2023年考研考博考博英语云南大学考试高频考点参考题库答案

2023年考研考博考博英语云南大学考试高频考点参考题库带答案（图片大小可自由调整）答案解析附后第1卷一.综合题(共20题)1.单选题Since2004,some60millionvisitorstotheUShavehadtheirtwoindexfingerprintsrecordedbyanscanner（

）.问题1选项A.oppositeB.organicC.occasionalD.optical2.单选题Infinance,opportunitycostanalysisreferstotheamountthatcouldhavebeenmadeinotherinvestments（

）theexpectedinvestmentreturn.问题1选项A.comparedinB.ascomparingC.comparedD.comparedwith3.单选题Iwish（）toStockholmwhenIwasinSweden.Ihearit’sabeautifulcity.问题1选项A.IwentB.IhadgoneC.togoD.tohiveone4.单选题Studieshaveshownthatworkers’desiretobeacceptedbyco-workerscould（

）themmorestronglythanthedesiretoearnmoremoney.问题1选项A.hamperB.motivateC.interveneD.streamline5.单选题（

）threebasicissuesoffinancialbonds:corporations,states,andmunicipalities.问题1选项A.SomeofB.ThereareC.TherebeingD.Thoseofwhich6.单选题Darwinstatedthatthemoresurvivalcharacteristicsacreaturehas（

）thechancethatnewspecieswilladoptthesecharacteristics.问题1选项A.thebestB.thebetterC.betterthanD.asgoodas7.单选题AscientistnamedChardonnetif,bywatchingsilkworms,realizedthatliquidleavesmustbeforcedthroughmanytinyholes（

）formfine,silk-likethreads.问题1选项A.whentoB.thattheyC.iftheyaretoD.astheyareto8.单选题Beforethe1980s,theideaofhealthinsurancewasquite（

）tothoselivinginthemainlandofChina.问题1选项A.overseasB.abroadC.foreignD.offshore9.单选题Sinceteacherbehavioris（）forpublicdisplay,teachersmustbecautiousintheirpersonallives.问题1选项A.heldupB.usedupC.keptupD.dressedup10.单选题I’d（）hisreputationwithotherfarmersandbusinesspeopleinthecommunity,andthenmakeadecisionaboutwhetherornottoapprovealoan.问题1选项A.takeintoaccountB.accountforC.makeupforD.makeout11.单选题Thejourneyusuallytakesfiveweeksbutyoushould（）delayscausedbybadweather.问题1选项A.arrangeforB.accountforC.allowforD.applyfor12.单选题Sincethelate1970’s，inthefaceofaseverelossofmarketshareindozensofindustries,manufacturersintheUnitedStateshavebeentryingtoimproveproductivity—andthereforeenhancetheirinternationalcompetitiveness----throughcost-cuttingprograms.(Cost-cuttinghereisdefinedasraisinglaboroutputwhileholdingtheamountoflaborconstant.)However,from1978through1982,productivity——thevalueofgoodsmanufactureddividedbytheamountoflaborinput——didnotimprove;andwhiletheresultwerebetterinthebusinessupturnofthethreeyearsfollowing,theyran25percentlowerthanproductivityimprovementsduringearlier,post-1945upturns.Atthesametime,itbecameclearthatthehardermanufacturesworkedtoimplementcost-cuttingthemoretheylosttheircompetitiveedge.Withthisparadoxinmind,Irecentlyvisited25companies.Itbecamecleartomethatthecost-cuttingapproachtoincreasingproductivityisfundamentallyflawed.Manufacturingregularlyobservesa“40,40,20”rule.Roughly40percentofanymanufacturing-basedcompetitiveadvantagederivesfromlong-termchangesinmanufacturingstructure(decisionsaboutthemember,size,location,andcapacityoffacilities)andinapproachestomaterials.Another40percentcomesfrommajorchangesinequipmentandprocesstechnology.Thefinal20percentrestsonimplementingconventionalcost-cutting.Thisruledoesnotimplythatcost-cuttingshouldnotbetried.Thewell-knowntoolsofthisapproach----includingsimplifyingjobsandretrainingemployeestoworksmarter,notharder——doproduceresults.Butthetoolsquicklyreachthelimitsofwhattheycancontribute.Anotherproblemisthatthecost-cuttingapproachhindersinnovationanddiscouragescreativepeople.AsAbernathy’sstudyofautomobilemanufacturershasshown,anindustrycaneasilybecomeprisonerofitsowninvestmentsincost-cuttingtechniques,reducingitsabilitytodevelopnewproducts.EverycompanyIknowthathasfreeditselffromtheparadoxhasdoneso,inpart,bydevelopingandimplementingamanufacturingstrategy.Suchastrategyfocusesonthemanufactureandonequipmentandprocesstechnology.Inonecompanyamanufacturingstrategythatalloweddifferentareasofthefactorytospecializeindifferentmarketsreplacedtheconventionalcost-cuttingapproach,withinthreeyearsthecompanyregaineditscompetitiveadvantage.Togetherwithsuchstrategies,successfulcompaniesarealsoencouragingmanagerstofocusonawidersetofobjectivesbesidescuttingcost.Thereishopeformanufacturing,butitclearlyrestsonadifferentwayofmanaging.1.Theauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.2.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthemanufacturersmentionedinPara1expectedthatthemeasurestheyimplementedwould（

