeisalwaysariddleformanthroughouttheages.Peoplealivecanonlyhave“today”—theverydayandtheverymoment.However,wearedifferentinmakinguseof24hours.Wedifferinwhatwedoin24hours(whatwedoin24hoursisdifferent),therefore,whatwegetisdifferent.Someidletheirtimeawayandmissedmanyopportunitiesbecauseofdelay.Somespendtheirtimeinbenefitingothers,someworkhardtomoveforward.Howdoyouspendyourtime?Ifyouspendsometimethinkingitover,youwillbebenefited.16.单选题Everyoneintheauditoriumwasweepingbythetimehefinishedhis（）tale.问题1选项A.sympatheticB.patheticC.syntheticD.interesting17.翻译题

AlotoftheforeignerswhocometoBeijingarrivewithanxiety,thinkingthattheChinesearedistant.ButIthinktheyareveryaffable,muchliketheSpanish.Sure,theyspeakadifferentlanguage,havetheirownvaluesandcodesofbehaviorbutIdonotagreewiththeviewthattheyareverystand-offish.Onejusthastomakeanefforttoconnectandneverprejudge.HasChinachangedmeasaperson?Well,Iwouldn’trememberhowIwasbeforebecauseIwassoyoungand30yearsisalongtime.ButIsupposecominghereopenedmyeyestoalotofthings.FromtheChineseIlearnttopersevereandtohavenolimitsforeffortandwork.I’vebeeninfectedbythat.ButIalsolearnttherelativityofthings:nothingiscompletelyandabsolutelygoodandnothingiscompletelyandabsolutelybad.And,yes,thevalueofwaiting,butalsothesenseofjumpingtowardsopportunity.IlearnedalotofthingsbutIcontinuetolearn.EventhoughI’vebeenhereforalongtimeIwouldnotsayIhavetwoidentities,aSpanishoneandaChineseone.NaturallyIamSpanishbecauseIwasbornandraisedinBarcelona.Iamhereonlyasanobserver.AndIthinkitisgoodtobeassuch.Notasonewhodoesnotknowwherehisrightfulplaceisbutonewhoisinvolved.Ido,however,believeonecanbecomeChinesebecauseChinahasastrongforce.ButIdonotthinkI’deverbecomeChinese.IcanonlysaythatIcanarriveatunderstandingofwhatitistobeChinese.18.翻译题随着地球上人口的增加，人类依靠土地资源生存变得越来越困难。土地的总量是有限的。虽然使用拖拉机等机械和施用化肥可以提高农业产量，但是土地最终所能产出的粮食只有那么多，不会再增加。随着人口越来越多，人类的消耗也越来越多。很明显，地球上某些地区人口已经饱和；在这其中的许多地区，未来的人口增长肯定会带来更多的贫穷和苦难。然而，富裕国家的人们所使用的自然资源的比例，如粮食和能源，则远大于贫穷国家的人们，他们毫无节制地使用在另一方面会造成资源的巨大浪费。19.单选题Ifyousaythatsomethingis（）,youareemphasizingthatitcannotbejustifiedor,toleratedbecauseitisextremelybad.问题1选项A.inevitableB.ineffectiveC.inexcusableD.inexplicable20.单选题Thecomplexityofpopularcultureisoftenoverlookedinoursociety.Peopleexpressconcernaboutthesocialeffectsofpopularculture——forexample,theinfluenceoftelevisionviolenceonchildren.Yetmostpeoplelookdownonthestudyofpopularculture,asifitcontainsnothingofsignificance.Thiscontradictionmakesitdifficultsometimestoinvestigateanddiscusspopularculture.AsU.S.Americans,weareinauniquepositioninrelationshiptopopularculture.ProductsofU.S.popularculturearewellknownandcirculatewidelyontheinternationalmarket.ThepopularlyofU.Smusicstars,suchasMichaelJacksonandMadonna,andofHollywoodfilmsandtelevisionshowscreatesanunevenflowoftextsbetweentheUnitesStatesandothernations.ScholarsElihuKatzandTamarLiebesnotedthe“apparenteasewithwhichAmericantelevisionprogramscrossculturalandlinguisticfrontiers”.Indeedthephenomenonissotakenforgrantedthathardlyanysystematicresearchhasbeendonetoexplainthereasonswhytheseprogramsaresosuccessful.Incontrast,U.S.AmericansarerarelyexposedtopopularculturefromoutsidetheUnitedStates.Excep