）.3.TheprimaryfunctionoftheFirstParagraphisto（

）.4.TheauthorreferstoAbernathy’sstudymostprobablyinorderto（

）.5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardthecultureinmostfactoriesisbestdescribedas（

）.问题1选项A.summarizingathesisB.recommendingadifferentapproachC.comparingpointsofviewD.makingaseriesofpredictions问题2选项A.encourageinnovationB.keeplaboroutputconstantC.increasetheircompetitiveadvantageD.causemanagerstofocusonawidersetofobjectives问题3选项A.outlineinbrieftheauthor’sargumentB.anticipatechallengestotheprescriptionsthatfollowC.clarifysomedisputeddefinitionsofeconomictermsD.presentahistoricalcontextfortheauthor’sobservations问题4选项A.qualifyanobservationaboutonemethodrulegoverningmanufacturingB.supportanearlierassertionaboutonemethodofincreasingproductivityC.suggestthecentralityintheUnitedStateseconomyofaparticularmanufacturingindustryD.giveanexampleofresearchthathasquestionedthewisdomofrevisingamanufacturingstrategy问题5选项A.CriticalB.DisinterestedC.RespectfulD.Adulatory13.单选题Whenthelawyeraskedhimhisreasonforthedivorceeherepliedthathecouldnolongerbearhercarping（

）himabouthisdrinkingtoomuch.问题1选项A.onB.toC.atD.for14.翻译题ReadthefollowingpassageandthentranslatetheunderlinedpartsintoChinese.Storiesabouttheproblemsoftourismhavebecomelegioninthelastfewyears.Yetitdoesnothavetobeaproblem.

Althoughtourisminevitablyaffectstheregioninwhichittakesplace,thecoststothesefragileenvironmentsandtheirlocalculturesashashappenedwiththeSperpasofNepal’sKhumbuValleyandinsomeAlpinevillages.Andagrowingnumberofadventuretourismoperatorsaretryingtoensurethattheiractivitiesbenefitthelocalpopulationandenvironmentoverthelongterm.IntheSwissAlpscommunitieshavedecidedthattheirfuturedependsonintegratingtourismmoreeffectivelywiththelocaleconomy.LocalconcernabouttherisingnumberofsecondhomedevelopmentintheSwissPaysd’Enhautresultedinlimitsbeingimposedontheirgrowth.Therehasalsobeenarenaissanceincommunalcheeseproductioninthearea,providingthelocalswithareliablesourceofincomethatdoesnotdependonoutsidevisitors.ManyoftheArctictouristdestinationshavebeenexploitedbyoutsidecompanies,whoemploytransientworkersandrepatriatemostoftheprofitstotheirhomebase.ButsomeArcticcommunitiesarenowoperatingtourbusinessesthemselves,therebyensuringthatthebenefitsaccruelocally.Forinstance,anativecorporationinAlaska,employinglocalpeople,isrunninganairtourfromAnchoragetoKotzebue,wheretouristseatArcticfood,walkonthetundraandwatchlocalmusiciansanddancers.NativepeopleinthedesertregionsoftheAmericanSouthwesthavefollowedsimilarstrategies,encouragingtouriststovisittheirpueblosandreservationstopurchasehigh-qualityhandicraftsandartwork.TheAcomaandSanIldefonsopuebloshaveestablishedhighlyprofitablepotterybusinesses,whiletheNavajoandHopigroupshavebeensimilarlysuccessfulwithjewelry.Toomanypeoplelivinginfragileenvironmentshavelostcontrolovertheireconomies,theircultureandtheirenvironmentwhentourismhaspenetratedtheirhomelands.Merelyrestrictingtourismcannotbethesolutiontotheimbalance,becausepeople’sdesiretoseenewplaceswillnotjustdisappear.Instead,communitiesinfragileenvironmentsmustachievegreatercontrolovertourismventuresintheirregionsinordertobalancetheirneedsandaspirationswiththedemandsoftourism.Agrowingnumberofcommunitiesaredemonstratingthat,withfirmcommunaldecision-making,thisispossible.Thecriticalquestionnowiswhetherthiscanbecomethenorm,ratherthantheexception.15.单选题Motivationlevelscan（

）frompersontoperson,soitisimportanttotreateachpatient’spsychologicalproblemseparatelywithsolutionsforeachofthemrespectively.问题1选项A.differB.varyC.alterD.distinguish16.单选题Theconstructionofandtheoriesreflectsthescientists’interpretationof（

）whathasbeenobserved.问题1选项A.prototypesB.hypothesesC.fantasiesD.imaginations17.单选题Timeforanotherglobal-competitivenessalert.IntheThirdInternationalMathematicsandSciencestudy-whichlastyeartestedahalf-millionstudentsin41countries—Americaneighthgraders（1）belowtheworldaverageinmath.Andthat'snoteven（2）

part.Considerthisasyoutryto

（3）

whichcountrieswilldominatethetechnologymarketsofthe21stcentury:top10percentofAmerica'smathstudentsscoredaboutthesameastheaveragekidintheglobal（4）

,Singapore.Itisn'texactlyanewsflashthesedays

（5）

Americansscorebehindthecurveoninternationaltests.Buteducatorssaythisstudy（6）

becauseitmonitoredVariablesbothinsideandoutsidetheclassroom.Laziness—thefactoroften

（7）forAmericanspoorperformance—isnottheculprithere.Americanstudents（8）

spendmoretimeinclassthanpupilsinJapanandGermany.（9）

,theygetmorehomeworkandwatchthesameamountofTV.Theproblem,educatorssayisnotthekidsbutthecurriculumthatistoo（10）

.ThestudyfoundthatlessonsforU.S.eighthgraderscontainedtopicsmasteredbyseventhgradersinothercountries.TeachersactuallyagreetheAmericansneedto（11）

theirkidstomoresophisticatedmathearlier.Unfortunately,expertssay,theteachersdon'trecognizethat（12）

theseconceptsaretaughtisasimportantastheconceptsthemselves.Mosteducatorsrely

（13）

ontextbooksandrotelearning.Whilemanytextbookscover（14）

ideas,mostdososuperficially,（15）

studentswiththe,techniquesbutnotthemastery,ofthebroaderprinciples.问题1选项A.recordedB.scoredC.gainedD.climbed问题2选项A.theleastB.thelessC.theworstD.theworse问题3选项A.carryoutB.figureoutC.countupD.showup问题4选项A.villageB.leaderC.friendD.country问题5选项A.whatB.whereC.whenD.which问题6选项A.ineffectiveB.comparableC.importantD.delighted问题7选项A.ignoredB.viewedC.exaggeratedD.blamed问题8选项A.vastlyB.accuratelyC.actuallyD.merely问题9选项A.AsisknownB.TobeginwithC.NotonlythatD.Evenso问题10选项A.smallB.shortC.easyD.poor问题11选项A.relateB.exposeC.leadD.instruct问题12选项A.whereB.whyC.howD.whether问题13选项A.hardB.exclusivelyC.intentionallyD.consequently问题14选项A.advancedB.colorfulC.controversialD.ambitious问题15选项A.carryingB.expectingC.leavingD.shaping18.单选题The（）fromunderdevelopedcountriesmaywellincreaseinresponsetothesoaringdemandforhigh-techprofessionalsindevelopednations.问题1选项A.braindamageB.braintrustC.brainfeverD.braindrain19.单选题Theimportanceof（）canneverbeneglectedwhenitcomestofulfillingone’smilitarymissions.问题1选项A.popularityB.peculiarityC.punctualityD.potentiality20.单选题HispresidentialaddressinNewYork（

）ontheimportanceofcommunicationbetweenscienceandindustry.问题1选项A.boreB.spokeC.dweltD.threw第1卷参考答案一.综合题1.【答案】D【解析】形容词词义辨析。A选项opposite“对面的，相反的”；B选项organic“有机的，组织的”；C选项occasional“偶然的，临吋的”；D选项optical‘视觉的，光学的，光读取的”；根据被修饰词scanner确定D选项正确。2.【答案】D【解析】语法（分词做状语）题。分析题干结构可知，空格后的“theexpectedinvestmentreturn预计投资收益”在原句中充当状语成分，它的逻辑主语是theamount,需要用表示被动的过去分词，排除B选项；固定搭配becomparedwith，表示“与…相比”，所以D选项正确。3.【答案】B【解析】考查虚拟语气。wish后面的宾语从句常用虚拟语气，以表示与事实相反的情况，针对现在时间段的愿望，宾语从句常用“过去时”的虚拟形式；针对将来时间段的愿望，宾语从句常用“过去将来时”的虚拟形式；而针对过去时间段的愿望，宾语从句则常用“过去完成时”。本题根据“IwasinSweden”可以看出是最后者，表示与过去事实相反的情况。句意为：我听说斯德哥尔摩是座美丽的城市。真希望在瑞典时去过那里。因此选B。4.【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。A选项hamper“妨碍，束缚”；B选项motivate“刺激，激励”；C选项intervene“干涉”；D选项streamline“使成流线型”；句意是‘研究表明，对工人们来说，想要被同事认可的欲望比挣钱的欲望更…。’根据strongly和常识可以确定是‘更激励的’，所以B选项。5.【答案】B【解析】语法题。根据固定句型therebe“有”，表示存在，可排除A和D项，又因为整个句子缺主谓，所以不能用非谓语形式，可排除C项。句意：金融债券有三种基本发行方式:公司债券、国家债券和市政债券。选项B符合题意。6.【答案】B【解析】固定搭配。“The+比较级，the+比较级”，表示“越……就越……”，B选项正确。句意是‘达尔文指出，一个生物拥有的生存特征越多，该物种拙有这些特征的机会越大。’7.【答案】D【解析】语法（状语从句）题。分析题干可知，空格后的“formfine,silk-likethreads”在原句中为状语从句，所以排除B选项；A选项缺少主语，排除；C选项的if引导的如果是真实条件句，主句部分则需要用将来吋态，所以排除；D选项as可以引导的时间状语从句，正确，句意是‘一位名叫Chardonnetif的科学家通过观察桑蚕发现，富含汁液的树叶必须通很多微孔才能形成纤细的，如丝般的纹理。’8.【答案】C【解析】形容词词义辨析。A选项overseas“海外的，国外的”；B选项abroad“在国外”；C选项foreign“外国的，陌生的”;D选项offshore“近海的’；句意是‘主语theideaofhealthinsurance医疗保险’这个概念在20世纪80年代之前对居民来说是…，C选项符合句意，正确。9.【答案】A【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项holdup“举起”；B选项useup“用完”；C选项keepup“保持、处于”；D选项dressup“打扮、穿戴整齐”，句意：由于教师的行为是公开展示的，教师在个人生活中必须谨慎。holdup“举起”符合题意，因此选项A正确。10.【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项takeintoaccount“考虑、顾及”；B选项accountfor“说明、解释”；C选项makeupfor“补偿、填补”；D选项makeout“理解、辨认”，句意为：我想知道他在当地其他农民和商人中的声望，然后决定是否批准贷款。D选项符合句意，因此选D。11.【答案】C【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项arrangefor“安排、安顿”；B选项accountfor“说明、解释”；C选项allowfor“考虑到、估计”；D选项applyfor“申请、请求”，句意为：这趟旅行通常需要五个星期，但你应该把恶劣天气造成的延误考虑在内。因此选项C符合题意。12.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.主旨大意题。题干询问‘这篇文章的作者主要关心的是…’文章一开始作者提出随着市场份额丢失，很多企业开始采用削减成本的策略；随后从几个方面指出这种策略的缺陷处；最后，作者提出了一种新的策略并证明它是行之有效的；根据这样的文章结构确定B选项“推荐一种不同的方法”正确。A选项“总结一个论点”，C选项“对不同的观点进行比较”和D选项“做出一系列的预测”都不能准确表达作者写作意图。2.推理判断题。题干询问‘从文章中可以推断，第1段中提到的制造商期望他们所采取的措施将会…’从文章推断第一段中提到的生产商期望他们实施的策略能够怎样？根据文章第一段第一句“manufacturersintheUnitedStateshavebeentryingtoimproveproductivity——andthereforeenhancetheirinternationalcompetitiveness——throughcost-cuttingprograms.美国的制造商一直试图通过削减成本来提高生产率，从而增强其国际竞争力。”确定C选项“增加他们的竞争优势”正确可知生产商们是想要增强竞争力的，故答案选项为C。3.推理判断题。题干询问‘第一段的主要作用是…’文章第一段主要描述了20世纪70年代美国企业中的削减成本策略后出现的情况，所以D选项“介绍作者观察结果出现的历史背景”正确。4.推理判断题。题干询问‘作者引用艾伯纳西的研究最有可能是为了…’根据文章第三段第二句‘AsAbernathy’sstudyofautomobilemanufacturershasshown,anindustrycaneasilybecomeprisonerofitsowninvestmentsincost-cuttingtechniques,reducingitsabilitytodevelopnewproducts.正如Abernathy对汽车制造商的研究表明，一个行业很容易成为自己在削减成本技术上投资的囚徒，从而降低了开发新产品的能力。’可以确定艾伯纳西的研究是为了证明前一句话‘Anotherproblemisthatthecost-cuttingapproachhindersinnovationanddiscouragescreativepeople.另一个问题是，削减成本的做法阻碍了创新，阻碍了有创造力的人。’所以B选项“支持前期有关一个提高生产率的方法的论断”正确。

5.观点态度题。题干询问‘作者对大多数工厂文化的态度可以用哪个词来描述？’文章一开始作者提出随着市场份额丢失，很多企业开始采用削减成本的策略；随后从几个方面指出这种策略的缺陷处；最后，作者提出了一种新的策略并证明它是行之有效的；所以B选项“无私的，公正的”正确。13.【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。carpatsb.“对某人挑剔”。句意：当律师问他离婚的原因时，他回答不能再忍受她挑剔他酗酒。选项C符合题意。14.【答案】在过去的几年里，有关旅游业问题的报道层出不穷。然而，这并不一定是一个问题。在瑞士阿尔卑斯地区的社区已经明确，他们的未来取决于更有效地将旅游业与当地经济结合起来。该地区的公共奶酪生产也出现了复兴，为当地人提供了不依赖外来游客的可靠收入来源。仅仅限制旅游业不能解决这种不平衡，因为人们对新地方观光的渴望不会消失。现在问题的关键是，这能否成为常态，而不是例外。15.【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。Differ“使不同”；vary“使多样化”；alter“改变，更改；distinguish“区分，辨别。句意：动机水平因人而异，因此，重要的是要分别对待每个病人的心理问题，并针对每个问题提出相应的解决方案。选项B符合题意。16.【答案】B【解析】名词词义辨析A选项prototype“原型，雏形”；B选项hypothesis“假说，假设”；C选项fantasy“幻想，空想”；D选项imagination“想象力，想象”；根据由and连接与空格所填词语并列的theories可以确定，题干强调的是“研究的假设和理论”，所以B选项正确。

17.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:B第4题:B第5题:C第6题:C第7题:D第8题:C第9题:C第10题:C第11题:B第12题:C第13题:B第14题:A第15题:C【解析】（1）考查动词辨析。record意为“记录，记载”；score意为“得分”；gain意为“获得”；climb意为“攀登”。由testedahalf-millionstudentsin41countries—Americaneighthgraders26belowtheworldaverageinmath.（在41个国家测试了50万学生，美国八年级学生的数学……低于全球平均水平）可知B选项最为恰当。（2）考查逻辑关系。根据前句可知美国学生的数学成绩很差以及空格后面的top10percentofAmerica'smathstudentsscoredaboutthesameastheaveragekidintheglobal（前10%的美国数学系学生的得分与全球平均水平相当），可知theworst（最差的，最糟糕的）符合逻辑，此处表示“这一点还不是最糟糕的”。（3）考查词组辨析。carryout意为“实施，执”；figureout意为“理解，弄清”；countup意为“计算总数”；showup意为“出现，揭露”。此处表示“弄清楚哪个国家在21世纪的技术市场占主导地位”，因此选B。（4）考查逻辑关系。Singapore是theglobal____的同位语，由前面的whichcountrieswilldominatethetechnologymarketsofthe21stcentury（哪个国家在21世纪的技术市场占主导地位）可知leader（领导者，领袖）符合逻辑，指新加坡在数学上属于全球领先地位。（5）考查定语从从句。空格处前后为两个完整的句子，用关系副词引导定语从句，先行词为表示时间的theredays，因此用when引导定语从句并在从句中作时间状语。（6）考查形容词辨析。ineffective意为“无效果的”；comparable意为“可比较的”；important意为“重要的”；delighted意为“高兴的，愉快的”。此处表示“这项调查很重要”，因此选C。（7）考查动词辨析。空格处为过问分词作定语修饰thefactor。ignore意为“忽视”；view意为“观看，查看”；exaggerate意为“夸张，夸大”；blame意为“把……归咎于，责怪”。此处表示“对美国学生表现不佳的原因进行指责”，因此选D。（8）考查副词辨析。vastly意为“极大地”；accurately意为“正确无误地，准确地”；actually意为“实际上”；merely意为“仅仅，只不过”。由前面的Lazinessisnottheculprithere.（懒惰不是罪魁祸首），可知美国小学生实际上念书的时间比日本和德国都要长更符合语境，因此选C。（9）考查逻辑关系。asisknown意为“众所周知”；tobeginwith意为“首先，起初；notonlythat意为“不仅如此”；evenso意为“虽然如此，即使如此”。由前面可知美国学生在课堂花的时间比德国和日本小孩要多，以及空格后的theygetmorehomework（他们有更多的家庭作业）可知此处表示递减关系，因此选C。（10）考查逻辑关系。由后面句子ThestudyfoundthatlessonsforU.S.eighthgraderscontainedtopicsmasteredbyseventhgradersinothercountries.（这项研究发现，美国八年级学生的课程中包含了其他国家七年级学生掌握的课程）以及前句“教育工作者说，问题不在于孩子，而在于课程太……了”，可知easy（容易的）符合逻辑。（11）考查动词辨析。relate意为“（把……）联系起来”；expose意为“暴露，显露，使面临”；lead意为“代领，领路”，leadto意为“导致”；instruct意为“指示，命令”。此处表示“教事实上，老师们也同意美国人需要更早地给他们的孩子接触更高的数学水平”，因此选B。（12）考查名词性从句。此处表示“专家认为这种理念和如何教这些概念一样重要”，因此用how引导主语从句。（13）考查副词辨析。空格处为副词修饰动词relyon。hard意为“努力地，费力地”；exclusively意为“排他地，独占地，完全地”；intentionally意为“有意地，故意地”；consequently意为“因此，所以”。此处表示“很多专家只信赖教科书和死记硬背”，因此选B。（14）考查形容词辨析。advanced意为“先进的，高级的”；colorful意为“鲜艳的”；controversial意为“有争议的，引起争议的”；ambitious意为“有雄心的，有野心的”。由句中的while可知前后是转折关系，与superficially（浅薄地，肤浅地）相对的是advanced，因此选A。（15）考查动词辨析。空格处为现在分词担当伴随状语。carry意为“运送，携带”；expect意为“期望”；leave意为“离开，丢弃”；shape意为“塑造”。此处表示“给学生留下的只是技巧而不是掌握更高深的理论”，因此选C。18.【答案】D【解析】考查语义。A选项braindamage“脑损伤”；B选项braintrust“智囊团”；C选项brainfever“脑膜炎”；D选项braindrain“人才外流”，句意为：由于发达国家对高科技专业人才的需求激增，来自不发达国家的人才外流很可能会增加。braindrain“人才外流”符合题意，因此选D。19.【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项popularity“受欢迎的、名气”；B选项peculiarity“特质、特性”；C选项punctuality“准时、守时”；D选项potentiality“潜能、潜力”，句意为：在完成军事任务时，守时的重要性是不可忽视的。punctuality“准时、守时”符合题意，选项C正确。20.【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。speakon“涉及”；dwellon“详述，细想”；throwon“匆匆穿上”。句意：他在纽约的总统演说详细讲述了科学与工业交流的重要性。选项C符合题意。第2卷一.综合题(共20题)1.单选题Thisisadifficultjob,ifyoutryyourbest,youwilllearnhowtodoit（）.问题1选项A.ontimeB.behindtimeC.attimesD.intime2.单选题Thenewtechnologywillgreatly（）foodproductioninChinatofeedmorepeopleonsuchdenselypopulatedland.问题1选项A.boomB.boundC.boostD.bounce3.单选题From1947to1950abstractexpressionscametofullmaturity,and（

）the1950sthisstyledominatedtheNewYorkCityartscene.问题1选项A.therebyB.whenC.duringD.whereas4.单选题Apersonwhoisfoundguiltyofembezzlementmayberequiredto（

）hispropertyaspenalty.问题1选项A.concedeB.defrayC.forfeitD.gape5.单选题Healwaysincludedsomethingabovetheunderstandingofhishearersinordertopreventthemfrombecoming（

）andtostimulatetheirdesiretolearnmore.问题1选项A.pessimisticB.complacentC.perplexedD.complicated6.单选题Thevillagemovedfurtherandfurtherawayfromthecity；asaresult,linkswiththeoutsidecommunityhave（）.问题1选项A.witheredB.shortenedC.shearedD.reduced7.单选题Therearehiddenfactorswhichscientistscall“feedbackmechanisms”.Nooneknowsquitehowtheywillinteractwiththechangingclimate.Here’soneexample:plantsandanimalsadapttoclimatechangeovercenturies.Atthecurrentestimateofhalfadegreecentigradeofwarmingperdecade,vegetationmaynotkeepup.ClimatologistJamesHansenpredictsclimatezoneswillshifttowardthepolesby50to75kilometersayear―fasterthantreescannaturallymigrate.Speciesthatfindthemselvesinanunfamiliarenvironmentwilldie.The1000kilometer-widestripofforestrunningthroughCanada,theUSSR,andScandinaviacouldbecutbyhalf.Millionsofdyingtreeswouldsoonleadtomassiveforestfires,releasingtonsofC02andfurtherboostingglobalwarming.Therearedozensofotherpossible“feedbackmechanisms”.Highertemperatureswillfuelcondensationandincreasecloudiness,whichmayactuallydampdownglobalwarming.Others,likethe“albedo”effect,willdotheopposite.The“albedo”effectistheamountofsolarenergyreflectedbytheearth'ssurface.Asnortherniceandsnowmeltsandthedarkerseaandlandpokesthrough,moreheatwillbeabsorbed,addingtotheglobaltemperatureincrease.Evenifweweretomagicallystopallgreenhouse-gasemissionstomorrowtheimpactonglobalclimatewouldcontinuefordecades.Delaywillsimplymaketheproblemworse.Thefactisthatsomeofusaredoingquitewellthewaythingsare.Inthedevelopedworldprosperityhasbeenbuilton150yearsofcheapfossilfuels.Materialprogresshasbeenlinkedtoenergyconsumption.Today75percentofalltheworld'senergyisconsumedbyaquarteroftheworld’spopulation.Theaveragerichworldresidentaddsabout3.2tonsofC02yearlytotheatmosphere,morethanfourtimestheleveladdedbyeachThirdWorldcitizen.TheUS,withjust7percentoftheglobalpopulation,isresponsiblefor22percentofglobalwarming.1.“Feedbackmechanisms”inParagraph1mostprobablyreferto（

）.2.JamesHansenpredictsthattheshiftofclimatezoneswillbeaccompaniedby（

）.3.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat（

）.4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat（

）.5.Whichofthefollowingisthemaintopicofthepassage?问题1选项A.howplantsandanimalsadapttohiddenfactorsB.howplantsandanimalsinteractwiththechangingclimateC.howclimatechangesD.howclimatezonesshift问题2选项A.thecuttingofmanytreesB.desirableenvironmentalchangesC.successfulmigrationofspeciesD.unsuccessfulmigrationoftrees问题3选项A.somefeedbackmechanismsmayslowdownglobalwarmingB.thebasicfactsofglobalwarmingareunknownC.developingcountriesbenefitfromcheapfossilfuelsD.developedcountrieshavedecidedtoreducetheirenergyconsumption 问题4选项A.thedevelopingworldhasdecidedtoincreaseitsenergyconsumptionB.athird-worldcitizenaddslessthanatonofC02yearlytotheatmosphereC.theworldclimatewouldsoongainitsbalanceifwestoppedgreenhouse-gasemissionsD.futureprosperityoftheworldisdependentoncheapfossilfuels问题5选项A.MaterialProgressandEnergyConsumption.B.ProsperityandCheapFossilFuels.C.ImpactofGlobalWarmingonClimate.D.PlantsandAnimalsintheChangingClimate.8.单选题Lateralthinking,firstdescribedbyEdwarddcBonoin1967,isjustafewyearsolderthanEdward’sson.YoumightimaginethatCasparwasraisedtobeanadventurousthinker,butdeBono’snamewassofamous,Casper’sparentsworriedthatanytimehewouldsaysomethingbrightatschool,histeachersmightsnap,“Wheredoyougetthatideafrom?”“Wehadtobecarefulandnotoverdoit,”Edwardadmits.NowCasperisatOxford—whichoncelookedunlikelybecauseheisalsoslightlydyslexic.Infact,whenliewasapplyingtoOxford,noneofhisschoolteachersthoughthehadachance.“Sothenwedidseveralthinkingsessions,”hisfathersays,“usingmytechniquesand,whenhewentupfortheexam,hedidextremelywell.”Soonafter,EdwarddeBonodecidedtowritehislatestbook,“TeachYourChildrenHowtoThink”，inwhichhetransformsthethinkingskillshedevelopedforbrain-stormingbusinessmenintoinformalexercisesforparentsandchildrentoshare.Thinkingistraditionallyregardedassomethingexecutedinalogicalsequence,andeverybodyknowsthatchildrenaren’tverylogical.Soisn’titanuphillbattle,tryingtoteachthemtothink?‘‘Youknow,”EdwarddeBonosays,“ifyouexaminepeople’sthinking,itisquiteunusualtofindfaultsoflogic.Butthefaultsofperceptionarehuge!Oftenwethinkineffectivelybecausewetaketoolimitedaview.”“TeachYourChildHowtoThink”offerslessonsinperceptionimprovement,ofclearlyseeingtheimplicationsofsomethingyouaresayingandofexploringthealternatives.1.WhatisTRUEaboutCasper?2.CaspersucceededinapplyingtoOxfordbecause（

）.3.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph2thatEdward（

）.4.AccordingtoParagraph3,whichofthefollowingstatementsexpressesEdwarddeBono’sview?5.LateralthinkingreferstothefollowingEXCEPT（

）.问题1选项A.HeisEdward'sson.B.Heisanadventurousthinker.C.Hefirstdescribedlateralthinking.D.Heisoftenscoldedbyhisteacher.问题2选项A.hewascarefulandoftenoverworkedB.allofhisschoolteachersthoughthehadachanceC.heusedintheexamthetechniquesprovidedbyhisfatherD.hereadthebook"TeachYourChildHowtoThink”beforetheexam问题3选项A.waslikelytoimprovechildren’slogicwithhisbookB.gaveadescriptionoflateralthinkingseveralyearsafterhissonwasborn.C.waspromptedtostudylateralthinkingbecausehissonwasslightlydyslexicD.oncetaughtbusinessmenhowtothinkbeforehewroteforparentsandchildren问题4选项A.Everybodyknowsthatchildrenaren’tverylogical.B.Itisanuphillbattletryingtoteachchildrentothink.C.Weoftenthinkineffectivelybecausewetaketoolimitedaview.D.Thinkingistraditionallyregardedassomethingexecutedinalogicalsequence.问题5选项A.improvingone’slogicinthinkingB.improvingone’sperceptioninthinkingC.seeingtheimplicationsofwhatyouaresayingD.exploringthealternativesforwhatyouaresaying9.单选题Themagicianpickedseveralpersons（）fromtheaudienceandaskedthemtohelpwiththeperformance.问题1选项A.byaccidentB.atrandomC.onoccasionD.onaverage10.单选题ItishardtoimaginehowManhattan,boughtfromaNativeAmericantribeforsolittle,（

）vibrantfinancialcommunityinAmerica.问题1选项A.couldbecomethemostB.becomesthemostC.tobecomeD.oneofthemostassuming11.单选题Wehavehasamarvelousholiday.Onlythelasttwodayswereslightly（）byweather.问题1选项A.damagedB.enhancedC.spoiledD.diminished12.单选题Hewas（）whenheheardtheunexpectednews,butIfinallyconvincedhim.问题1选项A.incredibleB.inevitableC.incredulousD.indifferent13.单选题Thestudentshave（）moreinterestingEnglishclassesastheylikewithoutanyrestrictionsinanyspecifiedfield.问题1选项A.committedthemselvestoB.givenwaytoC.comeupwithD.signedupfor14.单选题Theworld’sgovernmentshavedone（）nothingtocombatthethreatofnuclearaccidents.问题1选项A.plausiblyB.perceptivelyC.operationallyD.intrinsically15.单选题Changingfromsolidtoliquid,watertakesinheatfromallsubstancesnearit,andthis（

）producesartificialcoldsurroundingit.问题1选项A.absorptionB.disseminationC.assimilationD.interaction16.单选题Fewerandfeweroftoday’sworkersexpecttospendtheirworkinglivesinthesamefield,（）thesamecompany.问题1选项A.allelseB.muchworseC.lesslikelyD.letalone17.翻译题ReadthefollowingpassageandthentranslatetheunderlinedpartsintoChinese.Specializationcanbeseenasaresponsetotheproblemofanincreasingaccumulationofscientificknowledge.Bysplittingupthesubjectmatterintosmallerunits,onemancouldcontinuetohandletheinformationanduseitasthebasisforfurtherresearch.Butspecializationwasonlyoneofaseriesofrelateddevelopmentsinscienceaffectingtheprocessofcommunication.

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